NH Document

Prepared by:
BUILDNETT CONSULTANTS
Registered Quantity Surveyors (No. 118Q)
P.O. Box 51305-00200
Tel: 020 2319695, 0722818212, 0724848182
Email: [email protected]
NAIROBI
Design Architect & Project Manager: Architect of Record:
Kobus Botes Kanyue & Partners

c/o. International Livestock Research Institute P.O. Box 54728-00200
P.O. Box 30709-00100 Tel: 2719340
Tel: 020 4223446; 0726177072 NAIROBI
NAIROBI
Services Engineer: Civil & Structural Engineer:
Gedox Associates Ltd Gathara & Partners

P.O. Box 64441-00620 P.O. Box 53980-00200
Tel: 0725783197 Tel: 0705625315
NAIROBI NAIROBI
JUNE 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Instructions to Tenderers ............................................Page 1 to 6
Preliminaries .................................................... Page 1/1 to 1/19
Specifications ......................................................... Page 1 to 79
Measured Work ......................................................................
Main Summary .......................................................................

INSTRUCTIONS TO TENDERERS
PRELIMINARIES
SPECIFICATIONS
MEASURED WORK
MAIN SUMMARY
BILLS OF QUANTITIES
The Bills of Quantities are supplied as part of the contract for the:
PROPOSED NEW STAFF HOUSING FOR INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE
The contract for the above mentioned works entered into on this..….......…………....... day of
..............…………… 20……. by the undersigned parties refers to these Bills of Quantities which
shall be read and construed as part of the said contract.
_____________________________ _____________________________
(CONTRACTOR) (EMPLOYER)
______________________________ _____________________________
Date Date
1
SPECIAL NOTES
1. The Contractor is required to check the numbers of the pages and if any is found to be
missing or in duplicate or the figures or writing indistinct, he must inform the Quantity
Surveyor at once and have the same rectified.
2. The Contractor shall not alter or otherwise qualify the text of these Bills of Quantities. Any
alteration or qualification made without authority will be ignored and the text of the Bills
of Quantities as printed will be adhered to.
3. The Contractor shall be deemed to have made allowance in his prices generally to cover
items of Preliminaries or additions to Prime Cost Sums or other items.
4. All items of measured works shall be priced in detail and tenders containing lumpsum to
cover traders or groups of work must be broken down to show prices for each item before
they are accepted. Lumpsum to cover items of preliminaries shall likewise be broken down
if so required.
5. The Contractor is solely responsible for the accurate ordering of materials in accordance
with the Drawings and or Architect’s instructions and no claims for any loss or expense will
be entertained for orders for materials based upon the Bills of Quantities.
6. The Bills of Quantities must be priced in Kenya Currency, i.e. Shillings and Cents.
2
CONDITIONS OF TENDER
1. Tenderer” means any person or persons partnership firm or company submitting a sum or
sums in the Bills of Quantities in accordance with the Instructions to Tenderers, Conditions
of Contract, Specifications, Drawings and Bills of Quantities for the work contemplated,
acting directly or through a legally appointed representative.
2. Tenders shall be submitted in a plain sealed envelope with the name of the project clearly
marked on the outside and the following documents MUST be duly filled in or monied out
and completed in ink:
a) Form of Tender
b) Bills of Quantities
c) Main Summary.
3. (i) Tenders must be delivered to the location and the time stated on the invitation
letter and thereafter they shall be opened by the representatives being permitted to be
present.
(ii) Any tender delivered after the above stipulated time for whatever reason(s) will not
be considered.
(iii) In no case will any deposit or expenses incurred by a tenderer in the preparation of
his tender be allowed or reimbursed.
4. Tenders shall remain valid for NINETY (90) days from the final date of submission of tenders
stipulated in paragraph 3 (i) above, and no tenderer may withdraw his tender within that
period.
5. The Employer shall not be bound to accept the lowest or any tender.
6. The Employer shall notify the accepted approved tenderer (if any) of such acceptance by
letter within NINETY (90) days during which, by Paragraph 3 above, the tender is to remain
valid and the said tenderer shall then within the time stated in the Form of Tender first
execute the formal Contract Agreement and then within fourteen (14) days his approved
Surety shall sign the Performance Bond. The Employer, however, reserves the right to
extend the period for executing the formal Contract Agreement if satisfied that there are
adequate reasons for so doing.
7. Every notice to be given to a tenderer may, if the Employer deems fit, be posted to the
tenderer's postal address or email address and such posting shall be deemed good service of
such notice.
8. The words "approved tenderer" shall mean that the tenderer shall be approved by the
Employer and shall have complied with these Conditions in every respect.
9. Tenders shall be priced in Kenya Shillings and the tender sum shall be in Kenya Shillings.
10. (i) If it is found on examination of a tender that there is any discrepancy between the
total amount of the tender and the amount arrived at by valuing the items set out in the
3
Bills of Quantities at the rates or prices set against them by the tenderer, then the figure
shall be corrected arithmetically and the difference between the tender and the corrected
total shall be applied as a percentage adjustment of addition or omission on all the rates so
that the original tender amount remains unaltered. When calculating the percentage
adjustment the total cost of net prime cost and provisional sums including contingencies
shall be excluded.
(ii) The rates so adjusted become the contract rates and shall apply as provided for in
variations.
(iii) If it is found on examination that any rates for the work appear to be unreasonable
then the attention of the tenderer shall be drawn to any such items: if as a result of
this the tenderer asks for any rates to be changed then the arithmetical effect of
any change will be adjusted in accordance with sub-paragraph (i) above.
(iv) Any discount the tenderer may wish to give shall be treated as a discrepancy in
accordance with sub-paragraph (i) above.
11. The tenderer is advised to visit and examine the Site and its surroundings and obtain
for himself on his own responsibility, all information that may be necessary for
preparing the tender and entering into a contract. The costs of visiting the Site
shall be the tenderer’s own responsibility.
12. Non-compliance with the above Conditions in any respect shall render the tender
liable to rejection.
13. The works measured in these Bills of Quantities are “provisional”. They will be
subject to re-measurement at completion.
14. The tenderer shall furnish as part of his tender, a Tender Security (Bid Bond) in the
amount and form stated in the invitation letter or advertisement. The tender
security shall be valid for at least thirty (30) days beyond the tender validity period
or as indicated in the invitation letter or advertisement.
4
FORM OF TENDER
Tender for:
PROPOSED NEW STAFF HOUSING FOR INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE
In accordance with the Bills of Quantities and Drawings referred to therein:
To:
INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE
P.O. Box 30709-0010
NAIROBI
I/We, having read the bills of quantities delivered to *me/us, hereby tender and offer to execute
and perform the whole of the works in accordance with the Agreement and Conditions of Building
Contract, Bills of Quantities and Drawings for the Fixed Sum and time stated herein below.
The undersigned agrees to be bound and submit to the said Agreement and Conditions of Building
Contract, which shall form the basis for valuation of interim certificates and any extra or omitted
work which may from time to time be ordered by the Architect.
FIXED LUMP SUM OF KSHS.(Figure)………………………………………………………………….
Shillings (Words)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
And further, the undersigned agrees to complete the works within ……….WEEKS including
weekends and public holidays from the date of possession of the site.
*I/We, the undersigned, agree that if our tender is accepted we will enter into a bond for the due
performance of the contract in an amount equal to 10% of the contract amount with a Guarantor,
who shall be a Bank or an Insurance company whom the employer shall not unreasonably object,
within fourteen days of acceptance of the tender.
* I/We the undersigned agree that unless and until a formal agreement is executed, this Tender,
together with the acceptance thereof, shall constitute a binding contract between the *me/us and
the employer, and this Tender shall remain valid for Ninety (90) days from the date of tender
opening.
* I/We understand that the lowest or any portion of any tender will not necessarily be accepted nor
will any expense incurred by me/us in the preparation of this tender will be reimbursed.
*Delete whichever is not applicable
Tenderer Witness
Signature:_________________________________ Signature:_________________________________
Name :___________________________________ Name :___________________________________
Address:__________________________________ Address:__________________________________
Date:_____________________________________ Date:_____________________________________
Affix official Stamp
5
PERFORMANCE BOND
BY THIS AGREEMENT, we ...................................…………………………………….......(SURETY)
of ......................................................…………………………………………..........
ARE BOUND to .........................………………….…………………………..............(EMPLOYER)
in the sum of KENYA SHILLINGS ............................................…………………………….
.......................…………………......... (K. Shs........................…………………………......
to be paid by us to the said ............................……………………………..........(EMPLOYER)
WHEREAS by an agreement in writing dated .......................…………………………...........
............................................................………………………………….(CONTRACTOR)
Entered into contract with …………….. .................…………………………….........(EMPLOYER)
to carry out and complete the works therein stated in the manner and by the time therein
specified all in accordance with the provisions of the said contract, namely;(description of works)
..................…………………………………....................................................
.....................................................…………………………………………...................
NOW THE condition of the above-written bond is such that if the said Contractor his executors,
administrators, successors or assigns shall duly perform his obligations under the contract or if on
default by the Contractor the Surety shall satisfy and discharge the damages sustained by the
Employer thereby up to the amount of the above written bond, then this bond shall be void,
otherwise it shall remain in full force and effect. Upon default, and without prejudice to his other
rights under the contract, the Employer shall be entitled to demand forfeiture of the bond and we
undertake to honour the demand in the amount stated above.
PROVIDED always and it is hereby agreed and declared that no alteration in the terms of the said
contract or in the extent or nature of the works to be carried out and no extension of time by the
Architect under the contract shall in any way release the Surety from any liability under the above
written bond.
IN WITNESS whereof we have set our hands this ...……....... day of ...............................
.............………………………....... .......…………........................
Surety Witness
Authorized by power of Attorney No. ...………………….......................
6
PROPOSED NEW STAFF HOUSING Buildnett Consultants
ILRI
Item Description
PREAMBLE
The works described in the Bills of Quantities shall be of high quality and the contractor shall be required to
A employ qualified and competent staff to execute the works. Proof of academic and professional qualifications
may be sought by the employer
The contractor shall be required to have a competent foreman on site at all times during the construction period
B
The contractor shall provide samples of materials for approval by the Project Architect before procuring and
C installing on site
The prices and rates inserted in the Bills of Quantities will be used for valuing work executed, and the Quantity
D Surveyor will measure the whole of the works executed in accordance with this Contract.
The prices and rates entered in the Bill of Quantities shall, except insofar as it is otherwise provided under the
Contract, include all Constructional plant to be used, labour, insurance, supervision, compliance, testing,
materials, erection, maintenance or works, overheads and profits, taxes and duties together with all general
E risks, liabilities and obligations set out or implied in the Contract, transport, electricity and telephones, water, use
and replenishment of all consumables, including those required under the Contract by the Consultants and their
staff.
0/1 Preamble
ILRI
Item Description Shs.
SECTION NO. 1: PRELIMINARIES
A THE PROJECT TEAM
The “Employer”:
International Livestock Research Institute

