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Session 01 - Theory of CAE

There are three main methods to validate a design: analytical, numerical, and experimental. Numerical methods include the finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM), finite volume method (FVM), and finite difference method (FDM). FEM is used to find approximate solutions to partial differential equations and is commonly referred to as finite element analysis (FEA). BEM only requires meshing surfaces. FVM is commonly used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and is based on conservation equations. FDM couples multiple methods, such as using FVM to find loads which are then used in FEM to find stresses. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) utilizes various engineering analysis tools, including FEA

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Christiano Elondo
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108 views17 pages

Session 01 - Theory of CAE

There are three main methods to validate a design: analytical, numerical, and experimental. Numerical methods include the finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM), finite volume method (FVM), and finite difference method (FDM). FEM is used to find approximate solutions to partial differential equations and is commonly referred to as finite element analysis (FEA). BEM only requires meshing surfaces. FVM is commonly used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and is based on conservation equations. FDM couples multiple methods, such as using FVM to find loads which are then used in FEM to find stresses. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) utilizes various engineering analysis tools, including FEA

Uploaded by

Christiano Elondo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELEATION’s HyperWorks

Basic to Professional Training Program

Session 01 : Theory of CAE


In Session 1 : We are going to learn
What is Design Validation?
How many ways are there to Validate any design?
What is Analytical Method?
What is Numerical Method?
What is Experimental Method?
How many Numerical Methods are there?
Finite Element Method (FEM)
Boundary Element Method (BEM)
Finite Volume Method (FVM)
Finite Difference Method (FDM)
What is Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)?
Difference between CAD and CAE.
Design Validation

Design Validation means whether the component which we are going to manufacture will
sustain for various loading conditions or not.

In other words, we can say that Design Validation is a process to find out results like
stresses, displacement, strain, fatigue life, eigen values, heat flux, etc. which may or may
not come on the model which leads to failure.
What are the Different Ways to Validate any design?

There are 3 Methods to Validate any Design:

Analytical Numerical Experimental


What are the Different Ways to Validate any design?
What are the Different Ways to Validate any design?

There are 3 Methods to Validate any Design:

Analytical Numerical Experimental


What are the Different Ways to Validate any design?

There are 3 Methods to Validate any Design:

Analytical Numerical Experimental

Advantages: Advantages: Advantages:


1. It gives 100% accurate 1. We can solve real life 1. Physical / Manufacturing
results complicated problems errors can be considered in
2. Results can be achieved Results.
Disadvantages: faster. 2. Actual Measurements
1. Only find the results if 3. Results can be achieved on
you have formulas Entire Geometry. Disadvantages:
2. Time Consuming 4. Applicable even if a 1. Time Consuming and need
3. Accuracy can’t be physical prototype is not expensive set up
believed blindly available. 2. Applicable only if Physical
4. Calculations can be Prototype is available.
done only on single Disadvantages: 3. Minimum of 3 to 5 prototypes
point. 1. Approximate Results must be tested
Numerical Methods

There are total 4 Numerical Methods:

1. Finite Element Method (FEM) / Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

2. Boundary Element Method (BEM)

3. Finite Volume Method (FVM)

4. Finite Difference Method (FDM)


1. Finite Element Method (FEM) :

The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical technique for finding approximate
solutions to boundary value problems for partial differential equations. It is also referred to
as finite element analysis (FEA).
Inputs: Outputs:

1. Loads (loads can be forces, pressures, 1. Forces


velocity, acceleration, temperature etc.) 2. Displacements
2. Temperatures 3. Stresses
3. Constraints etc. 4. Strains etc.

Note: Inputs & outputs can vary w.r.t time.


2. Boundary Element Method (BEM) :

Boundary element method (BEM) is most often used as an engineering design aid -
similar to the more common finite element method - but the BEM has the distinction and
advantage that only the surfaces of the domain need to be meshed.
Inputs:

1. Loads (loads can be forces,


pressures, velocity, acceleration
etc.)
2. Supports and constraints

Outputs:

1. Forces
2. Stresses
3. Strains, displacements etc.

Note: Inputs & outputs can vary w.r.t frequency.


3. Finite Volume Method (FVM) :

Most Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software is based on FVM. The unit
volume is considered in Finite Volume Method (similar to element in finite element
analysis). Variable properties at the nodes include pressure, velocity, area, mass, etc. It is
based on the Navier - Stokes equations (Mass, Momentum, and Energy conservation
equilibrium equations).
Inputs:

1. Velocity
2. Pressure
3. Mass flow rate
4. Temperature etc.
Outputs:

1. Same as inputs like velocity,


pressure, temperature etc.
2. Liquid/Mass/Volume Fractions
3. Lift and drag coefficients
4. Finite Difference Method (FDM) :

Finite Element and Finite Difference Methods share many common things. In
general the Finite Difference Method is described as a way to solve differential equation. It
is used in combination with BEM or FVM to solve Thermal and CFD coupled problems.
4. Finite Difference Method (FDM) :

We need to find out how much stresses are generated on the airplane wing due to fluid (air).

In FVM we cannot find stresses but we can find the load (pressure) exerted by air.
After getting loads from FVM, we use FEM to get stress results.

This coupling of multiple methods is known as Finite Difference Method (FDM).

Air flow over an Pressure due to Stress due to


airplane wing: air flow (FVM): pressure (FEM):
What is CAE ?

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is the broad usage of computer software to aid in


engineering analysis tasks. It includes Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD), Multibody dynamics (MBD), Optimization, etc.

 CAE retrieves description and geometry from a CAD database


 It is used in almost every industry such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing
 CAE depends on CAD
Difference Between CAD and CAE
CAD is about creation/generation of the 3D model (Design).
CAE is about testing its characteristics (Material, Strength, Fatigue…) using engineering methods.
Thank you for attending Session 01
In session 02, we are going to cover:

 What is FEA/FEM?
 Why do we carry out meshing?
 Advantages of FEA/FEM
 What is Degree of freedom?
 Element Shapes etc.

For any queries/doubts, feel free to contact us via:

[email protected]

www.eleation.com

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