Analysis (Physical & Contextual)

 Parking
o Estimating parking area:
 325sf per stall
o Vicinity
 Functions: park close to function
 All day: can walk further distances
 Short term: walk shorter distances
 Residential: no more than 200’ from residence
 Commercial: no more than 300’ from building
 Recreational: locate parking in area that least intrudes on site visually/physically
 Roads
o Hierarchy of roads (most/fastest to least/slowest)
 Freeway
 Major Arterial
 Collector Street
 Local Street
 Bikes
o Common areas
 Schools
 Parks
 Community activity centers
 Employment concentrations
 Shopping
o Average range for cyclists
 3-6 miles
o Slopes
 2%-3% = 500’ (most acceptable)
 3-5% = 100’-400’
 5-10% = 40’-100’
 10-15% = 20’-40’
o Drainage
 2% cross slope
o Widths
 1-way = 6’
 2-way = 10’
 Walking
o Special buffer (front view)
 Public events = 6’
 Shopping = 9-12’
 Normal walk = 15-18’
 Pleasure walk = 35’+
o Rate
  260 feet per minute
 1 mile per 20 min
 3 miles per hour
 0%-6% grade
 50% ppl won’t walk more than 700’
 Personal perception preferences
o View : Object Height
 Equal distance to ht = strong sense of enclosure
 2x ht = comfortable sense of enclosure
 3x ht = some sense of enclosure
 4x ht = enclosure is lost
o Walkways
 Avg person likes 30” from curb
 Avg person likes 18-30” from walls/buildings
o Stairs
 4” ≤ riser preference ≤ 7”
 Planting
o Climate
 Shade reduces temp up to 10o F
 Wind break: Height of plants is greatest factor at reducing wind velocity down
range

Inventory (Site)

 Land Survey
o Quadrangles / Townships / Sections
 Major horizontal division = BASELINES
 Major vertical division = MERIDIANS
 Baselines & Meridians spaced 24 miles apart = QUADRANGLES
 Quadrangle = 24mile x 24mile square
 1 Quadrangle = 368,640 acres
 Quadrangles divided into 6x6 mile squares = TOWNSHIPS
 Township = 6mile x 6mile square
 16 Townships per 1 Quadrangle
 1 Township = 23,040 acres
 Townships divided into 1x1 mile squares = SECTIONS
 36 Sections per 1 Township
 1 Section = 640 acres
 Sections divided into four quadrants
 1 Quadrant = 160 acres
o Bearings
 Always shown as: N (or S) <ANGLE> E (or W)
 Example Question
 Line AB @ N15o 25’ 20”W
Line BC = 42o 17’ 30” intersect
 What is bearing of Line BC?
*DRAW IT OUT
AB = 15o 25’ 20” from North
intersection of BC is 42o 17’ 30” (which is less than 90o)
This puts BC bearing in the N_degree_E bearing quadrant
*BC = 26o 52’ 10”
30”-20” = 10”
17’-25’? Pull from degree (1o = 60’), 77’-25’ = 52’
41o-15o = 26o
 Line AB @ N48oE & Line BC @ S20oW, What’s the angle between them?
90-48 = 42 (gets to E)
Plus 90 (gets to S)
plus 20 (gets to BC)
42 + 90 + 20 = 152o
o Soils
 pH
 Scaled from 0 – 14
 Acid = pH < 7
 Alkaline = pH > 7
 Plants survive in 5.0 – 8.0 pH
o Plants prefer 6.5 – 7.2 pH
 TEXTURE: primary soil separates in soil mass
 STRUCTURE: arrangement of soil particles (grouped into aggregates)
 SEPARATES: size groups of mineral particles (sand silt clay)
 SAND: largest mineral particle
o Good aeration
o Rapid water passage
 SILT: intermediate-sized mineral particle
 CLAY: smallest mineral particle
o Poor aeration
o Slow water passage
 LOAM: easily manageable soil
o ±40% Sand, ±40% silt, ±20% clay
 SALINITY: excess salts in soil
 High salinity from
o Poor quality of irrigation water
o Fertilizers
o Chemical amendments
o Manures high in salt content
 COMPLETE FERTILIZER: Nitrogen / Phosphorus / Potassium
o Nitrogen: Cell structure (proteins, chlorophyll, enzymes)
 Deficiency: slow / stunted growth, yellow-green color,
burnt leaf tips
 o Phosphorus: Root Growth, Plant Maturity, Fruit/Flower
production
 Deficiency: Slow / Stunted growth, delayed maturity,
poor flower/fruit development
o Potassium: Root Growth, Disease resistance, fruit/flower
production
 Deficiency: slow growth, tip/marginal burn, poor
flower/fruit development
 SIMPLE: one of primary nutrients
 INCOMPLETE: two of primary nutrients
 SECONDARY PLANT NUTRIENTS: Calcium / Magnesium / Sulfur
 Calcium: cell formation & structure
 Magnesium: photosynthesis
 Sulfur: protein synthesis
 MICRONUTRIENTS: Boron / Copper / Iron / Manganese / Molybdenum / Zinc
 AMENDMENTS: improve soil structure, pH and fertility
 Structure: Use Mineral Amendments
o Perlite, Vermiculite, Sand
 pH: Use Chemical Amendments
o Gypsum, Lime, Sulfur, +
 Gypsum (chemical composed of calcium and sulfur):
improves clay soils by increasing aeration and drainage
 Lime (chemical composed of calcium): raise pH in overly
acidic soils, improves clay soils by increasing aeration
and drainage
 Fertility: Use Organic Amendments
o Humus, Peat Moss, Manure, +
 Humus: decomposed organic matter which flocculates
clay soils, increases water retention & fertility in sandy
soils
 EROSION
o Rill
 Formation of numerous small channels only several inches deep
o Sheet
 Removal of relatively uniform layer of soil
o Dry Creep
 Occurs on steep slopes lacking vegetative cover
o Landslides
 Occurs when soils on slope become saturated with water
o Slippage
 Similar to landslides, but lesser magnitude
o