P.O. Box 30709-00100
Tel: 020 - 4223000
Nairobi
Design Architect & Project Manager:
Kobus Botes
c/o International Livestock Research Institute
P.O. Box 30709-00100
Tel: 020-422 3446
Mobile: 0726 177 072
The "Architect of Record"
Kanyue & Partners

P.O. Box 54728-00200
Tel: 2719340
Nairobi
The "Quantity Surveyor"
Buildnett Consultants Ltd

P.O. Box 51305-00200
Tel: 020 2319695, 0722818218; 0724848182
Nairobi
The "Civil & Structural Engineer"
Gathara & Partners

P.O. Box 53980-00200
Tel: 0705625315
Nairobi
The "Mechanical & Electrical Engineer"
Gedox Associates Ltd

P.O. Box 64441-00620
Tel: 0725783197
Nairobi
TOTAL CARRIED TO COLLECTION
1/1 Preliminaries
ILRI
A The “Contractor”:
The person or persons, partnership, firm or company whose tender for the work is accepted and
who consequently enters into a written contract with the Employer to carry out the works.
B DESCRIPTION OF SITE
The site where the works will be carried out is in Uthiru, Nairobi County
C ACCESS TO SITE
The site is accessed through a main road. There is no restriction to the access except as may be
imposed by the Local Authority.
D DESCRIPTION OF WORK AND SCOPE OF CONTRACT.
The work in this contract comprises construction of 8No. residential houses which shall entail but
not limited to the following:
● Substructure, superstructure and roof construction

● Doors, windows and joinery fittings
● Roofing
● Finishes
● Electrical installations, plumbing and drainage
● External works
● Specialist Installations
The standards of workmanship and materials used are expected to be of the highest quality and
level achievable to be commensurate with the best standards in the building industry in Kenya.
The Employer shall have the right to hire others to carry out work falling under the contract if the
contractor fails to achieve the required standards of materials and workmanship.
E FORM OF CONTRACT
The parties shall enter into a contract which shall be the current Form of Agreement and
Conditions of Contract for Building Work (April 1999 Edition), published by the Joint Building
Council with the sanction of the Architectural Association of Kenya and the Kenya Association of
Building and Civil Engineering Contractors, excepting in so far as deleted therein or varied
hereinafter.
Contractors are expected to be familiar with the said form of contract. They shall, if necessary,
seek clarifications from the Quantity Surveyor on any deletions, additions, or modifications made
to the Standard Form as contained herein before they submit their tenders. No claims arising out
of any deletion, addition or modification of any Clause will be allowed.
1/2 Preliminaries
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A CLAUSES OF THE STANDARD FORM OF CONTRACT

The Contractor’s attention is drawn to the clauses of the Conditions of Contract and deletions,
additions and modifications thereto which shall be read as incorporated herein. He shall allow any
sums which he considers necessary for the observance of such conditions.
a Clause 1
Definitions
b Clause 2
Articles of Agreement
c Clause 3
General Obligations of the Employer
d Clause 4
General Obligations of the Contractor
e Clause 5.
General Obligations of the Architect
f Clause 6
General Obligations of the Quantity Surveyor
g Clause 7
Contract Documents
h Clause 8
Contract Bills and Contract Price
j Clause 9
Contractor's Site Agent and other Staff
k Clause 10
Clerk of Works
l Clause 11
Liability Against Injury to Persons and Property
m Clause 12
Insurance Against Injury to Persons and Property
n Clause 13.0
Insurance of the Works (Contractor's Liability)
The Contractor shall insure new works
p Clause 14.0
Insurance of the Works (Employer's Liability)
This clause is not applicable in this contract.
1/3 Preliminaries
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a Clause 15.0
Insurance of the Works (Works of Alteration etc.)
This clause is not applicable in this contract.
b Clause 16.0
Performance Bond
Sub-clause 16.2 shall not apply in this contract.
c Clause 17.0
Compliance with Regulations, Notices, etc.
d Clause 18.0
Programme of Works
The Contractor shall submitt a program of works whick shows clearly the critical path
e Clause 19.0
Access to the Works
f Clause 20.0
Possession of Site and Commencement of Works
g Clause 21.00
Levelling and Setting Out
h Clause 22.0
Architect's Instructions
j Clause 23.0
Specifications of Goods, Materials and Workmanship
k Clause 24.0
Samples and Tests
l Clause 25.0
Royalties and Patent Rights
m Clause 26.0
Assignment
n Clause 27.0
Subletting
p Clause 28.0
Suspension of the Works by the Architect
q Clause 29.0
Suspension of the Works by the Contractor
1/4 Preliminaries
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a Clause 30.0
Variations
Sub-clause 30.9 shall not apply in this contract where the Contractor fails to meet the standards
of materials and workmanship and the work affected is removed from the contract for the
purpose of maintaining standards in the project. The Contractor will pay to the Employer any
extra costs properly incurred in executing the relevant works.
b Clause 31.0
Nominated Sub-Contractors
Nominated Sub-Contractors shall be paid DIRECTLY by the Employer
c Clause 32.0
Nominated Suppliers
Nominated Suppliers shall be paid DIRECTLY by the Employer
d Clause 33.0
Work by other Persons Engaged by the Employer
The Contractor shall give attendance to persons engaged by the Employer
e Clause 34.0
Payments
No interest earning account will be opened for the Amount Retained.
f Clause 35.0
Fluctuations
This clause shall not apply
g Clause 36.0
Extension of Time
h Clause 37.0
Loss and Expense Caused by Disturbance of Regular Progress of the Works
j Clause 38.0
Termination of the Contract by the Employer
k Clause 39.0
Termination of the Contract by the Contractor
l Clause 40.0
Termination of the Contract by Either Party
m Clause 41.0
Practical Completion and Defects Liability
n Clause 42.0
Sectional Completion
1/5 Preliminaries
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a Clause 43.0
Damages for Delay in Completion
b Clause 44.0
Antiquities and other Objects of Value
c Clause 45.0
Settlement of Disputes
APPENDIX TO THE CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT
The Appendix to the Conditions of Contract shall be completed as follows:-

d Percentage to cover professional fees for insurance purposes only.15%
e Clause 16.1
Name of Contractor's surety
As indicated in the Form of Surety Undertaking
f Clause 16.1
Amount of surety
10% of the Contract Amount. Surety to be approved by the Client
g Clause 16.2
Name of Employer's surety and Amount of surety
Not Applicable
h Clause 18.1
Period to submit programme
Within 2 weeks of signing the contract
j Clause 20.1
Period for possession of site
As shall be indicated in the letter of award
k Clause 20.2
Contract period
As shall be indicated in the letter of award or subsequently agreed and recorded
l Clause 20.2
Date for commencement of Works
As shall be calculated, agreed and recorded
m Clause 20.2
Date for practical completion
as stated in the Form of Contract
n Clauses 31.14, 32.4.5, 34.6

Name of the bank for purposes of interest calculation
As shall be indicated during contract signing
1/6 Preliminaries
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a Clauses 34.1
Interval for application of payment certificate 1 (one) month
b Clauses 34.4
Minimum amount of payment certificate: Ksh 1,0000,000.00 (One Million)
c Clauses 34.12
Percentage of certified value retained 10%
d Clauses 34.12
Limit of retention fund 10%
e Clauses 34.15
Periods for release of interest on retention money to Contractor
Not Applicable.
f Clauses 34.17
Period of final measurement and valuation
Three (3) months after the Date of Practical Completion.
g Clauses 41.6
Defects liability period
6 (Six) months
h Clauses 43.1
Damages for delay in completion
At the rate of Kshs. 200,000/= per week or part thereof.
A SUFFICIENCY OF TENDER
The contractor shall be deemed to have satisfied himself before submitting his tender to the
correctness and sufficiency of the tender for the works and of rates and prices stated in the priced
bills of quantities, which rates and prices shall cover all his obligations under the contract and all
matters and means necessary for the proper completion and maintenance of the Works. The
rates and prices shall not be changed whatsoever after tender opening.
B DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations used in these Bills of Quantities shall be interpreted as follows:-
a “Approved”: Shall mean approved by the Architect
b “As directed”: Shall mean as directed by the Architect or the Engineer as appropriate.
c “B.S.”: Shall mean
the Current British Standard specifications published by the British Standards Institution,
389 Chiswick High Road London w4 4AL, United Kingdom
1/7 Preliminaries
ILRI
a "K.S.": Shall mean the current Kenya Standard as Published by the Kenya Bureau of Standards
b “Kg.”: Shall mean Kilograms
c “No.”: Shall mean Number
d “MM”: Shall mean Millimetres
e “LM.”: Shall mean Linear Metres
f “SM.”: Shall mean Square Metres
g “C.M.”: Shall mean Cubic Metres
h “M.S.”: Shall mean Measured separately
j Words denoting the "Male" shall be deemed to represent the "Female" and vice versa.
k “Ditto”: Shall mean
the whole of the preceding description except as qualified in the section in which it
occurs. Where it occurs in brackets it shall mean the whole of the preceding description
which is contained in the appropriate brackets.
A STANDARD METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

The bills of quantities shall be deemed to have been prepared based on the latest edition of "The
standard method of measurement of building works and associated civil works for Eastern Africa"
as published by the Architectural Association of Kenya
B SAMPLES
The Contractor shall furnish at the earliest possible opportunity before the relevant section of the
work commences and at his cost, any samples of materials or workmanship that may be called
for by the Architect for his approval and any further samples in the case of rejection until they are
approved. Such samples, when approved, shall be the minimum standard for the work to which
they apply.
C EXISTING SERVICES
Prior to commencement of any work the contractor shall ascertain from the relevant authorities
and from a keen observation of the building, the exact positions, depths and levels of all existing
electric cables, water pipes and other services in the building and shall make whatever provisions
may be necessary and those that may be required by the authorities concerned for the support
and protection of such services. Any damage or disturbance caused to any service/installation
shall be reported immediately to the Architect, the Employer and the relevant authority and shall
be made good to their satisfaction at the Contractor’s expense.
1/8 Preliminaries
ILRI
A MATERIALS, TOOLS, PLANT AND SCAFFOLDING

The Contractor shall be responsible for the provision of all materials, scaffolding, tools, plant,
transport and workmen required for the works except insofar as may be stated otherwise herein.
All materials and workmanship used in the execution of the works shall be of the best quality and
description. Any materials condemned by the Architect shall immediately be removed from the
site at the Contractor’s cost.
All plant, tools and scaffolding shall comply with all regulations whether general or local which are
in force throughout the period of the contract and shall be altered or adapted during the contract
as may be necessary to comply with any amendments in or additions to such regulations.
B MATERIALS, TOOLS, PLANT AND SCAFFOLDING

All scaffolding shall be clean preferably steel and or a cradle for the purpose of keeping the
openings and windows as free from obstruction as possible. The contractor should take this into
consideration when pricing these bills of quantities. No extra claim will be considered for
contractor's failure to price this item.
C LOCAL REGULATIONS AND BY-LAWS
The contractor is to comply with all regulations and by-laws of the Municipal Council including
serving of notices and paying of fees where applicable.
D SUPERVISION
The works shall be executed under the direction and to the entire satisfaction of the Architect who
shall, at all times, have access to the works.
E TRANSPORT TO AND FROM THE SITE

The Contractor shall allow in his rates and prices for the transport of materials, workmen etc., to
and from the site for the proposed works, at such hours and by such routes and means as are
permitted by the authorities.
F FAIR WAGES
The Contractor shall pay rates and wages and observe hours and conditions of labour not less
favourable than the minimum rates of remuneration and minimum conditions of employment
applicable within the jurisdiction of the Local Authority as stipulated by the Minister for Labour.
The Contractor shall comply with the Regulation of Wages and Conditions of Employment Act,
Building and Construction Industry Wages Council.
Should a claim be made to the Employer alleging the Contractor’s default in payment of Fair
Wages of any Workman employed on the Contract and if proof thereof satisfactory to the
Employer is furnished by the Labour Department, the Employer may, failing payment by the
Contractor, pay the claim out of any money due or which may become due to the Contractor
under the Contract.
1/9 Preliminaries
ILRI
A SECURITY AND ACCESS TO SITE

The contractor must include in his tender for all expenditure likely to be incurred in complying with
the security arrangements in the building especially in relation to entry and exit from site of the
works and movement within the site and the building.
B PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ROADS, PAVEMENTS ETC.

The Contractor shall make good at his own expense any damage he may cause to public and / or
private roads and pavements in the course of executing this contract.
C POLICE REGULATIONS
The Contractor shall comply with all instructions and regulations of the police Authorities and
shall pay any fines and costs arising from non-compliance of the same which may arise in the
course of executing this contract.
D SITE STORE AND SPACE TO BE OCCUPIED BY THE CONTRACTOR

The Contractor shall construct on site a store . The location shall be authorised by the
Architect.The space allocated to the contractor shall be used to store materials, plant and
equipment that will be used in the contract. In case the available space within the site and/or the
building is insufficient for the Contractor's needs, he shall make arrangements elsewhere for his
storage requirements at his own cost. Demolitions arisings must be removed from site
immediately.The security of the works and the materials stored on site will be the responsibility of
the Contractor.
E PROGRESS SCHEDULE
Immediately after signing the contract, the Contractor is to prepare a Time and Progress Chart
showing the time and order in which he proposes to carry out the works within the total
construction time stated in the contract. The chart shall show in detail the order in which each
section, element or activity of the works is to be carried out with emphasis on the critical path
The Contractor shall obtain the Architects approval of the chart and then shall supply copies to
the other consultants and the Employer, and he shall pin one copy upon the site where directed.
He shall thereafter adhere strictly to the approved schedule. In the event of the work falling
behind the approved programme for any reason whatsoever, the Contractor shall, within a week
of the deviation becoming apparent, prepare a revised schedule showing how lost time would be
made up within the overall Contract Period.
Upon commencement of the works, the Contractor shall be required, in addition to other
requirements on the recording of progress contained herein, to compile and submit to the
Architect and the Employer Site Weekly reports upon which shall be recorded daily activities on
site including the labour and machinery (if any) on site, deliveries of materials on site and the
extent of work achieved at the close of the working day. The records shall be filed with the
relevant parties not later than the Friday of the subsequent week.
1/10 Preliminaries
ILRI
The Contractor is required to execute the work with speed and dispatch to take as short a time on
the project as possible. The Contractor may arrange overtime working with the Employer to
achieve this. Any overtime payments should be allowed for in the rates and prices. No extra
payment beyond the Contract Sum shall be allowed in connection thereto.
A OVERTIME
Unless overtime is directed by the Architect for reasons other than the Contractor’s own interest
to complete the work within the contract period, the contractor will be responsible for any extra
cost arising therefrom.
B WATER FOR THE WORKS

The Contractor shall provide all water required for the works at his own cost.All water shall be
fresh, clean, pure, and of potable quality, free of earthy, vegetable or other organic matter, acid or
alkaline substances in solution or suspension. The water meter shall be transferred to the
Employer on completion of the project after all bills have been settled.
C LIGHTING AND POWER

The Contractor shall provide all temporary power as may be necessary from his own sources and
at his own cost for the purpose of the works. He shall also pay all fees and costs and shall obtain
all permits in connection therewith.
D SANITATION OF THE WORKS

The Contractor shall make his own arrangements for sanitary conveniences for his work people.
The contractor shall also provide clean and decent sanitary facilities for the Employer and
Consultants visiting the site. Any arrangements so made shall be in conformity with the Public
Health requirements for such facilities. He shall be solely liable for any infringement of the
requirements.
E PRIME COST SUMS

i) The words “Prime Cost” (or the initials “PC”) wherever appearing in the Contract documents
shall mean the net cost exclusive of any trade, cash or other discounts whatsoever but inclusive
of the cost of packing, carriage and delivery. Such cost shall be the sums due to the Sub-
Contractor or Supplier after adjustment where applicable in respect of the measurements or
rates.
ii) Any increases or decreases in these Prime Cost Sums resulting from the adjustments which
are properly paid by the Contractor shall be added to or deducted from the Contract sum in the
final account. In substantiation, the Contractor shall be required to produce to the Quantity
Surveyor all quotations, invoices and corroborated accounts as shall be necessary to show
details of the sums actually paid.
iii) Any sum added by the Contractor to the Contract Sum in respect of profit upon any Prime
Cost Sum shall be adjusted proportionately to the net amount properly expended and included in
the final settlement of accounts.
iv) Unless otherwise specified, amounts stated against the item(s) "Attendance" shall be subject
to proportional adjustment of the Prime Cost Sums.
1/11 Preliminaries
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A NOMINATED SUB-CONTRACTORS
The Contractor shall provide the following services for Nominated Sub-contractors:-
(i) General Attendance: The following services are described as “allow” for general attendance
(a) Use, for the purpose of the Contract Works, of any scaffolding belonging to or provided by
the Contractor while it remains erected upon the site, provided that no warranty or other liability
on the part of the Contractor or of his Sub-Contractors shall be implied in regard to the fitness,
condition or suitability of the said scaffolding.
(b) Provision of water, lighting, watching and attendance for the purpose of the sub-contract
Works;
(c) Use of sanitary accommodation and welfare facilities that are provided for the Contractor’s
workers;
(d) Provision of space or spaces for storage of plant and materials.
(e) Clearing away rubbish produced by the Sub-Contractors.
(ii) Special Attendance: The following services are stated under a separate item and where
described shall have the meaning described hereunder.
(a) Taking delivery: shall mean provision of unskilled labour necessary to attend upon the Sub-
Contractor’s workmen for the purpose of unloading plant and materials when received upon the
site and placing in position within the Sub-Contractor’s storage space or store;
(b) Hoisting: shall mean the provision of unskilled labour and the use of any Contractor’s
standing plant for the purpose of raising the Sub-Contractor’s plant, materials or components to
the various levels but not placing in its final position
(c) Providing power: shall mean the provision of power during the course of the works and
during the period of Commissioning and Testing
B ADJUSTMENT OF PROVISIONAL SUMS

In the final account all provisional sums shall be deducted and the value of the work properly
executed in respect of them upon the Architects's order added to the contract sum. Such work
shall be valued as described for variations in the conditions of contract, but should any part of the
work be executed by a nominated subcontractor, the value of such work or articles for the work to
be supplied by a nominated supplier, the value of such work or articles shall be treated as P.C
sum and profit and attendance comparable to that contained in the priced bills of quantities for
similar items added.
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A REMEASUREMENT OF WORK
All work described in these bills of quantities is subject to remeasurement in order to ascertain
the actual quantity executed for which payment will be made. All provisional and other work liable
to adjustment under this contract shall be left uncovered for a reasonable time to allow all
measurements needed for such adjustment to be taken by the Architect. Immediately the work is
ready for measuring, the contractor shall give notice to the Architect. If the contractor defaults in
this respect he shall, if the Architect so directs, uncover the work to enable all measurements to
be taken and afterwards reinstate at his own expense.Other works which are not described
provisional shall be remeasured if there is reasonable cause to do so.
B PROTECTING AND CLEANING THE WORK

The Contractor shall cover up and protect all finished work liable to damage including provision of
temporary roofs, gutters, drains, etc., as necessary until the completion of the works.
In the event of any damage occurring to the works, materials, sewers, drains, gullies, paths or
other works on the site in temporary possession of the contractor for the purpose of this Contract,
either from the weather, want of proper protection, defects or insufficiency of the works or any
other cause whatsoever during the progress of the works, the Contractor alone shall be
responsible and shall, without extra charge, make good all damage and pay all costs which may
be levied.
The Contractor shall take all possible precautions to prevent any nuisance, inconvenience or
injury to the occupiers/users of the building generally; users of the adjacent and neighbouring
properties, and to the public, and shall use proper precautions to ensure the safety of all wheeled
traffic and pedestrians.
All work operations which may produce undue levels of noise, dust, vibration, welding flashes or
any other discomfort to the occupiers of the neighbouring buildings or the general public must be
undertaken at suitable times which shall be determined in close liaison with the Architect and the
Employer.
C PREVENTION OF NOISE
In addition to the above provision on nuisance, the Contractor shall keep the general noise
emanating from the site operations at all times to a level that does not cause discomfort to the
average person. He shall take all necessary measures to muffle the noise from his tools,
equipment and workmen to the reasonable satisfaction of the Employer.
D REMOVAL OF PLANT, RUBBISH, ETC.

The Contractor shall, upon completion of the Works, remove and clear away all plant, rubbish,
cans and unused materials, and shall leave the building and generally the whole of the site of the
works in a clean and tidy state to the satisfaction of the Architect and the Employer. During site
operations, he shall also remove from the site all rubbish and dirt as it is produced to maintain the
tidiness of the premises and its immediate environs.
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A VALUE ADDED TAX

The Contractor’s attention is drawn to the V.A.T. Public Notice No. 6 of 5th August 1993
regarding the Finance Bill (1993) (and any subsequent amendments to-date) which requires the
Contractor to pay Value Added Tax (V.A.T.) to the Government of Kenya for all Contracts entered
into after 1st September 1993. P.C. and Provisional Sums shall be deemed to be inclusive of
V.A.T. All tender rates shall be inclusive of VAT.Deductions for VAT will be made by the
Employer and paid directly to Kenya Revenue Authority in every payment. The rate of VAT at the
time of tendering is 16%.
B TRAINING LEVY
The Contractor’s attention is drawn to Legal Notice No. 237 of October 1971, which requires
payment by the Contractor of a Training levy on all contracts of more than Shs. 50,000.00 in
value and he should allow in this section of these Bills of Quantities for all costs arising or
resulting therefrom.
C LABOUR AND PLANT RETURNS
The Contractor shall deliver to the Architect detailed weekly returns showing the supervisory staff
and the numbers of the several classes of labour and plant employed on the Works.
D VISITORS BOOK AND SITE DIARY
The Contractor shall keep on the site a visitors book for recording the names of all persons who
visit the site for the purpose of the project. He shall also maintain on site a diary in which he shall
record site activities on a daily basis and particularly any occurrence which bears on the progress
of the works in any way. The visitors’ book and the diary shall be surrendered to the Architect at
the completion of the project or at any other time that the he may direct.
E SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE OF WORK PEOPLE
The Contractor shall allow for providing for the safety, health and welfare of workpeople and for
complying with any relevant Ordinances, Regulations and Union Agreements.
F WARRANTY AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The Contractor shall furnish the Employer with a general written warranty covering qualities of
workmanship, materials and equipment, and be compelled thereby for a five year period after
practical completion of the Contract, except for latent defects which shall be warranted for ten
years. The Contractor must make good, at his own expense, such repairs and replacements as
may be required as a consequence of negligent workmanship or defective material. The
Contractor must also procure such warranties and guarantees as described in the specification
section of these Bills of Quantities and relevant Codes of Practice. The Contractor must also
comply with all tests of materials as required and/or as directed by the Architect.
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A NATIONAL INSURANCE AND PENSIONS

The Contractor shall allow for making any National Social Security Fund and National Hospital
Insurance Fund payments due in respect of workpeople.
B SITE MEETINGS
The Contractor shall provide a convenient venue for site meetings. He shall provide a table and a
set of 15 No. chairs, pin board for drawings and works program. The Contractor shall also provide
a cabinet for keeping current and superceded drawings, site diary, site instructions book and any
other such items necessary for the smooth administration of the site.
C PROTECTION OF WORKS AND PERSONS

The Contractor shall allow for the protection of his own and his Sub-Contractor's work liable to
damage, including provision of temporary roofs, gutters, drains, etc., if necessary and shall case-
up, cover or in other suitable ways protect all finished work liable to injury, to the satisfaction of
the Architect until completion of the Contract. From the beginning to the completion of the works,
the same shall be under the entire care and control of the Contractor, who shall take all possible
precautions to prevent any nuisance, inconvenience or injury to the holders or occupiers of
surrounding properties and to the public generally, and shall at all times keep all paths and roads
affected by the works in a safe and clear state, and shall use proper precautions to ensure the
safety of all wheeled traffic and pedestrians.
The Contractor shall allow for providing all watching, lighting, barriers, covering open trenches
and protection of the works, including Sub-Contract works as may be necessary for the safety of
the works and for the protection of the public and his own and Sub-Contractor's employees. In the
event of any damage or loss occurring to the works or to materials or to any sewers, gullies,
drains, paths, or other works on the site in temporary possession of the Contractor for the
purpose of this Contract either from the weather, want of proper protection, defects, theft,
insufficiency of the works or any other cause whatsoever during the progress of the works, or for
any accident or damage to property or persons by reason of the said works, the Contractor alone
shall be responsible and shall without extra charge, make good all damage and pay all costs
incurred.
D TELEPHONE
The contractor shall make arrangement to be reached on site by phone at all times. He will be
responsible for all bills incurred
E HOLIDAYS AND TRANSPORT FOR WORK PEOPLE
The contractor shall allow for providing holidays and transport for workpeople and for complying
with any relevant Ordinances, Regulations or Union Agreements.
F NO WORKMEN TO BE HOUSED ON SITE

No labour with the exception of a watchman may be housed on the site. The cost of transporting
labour to and from the site or elsewhere will be deemed to be included in the tender.
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A WORK TO BE OPENED UP AT THE REQUEST OF THE ARCHITECT
The Contractor shall, on the instruction of the Architect within such time as the Architect shall
name, open for inspection any work covered up, and, should the Contractor refuse or neglect to
comply with such an instruction, the Architect may employ workmen other than those employed
by the Contractor to open up the same. If the said work has been covered up in contravention of
the Architect's instructions, or if, on being opened up, it is found not to be in accordance with the
drawings or Bills of Quantities or an instruction of the Architect, the expenses of opening and
covering it up whether done by the Contractor or by the Architect shall be borne by and be
recoverable from the Contractor and may be deducted from any monies due to the Contractor.
If the work has not been covered up in contravention of an instruction and in accordance with the
said drawings and Bills of Quantities, then the expenses aforesaid shall be borne by the
Employer, and shall be added to the Contract Sum; provided always that, in the case of
foundations or any other urgent work so opened up and requiring immediate attention, the
Architect shall within a reasonable time after the work has been opened, make or cause to be
made the inspection thereof, and at the expiration of such time, if such inspection shall not have
been made the Contractor may cover up the same and shall not be required to open it up again
for inspection except at the expense of the Employer.
B HOARDING
The Contractor will be required by the Employer or by the local bye-laws to enhance the
seclusion of the works by providing hoarding as necessary. The exact location of the hoarding is
to be negotiated with the Local Authority by the Contractor who will also be responsible for paying
any fees or taxes in respect of the hoarding, fencing and gates.The Contractor shall allow for
thoroughly maintaining the hoarding and gates throughout the Contract and clearing away and
making good disturbed ground on completion. All materials arising will remain the property of the
Contractor and he shall allow credit against this accordingly.
C SCAFFOLDING
The Contractor shall allow for providing, erecting and dismantling all scaffolding required for the
works.
D WORKS TO BE DELIVERED UP CLEAN
On completion of the Contract, the site and the works shall be cleared of all plant, scaffolding,
rubbish and unused materials and shall be delivered up clean and in perfect condition in every
respect to the satisfaction of the Architect. Particular attention is to be paid to leaving all walls,
windows and floors clean and removing all paint and cement stains.
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A EXISTING PROPERTY
The Contractor shall take every precaution to avoid damage to all existing property including
roads, cables, drains and other services and he will be held responsible for all damage arising
from the execution of this Contract to the aforesaid, and he shall make good all such damage
where directed at his own expense to the satisfaction of the Architect.
B TESTING
Allow for all expenses in connection with the testing of materials as specified hereunder including
the supply and preparation of materials to be tested, the cost of materials and their packing and
conveyance to the nearest approved testing laboratory, laboratory charges, etc.
C WORK RE-MEASUREMENT FOR FINAL ACCOUNT
All work in this contract shall be re-measured on completion and a final account of the contract
prepared by the Quantity Surveyor. The contractor will be given the opportunity to be present for
all re-measurements. The final account will be based on the final re-measurements. The
Contractor is therefore cautioned against using the bills of quantities for ordering of materials as
the quantities may change in the course of the contract. Neither should the contractor use the
Quantities in the Bills of Quantities for executing work on site. The use of the bills of quantities by
the contractor for the above purposes shall be at the contractors own risk and no claims arising
from any losses arising therefrom shall be accepted.
D SITE SIGN BOARD

The signboard and lettering of the same for display of the General and Subcontractors shall be of
an approved size. The consultant’s names shall be printed in letters not less than 50 mm in
height
The signboard shall be well maintained throughout the construction period removed on comletion
of the project
E CONCRETE TESTS
Concrete test cubes, i.e. per set of six or as may be instructed by the Engineer, including testing
fee, labour and materials, making moulds, transport and handling, etc.
Successful tests only (PROVISIONAL):

Sets of six: No.5@ Shs: ___________(Tenderer must insert rate and extend)
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ILRI
A SECURITY OF THE WORKS

The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the security of the works, materials, plant, and
personnel.
B INSURANCE
The contractor shall make sure that the works, plant, equipment , workers, vistors accessing the
site and other third party property are insured during the construction period as stipulated in the
conditions of contract.
C NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY FEES
The contractor shall allow for all charges in making an application on behalf of the client to the
National Construction Authority, liaising and obtaining the necessary permits as required by law
on award of the construction contract to the contractor. The Employer shall meet the statutory
fees and charges as invoiced by the Authority
D ALL OTHER EXPENSE
The contractor should allow for any other expense that has not been specifically provided for
under preliminaries but which he considers necessary for the execution of the works
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SECTION NO. 1 - PRELIMINARIES
SUMMARY
From page no.
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TOTAL FOR SECTION NO. 1 CARRIED TO MAIN SUMMARY
1/19 Preliminaries
General Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS
PART NO TITLE PAGE
1. GENERAL 2
2. DEMOLITIONS & ALTERATIONS 4
3. EXCAVATIONS & EARTHWORKS 8
4. CONCRETE WORK 12
5. WALLING 28
6. ROOFING & RAINWATER DISPOSAL 34
7. CARPENTRY AND JOINERY 40
8. STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & OTHER METAL 49
9. FINISHINGS 57
10. GLAZING 65
11. PAINTING & DECORATING 68
12. PLUMBING 74
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PART ONE :
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
These specifications are to be read, understood, observed and or acted upon by the tender as may be
necessary. Particular attention of the tender/contractor is drawn to the section on safety at the end of part
one of these general specifications. This is to be strictly observed.
A. MATERIAL GENERALLY
All materials used on the works shall be new and of the qualities and kinds specified herein and equal to approved samples.
Deliveries shall be made sufficiently in advance to enable samples to be taken and tested if required. No materials shall be used
until approved and all materials which are note approved or which are damaged, contaminated or have deteriorated in any way or
do not comply in any way with the requirements of this specification shall be immediately removed from the site at the Contractor’s
expense.
B. MATERIALS FOR WHICH THERE IS A KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS SPECIFICATION
All materials used in the works for which a Kenya Bureau of Standard Specification has been published shall conform with the latest
edition thereof in every way. The Architect reserves the right to demand that the Contractor shall obtain at his own expense a
certificate in respect of any material to state that it is in accordance with the Kenya Bureau of Standard Specifications.
C. MATERIALS FOR WHICH THERE IS NO KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS SPECIFICATION
All materials used in the works for which no Kenya Bureau of Standard Specification has been published shall conform with the
British Standard Specifications for such material. If there are no published standard as specified for any materials, the quality of
such materials shall be generally of a Standard equal to those for which there is a Kenya Bureau of Standard or British Standard
Specification.
D. ALTERNATIVES TO PROPRIETARY BRANDS
Where materials are specified by their proprietary names or where fittings are specified by catalogue numbers, or descriptions, the
contractor may offer material or fittings of alternative manufacture which are of equal quality. Such alternatives must be approved
before being used in the works and the Contractor shall allow for this, but prior to tendering he may submit to the Architect for
approval the names of any suppliers or manufacturers whose products he intends to use, together with catalogue numbers and
descriptions and/or samples but the decision of the Architect will be final.
E. SAMPLES
The Contractor shall furnish for approval, with reasonable promptness all samples of material and workmanship required by the
Architect. The Architect shall check and approve such for conformance with the design concept of the works and for compliance
with the information given in the Contract Documents. The work shall be in accordance with approved samples.
(a) All material samples shall be delivered to the Architect’s Office with all charges in
connection therewith paid by the Contractor.
(b) Duplicate final approved samples, in addition to any required for the Contractor’s use,
shall be furnished to the Architect, one for office use and one for the site.
(c) Samples shall be furbished so as not to delay fabrication, allowing the Architect
reasonable time for consideration of the sample submitted.
(d) Each sample shall be properly labelled with the name and quality of the material,
manufacturer’s name, name of project, the Contractor’s name and the date of submission and the specification number to
which the sample refers.
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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
A MEASUREMENT AND TESTING EQUIPMENT
The Contractor shall provide the following equipment for carrying out measuring and control tests on the site and maintain in full
working order:
(a) Straight edges 2 metres and 4 metres long for testing the accuracy of the finished concrete.
(b) A glass graduated cylinder for use in the silt test of organic impurities in the sand.
(c) Slump test apparatus
(d) 150 mm steel cube moulds with base plates and tamping rod to BS 1881.
(e) Two 30 metre steel tapes
(f) One dumpy or quickset level and staff.

(g) Micrometer.
B SAFETY
The Contractor shall practice high safety standards in execution of the works and shall comply with:
(a) SHE laws that include but may not be limited to:
(i) Work Injury Benefit Act (WIBA) 2007
(ii) Occupational Safety and Health Act 2007
(iii) Environmental Management & Coordination Act 1999 and its subsidiary legislations
(b) The building code/building bylaws

(c) Any other laws, regulations or practices as may be required by the employer
PART TWO
DEMOLITIONS & ALTERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS
DEMOLITIONS AND ALTERATIONS
A. DEMOLITIONS
Demolitions, taking out and cutting away shall be carefully performed and every precaution shall be taken to ensure the safety of the
work. If damage should occur in the carrying out the demolitions or alterations the contractor shall reinstate and make good the
same at his own expense.
B. PROTECTION
Supply, erect and maintain during the cutting of openings etc., all necessary protection to the existing premises against damage by
weather or other cases.
C. LAYING THE DUST
Allow for laying the dust as far as possible during the alteration by watering with a hose or other means
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D. MAKING GOOD
All making good of blockwork, building up of opening etc., shall be solid blockwork unless otherwise described, in cement mortar
(1:4) properly cut, toothed and bonded and pinned up to existing work and pointed where necessary.
E. CREDIT FOR MATERIALS
Unless otherwise specified materials arising from the demolitions and alterations will become the property of the contractor. If the
Contractor wishes to allow a credit for any such materials the appropriate allowance should be included in the credit column of the
Bills of Quantities. In the event that the Employer wishes to take possession of any such materials the contractor will only be
entitled to receive compensation to the amount of credit indicated.
F. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
The following definitions explain and simplify the terms indicated in the description of the works.
Removal shall include:
Dismantling/pulling down/taking out/taking up/stripping etc., at the site of the works, getting from the site of the works to the outside
of building by whatever means is necessary and disposal.
Disposal shall include:
handling on site to store or to pick up point for loading

loading into skips or lorries
transporting away from site to yard, store or tip
payment of all tip charges.
Making out shall include:
infilling to voids, openings, gaps and the like and matching

materials and construction to existing

Making good shall include:
work as last described consequent on the carrying out of other work.
Form opening in brickwork or blockwork shall include:
Shoring up and needling as required

Cutting the opening
Designing, providing and inserting required beam or lintol and providing any calculations if
required and obtaining building regulation approval.
Providing and inserting cavity gutters and the like forming new arches and the like in facework to match existing.
Quoining up jambs
Sealing cavity of hollow walls, at jambs and cill and providing and inserting damp proof course
Making good facework and features to match existing
Forming new external sub-cill or sub-thresholds to match existing
Making good the plasterwork or other applied finishes including making out into reveals and providing metal angle beads to arises
where required.
Removing debris.
Block in/ Blank off/ Fill in opening in brick work or block work shall include:
Carefully cutting out any flooring in opening and levelling and preparing for raising new work
Cutting toothing for bonding in new work
Filling the opening with brickwork or block work to match existing
Making out facework including cutting out arches, cills or ornamentation around the opening and continuing any general facework
pattern
Wedging and pining to existing soffit
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Providing and inserting matching damp proof course
Marking out plasterwork including continuing any existing patterns of labours and making good
between new and old work so that after decoration or weathering the original opening cannot be discerned.
Removal of debris
Remove partition shall include:
Sorting up if required
Sizing, providing and inserting required timber beam if the partition is load bearing
Taking off skirtings, picture rails and the like
Stripping off lath plaster or other finished and insulation quilts
Taking out doors, borrowed lights, hatches and the like, frames, linings and architraves and the like within any area of partitioning to
be removed
Dismantling and taking studding or framed work
Making good plasterwork or other wall and ceiling finishes including cornices and other enrichments
Making good or making out floor boarding and any applied finishes
Taking out timber skirtings, picture rails and the like and removing debris.
Repair roof covering shall include:
The term repair as applied to a tiled or slatted roof includes any or all of the following operations as are necessary:
Renew broken or missing tiles/slates to match existing including nailing with composition nails securing with copper tingles
Re-wedge and repoint flashings and making out with new as required
Re-make tile/slate verges or eaves including any bedding and pointing
Renew defective or missing ridge or hip tiles
Removal of debris.
Renew roof covering shall include:
The term renew roof covering as applied to a tiled or slatted roof includes:
Lift and afterwards refix flashings, soakers, ridge, hip and valley coverings etc.
Strip existing roofing and battens, sort and set aside sound tiles/slates
Renew battens and re-lay existing tiles/slates together with new tiles/slates as required all to
Match existing including sarking felt underlay whether previously provided or not, and including
any special tile/slates to eaves, verges, ridges and valleys
Re-wedge and repoint flashings
Remove debris
The term renew roof covering as applied to a sheet metal, felt or asphalt roof includes:
Strip existing roofing
Remove sub-base as required
Lift and afterwards refix flashing
Renew roof covering to match existing
Re-wedge and repoint flashings
Remove debris.
Renew flashings and the like shall include:
The terms renew flashings and the like as applied to pitched or flat roofs includes any or all of the following as may be applicable:
Strip existing flashings, soakers, gutters, ridge and hop covering
Renew all work previously removed in material or similar quality and substance
Re-wedge and repoint all new flashings
Remove debris.
Ease and adjust shall include:
The term and adjust as applied to doors, cupboards doors, casement sashes and the like includes:
Rehanging on existing hinges
Planing edges as necessary
Oiling locks and hinges and leaving in working order
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Overhaul shall include:
The term overhaul applied to doors, cupboard doors, casement sashes and the like includes any or all of the following operations as
are necessary:
Cramp up loose tenon joints and wedge or re-wedge including glueing wedges
Piercing in any existing hinges or renewing hinges if required
Plane edges
Plane off protruding tenons
Refix ironmongery and locks or renew if required
Oil locks and hinges
Renew glass where cracked or broken
Renew putties where loose, missing or defective
Strip existing installation shall include:
The term strip existing installation in relation to electrical installation includes:

Disconnecting at mains and making safe
Disconnecting and taking out all existing conduit, wiring and fittings (except where conduit is to be re-used)
Strip existing installations in relation to plumbing and engineering installations shall include:
Turning off incoming supplies

Disconnecting and taking out all existing appliances, fittings and pipework
Removing defunct pipeclips, fixing and the like
Making good walls, floors, ceiling as required
Removing debris.
PART THREE
EXCAVATIONS & EARTHWORKS SPECIFICATIONS
EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS
A. CODES OF PRACTICE
The contractor shall comply with the following codes of practice:
Site Investigations C.P 2001

Earthworks C.P 2003
Foundations C.P 2004
Protection of building against water from the ground C.P 102
B. INSPECTION OF SITE
The contractor is deemed to have visited the site and to have ascertained the nature of the soil and sub-soils to be excavated. No
claim will be allowed on account of these being of a different nature from that for which he had allowed in his prices.
C. PROCEDURE
The excavations and fillings shall be carried out in such a manner and order as the Architect may direct.
D. EXISTING TREES SHRUBS AND GRUBBING UP ROOTS

(a) Directions
Cut down and remove shrubs and trees as directed. No shrubs, trees, plants etc., shall be removed except as directed by the
Architect and the contractor shall be held responsible for any damage caused by the building operations to those shrubs, trees
etc., not so directed to be removed.
(b) Grubbing up roots
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Grubbing up roots etc. shall include the following and disposal shall be described under the foregoing clause:
(1) Stumps and roots of large trees shall be completely removed.
(2) Stumps and roots of small trees, bushes or other vegetation shall be completely removed to a depth of at least 600mm
below formation.
(3) Smaller stumps and roots of vegetation up to 25mm thick shall be completely removed to a depth of 230mm below
formation.
(4) Fine roots shall be removed to as great depth as is practicable by hand.
Except where the area of grubbing is to be excavated, all resulting holes shall be filled up solid with approved material
compacted to the same relative density as the surrounding.
E. SITE CLEARANCE
All grass, vegetable matter etc., must be removed from or burned on site at the commencement of the contract over areas as
directed by the Architect.
F. WHITE ANT-INSECTICIDE TREATMENT

The Contractor must destroy any white ant’s nests found within the perimeter of the buildings and within a distance of 20 metres
from the buildings externally and take out and destroy queen ants, impregnate holes and tunnels with approved insecticides and
back-fill with hard materials well rammed and consolidated.
G. EXCAVATION
(i) The excavations are to be executed to the widths shown on the Drawings, and to the
depth below existing ground levels as directed by the Architect in order to obtain satisfactory foundations. If the contractor
excavates to any widths or depths greater than those shown on the drawings or as instructed by the Architect he shall at
his own expense fill in such widths or depths of excavation beyond that instructed or shown with concrete to the
satisfaction to the Architect.
(ii) Level and ram bottoms of all excavations to receive concrete, form steppings if necessary
or directed to allow for sloping ground, and well water excavations before pouring concrete.
(iii) The contractor shall report to the Architect when secure bottoms to the excavations have
been obtained. Any concrete of other work executed before the excavations have been inspected and approved shall, if
so directed, be removed and new work substituted after the excavations gave been approved all at the contractor’s
expense.
(iv) Excavations made below required levels shall be filled with mass concrete (1:4:8) at the
contractor’s expense.
H. ROCK
(a) Definition
Rock is defined as any material met within the excavations which is of such size or position that it can only be removed by
means of wedges, compressed air plant, or other special plant and the Architects opinion shall be final.
(b) Other materials to be taken with normal excavations
Excavations in any material such as compacted murram, soft tuff, stiff clay or similar materials which in the opinion of the
Architect can reasonably, be removed by pick, traxcavator or similar, means will be deemed to be included in the prices of
normal excavation.
I. BLASTING
No blasting will be permitted without the prior approval of the Architect and local Authority.
J. BORROW PITS
Borrow pits will only be allowed to be opened up on the site on receipt of permission from the Architect.
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K. HARDCORE FILLING
Hardcore for filling under floors etc., shall be good hard stone, ballast or quarry waste (not magadi or similar soft stone) to the
approval of the Architect broken to pass not greater than a 150mm ring or to be 75% of the finished thickness of the layers being
compacted whichever is the lesser and graded to contain sufficient smaller pieces to fill all voids so that it can be thoroughly
compacted. The filling is to be laid in layers each of a consolidated thickness not exceeding 225mm and well watered and
compacted by hand of mechanical tampers. The top surface of the hardcore shall be levelled or graded to falls as required and
blinded with a 75 mm layer of similar material finely crushed and well rolled and watered immediately before concrete is laid.
L. FILLING OBTAINED FROM THE EXCAVATIONS

Filling obtained from surplus excavated materials is to be free from all weeds, roots, vegetable or other unsuitable materials and is to
be filled in layers each of not more than 225 mm finished thickness. Each layer to be well watered and consolidated before the
subsequent layer is filled in.
M. MATERIALS FOUND IN THE EXCAVATIONS

No sand, aggregate or other materials found in the excavations is to be used in the works without the written permission of the
Architect.
N. INSECTICIDE / ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENT

The top surface of all filling shall be treated with an approved chemical treatment, applied in accordance with the manufacturers
printed instructions. The approved specialist treatment shall include a ten year guarantee against termites.
O. PROTECTION OF PIPES, CABLES ETC.
Before commencing works which include excavations or ground levelling by manual or mechanical excavation the contractor shall at
his expense ascertain in writing from the Post Office, K.P. & L. Co. Ltd., Engineer’s Department (water & sewers section) and all
other public bodies, companies and persons who may be affected, the positions and depths of their respective ducts, cables mains
or pipes and appurtenances. He shall thereupon search for and locate such services.
The contractor shall at his own expense effectually prop, protect, underpin, alter, divert, restore and make good as may be
necessary all pipes, cables or ducts, poles or wires and their appurtenance disturbed or damaged during the progress of the works,
or in consequence thereof.
Except that such services as required to be removed or altered by virtue of the layout of the permanent work and not the manner in
which the work is carried out, shall be so removed or altered at the expense of the Employer. The contractor shall be liable for the
cost of repairs to any services damaged as a result of carrying out the works and shall further be liable for any damage which may
be shown during the period of maintenance, to have arisen through the execution of these works.
The rates for excavation, including excavation in rock, must include for trimming, levelling and preparing bottoms and all faces to
receive concrete, etc., and for and extra excavation required for planking and strutting. Prices shall include for excavating in any
material encountered unless specifically otherwise described, handling, etc., of extra bulk after excavating, or before consolidating,
any extra excavation required for formwork or planking and strutting, circular work, grubbing up any old drains, roots, etc., that may
be encountered , for trimming sides and levelling and ramming bottoms, forming steppings and trimming excavation or filling of
embankments and batters as required.
In his price for the item, keep excavations free from all water, the contractor shall allow and make provision for keeping the whole of
the work thoroughly drained and clear of water below the lowest level of any part of them so long as may be required and if
considered necessary by the Architect, continuously day and night by petrol or hand pumps or other mechanical appliances, pipes,
chutes, dams, manholes, sumps, diversions or any other means necessary for the purpose. Water pumped from the trenches shall
be allowed to run down the road channels but shall be conveyed to the nearest surface water sewer, ditch or river through troughs,
chutes or pipes.
P. RATES OF DISPOSAL
Rates of disposal of excavated material are to include for the selection of spoil as it arises and for all double handling and re-
excavation from spoil heaps not specifically ordered by the Architect.
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Q. POLYTHENE SHEETING
Polythene sheeting shall be 1000 gauge or as described obtained from an approved manufacturer. Joints in sheeting shall be
treble folded with 150 mm fold and taped at 300 mm intervals with 50 mm wide black plastic adhesive tape as manufactured by
sellotape limited. The sheeting shall not be laid loose with sufficient wrinkles to permit shrinkage up to 15%.
R. GRASSED AREAS
Areas to be grassed shall be cleared of all debris and roots and dug up to a depth of 300 mm. Where outcrops of rock or murram
occur, these will be covered with suitable soil to a depth of 150 mm.
PART FOUR
CONCRETE WORK SPECIFICATIONS
CONCRETE WORK
GENERAL
A. AUTHORITATIVE STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE
The following authoritative standards are referred to hereinafter:
British Standard Specifications are published by the British Standards Institutions 2 Park Street London W.1, England (Abbreviated
in text to BS)
BS Date Title
12:Pt.2 1971 Portland cement (ordinary and rapid hardening)
812 1975 Methods for sampling and testing of mineral aggregates,

sand and fillers
882,1201: 1973 Aggregate from natural sources for concrete

Pt.2 (including granolithic)
1881: 1970-71 Methods of testing concrete
1926: 1962 Ready mixed concrete
2499: 1973 Hot applied joint sealants for concrete pavements
3148: 1959 Tests for water for making concrete
3921: 1974 Clay bricks and blocks
4251 1974 Truck type concrete mixers
4449: 1969 Hot rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete
4461 1969 Cold worked steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete
4466 1969 Bending dimensions and scheduling of bars for the reinforcement
of concrete
4483 1969 Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete
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American society for Testing and Materials Standard as published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race
St., Philadelphia PA 19103, U.S.A (abbreviated in text to ASTM)
ASTM Date Tile
C88- 73 Soundness of Aggregates by use of Sodium sulphate
C234- 71 Comparing Concretes on the basis of the Bond development

with Reinforcement steel
C282- 71 Potential Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method)
The following codes of practice are referred to hereinafter:
The British Standard Codes of Practice published by the Council of Codes of Practice, British Standards Institution 2 Park St, London W.I
England (Abbreviated in text to C.P)
C.P Date Title
110:Pt.1,2 &3 1972 The structural use of concrete
116:Pt.2 1976 Structural use of precast concrete
BS 5337: 1969 The structural use of concrete for retaining aqueous

liquids
Should the Contractor wish to substitute any other authoritative standard or code of practice for any listed above he should submit details of
any such together with two complete copies to the Engineer for approval with his Tender. Approval will only be given to the use of such
standards where the Engineer considers the proposed standard or code of practice will give a quality or finished work equal to or better than
the specified standard.
All insitu concrete shall be in accordance with CP 110 except where superseded by this Specification. All precast concrete shall be in
accordance with CP 116 except where superseded by this specification.
A. BENDING SCHEDULES
The Engineer will issue bar bending schedules in accordance with BS 4466. The Contractor should check these against the
drawings before any cutting bending or construction involving the schedule is started. Any discrepancy should be reported to the
Engineer immediately for his clarification. The contractor shall be responsible for any delays or additional work caused solely by his
failure to check the schedules.
B. APPROVALS
Well before construction commences the Contractor shall supply to the Engineer for his approval details of his proposed layouts of
concreting plant and on site workshop; details of formwork systems and the construction devices, e.g., cranes, chutes, scaffolding,
which he proposes to use for the structural work. The information is to be sufficiently detailed to enable the Engineer to approve or
otherwise.
The Contractor should note that further approvals are required by the Specification before construction starts. The contractor is
wholly responsible for obtaining these approvals and no claim for delays will be entertained due to the contractors failure to obtain
such approvals in adequate time.
CONCRETE WORK SPECIFICATIONS
MATERIALS
C. CEMENT
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Cement, unless otherwise specified, shall be ordinary Portland Cement complying with BS12. The contractor shall obtain a
manufacturer’s certificate of test in accordance with the appropriate standard for each consignment of cement delivered to the site
and shall immediately forward copies of the same to the Engineer for his retention.
Notwithstanding the manufacturer’s certificate the Engineer may require that any cement delivered to the site be sampled and
tested. Any batch so tested which fails to comply with this specification will be rejected.
All cement shall be delivered to the site in the original sealed bags of the manufacturer or in approved bulk containers.
Cement, unless delivered in bulk, shall be stored in a weatherproof shed, the floor of which shall be raised at least 150 mm above
the ground to allow free air circulation. Cement delivered in bulk shall be stored in a weatherproof silo. All cement shall at all times
be protected from deterioration.
Each consignment of cement shall be kept separate, identified and used in order of delivery. No two types of cement shall be used
in combination.
Any cement which upon inspection is considered by the Engineer to have deteriorated in any way will be rejected.
D. AGGREGATES OF CONCRETE
Aggregates for concrete shall, unless otherwise specified, be aggregates from natural sources complying with BS 882. Additionally,
the flakiness index when determined by the sieve method described in BS 812 shall not exceed 35 for any size of concrete
aggregate. Fine aggregate within or finer than zone 4 of BS 882 shall not be used.
When tested for soundness in accordance with ASTM Test C 88 -73 the loss of weight after 5 cycles shall not exceed 5 percent for
any aggregate.
Aggregate which is potentially reactive when tested in accordance with ASTM Test C289-71 for the alkali aggregate reaction shall
not be used. The standard for acceptance being that test shall plot to the left of the solid which is shown in figure 2 of the test
standard.
Well before any concreting work, the Contractor shall forward to the Engineer for approval details of his proposed source of supply
of aggregate giving the aggregate group classification and typical physical properties as required by BS 882.
The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a certificate for his retention showing that all aggregate regularly comply with the
requirements of his Specification.
The Engineer may require that any aggregate be tested for soundness in accordance with ASTM Test C88 - 73 before giving
approval to any proposed source of supply. The Engineer may require that any aggregate be tested for potential reactivity in
accordance with ASTM Test C289-71.
Notwithstanding any certificate of compliance, the Engineer may at any time require that any aggregate delivered to the site be
sampled and tested. Any aggregate so tested which fails to comply with this specification will be rejected.
Coarse aggregate shall be delivered ready screened or screened on site separate nominal single sizes within the limits given in BS
882.
Aggregates of different sizes of types shall be stored in different hoppers or different stockpiles or approved well drained paved areas which
shall be separated from each other.
Stockpiles shall be protected against contamination from any source.
Any aggregate which has become contaminated or which does not conform with the above requirements may be rejected by the Engineer.
E. WATER FOR USE WITH CEMENT
Water for use in mixing with cement or for curing concrete shall be from any approved source, clean, fresh and free from organic
and other deleterious matter.
The Engineer may require that any water be sampled and tested by the method given in BS 3148. Water failing the criteria given in
the appendix to BS 3148 will be rejected.
Water for use in mixing with cement shall neither be hotter than 25 degrees centigrade (77 degrees fahrenheit) nor colder than 5
degrees centigrade (41 degrees Fahrenheit) at the time of mixing.
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F. STEEL ROD REINFORCEMENT
Steel rod reinforcement shall consist of:
(a) Mild steel bar complying with BS 4449 or KS 02-22
(b) Hot rolled high yield bars complying with BS 4449.
(c) Cold worked high yield bars complying with BS 4461 as described in the drawing.
Where cold worked high yield bars are to be used these shall be square twisted bars formed by a torsion controlled process.
The contractor shall obtain a manufacturer’s certificate of test in accordance with the appropriate standard for each steel batch
relating to reinforcement delivered to site and shall immediately forward copies of the same to the Engineer for his retention.
Where hot rolled high yield deformed bar are to be used the results of bond tests to ASTM 234-71, using concrete of the same
quality as that to be used in the works, shall be forwarded to the Engineer.
Notwithstanding the manufacturer’s certificate, the Engineer may require that any reinforcement delivered to the site be sampled
and tested. Any reinforcement so sampled and tested which fails to comply with this specification will be rejected.
All reinforcement shall be stored in clean conditions in an orderly manner to the satisfaction of the Engineer such that the batch to
which each piece belongs can be readily identified.
G STEEL FABRIC REINFORCEMENT
Steel fabric reinforcement shall be electrically cross welded steel mesh reinforcement complying with BS 4483 and of the size and
weight specified and made of wire to B.S. 4482.
H TYING WIRE
Tying wire for fixing reinforcement shall be either:
(a) No. 16 gauge soft annealed iron wire, or
(b) No. 18 gauge stainless steel wire.
I SPACERS
Spacers block required for ensuring that the reinforcement is correctly positioned shall be as small as possible consistent with their
purpose, of a shape acceptance to the Engineer, and designed so that they will not overturn when the concrete is placed. Unless
otherwise approved they shall be made of concrete with 10 mm maximum aggregate size and mix proportions to produce the same
strength as the adjacent concrete.
Wire shall be cast in the block for the purpose of typing it to the reinforcement. Spacer block of concrete shall not be used until at
least 7 days old.
J ADMIXTURES
No admixtures or cements containing additives shall be used in concrete unless specified or approved by the engineer. Such
approval will not be given unless in the Engineer’s opinion specific benefit to the density or quality of the concrete will result.
K WALL TIES
Wall Ties between concrete and adjoining block or block walling shall be “Abbey” slots and anchors as supplied by Abbey Building
supplies Ltd or similar approved.
L JOINT FILLERS
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Joint fillers unless otherwise stated shall be “flexcell” as manufactured by Expandite Ltd, or similar approved and placed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
M JOINT SEALANTS
Joint sealants shall be as described in the drawings and approved by the Engineer. Sealant shall be used strictly in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions.
N HOLLOW CLAY POTS
Pots shall be burnt clay blocks conforming to BS 3921 or similar approved. They shall be true to shape and free from cracks or
distortion.
O WATER STOPS
Water stops unless otherwise stated shall be. Sika waterbar. As manufactured by Sika International or similar approved and placed
and jointed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
WORKMANSHIP
P FIXING STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcement shall be bent accurately in accordance with BS 4466 to the shape and dimensions shown in the schedules. All
reinforcement shall be bent at temperatures in the range of 5 and 100 degrees centigrade.
Cold worked or any high yield bars shall not be straightened or bent again once having been bent. When it is necessary to bend
mild steel reinforcement already cast in the concrete the internal diameter of such bends shall be not less than twice the diameter of
the bar.
No welding of reinforcement shall be carried out without the approval of the Engineer. All reinforcement shall at the time of concreting be free
from mud, oil mortar droppings, loose rust, paint grease, mill scale or other deleterious still “blue” from the mill shall not be used.
All reinforcement shall be fixed in the position shown on the Drawings by the adequate use of spacers, tying wires, chairs, stools etc., and
shall be so maintained during the concreting operations.
Laps in reinforcement shall be where indicated on the Drawings or approved by the Engineer. Unless otherwise indicated the minimum lap
length for rod reinforcement shall be 40 diameters and for mesh reinforcement two complete meshes.
A steel fixer shall be in attendance at all times when concreting is in progress to correct any errors, omissions or movement in the
reinforcement.
In severe test conditions reinforcement shall be shaded from direct sunlight and hosed down with clean water prior to concreting to keep the
reinforcement below 25 degrees centigrade (77 degrees Fahrenheit).
(a) Nominal Concrete Cover to Reinforcement
Unless otherwise directed the nominal concrete cover to steel reinforcing bars (including links and distribution) in any face shall be:-
Foundations against earth face 75mm

Foundation against blinding 50mm
Columns (main bars) 40mm
Slabs and stairs 20mm
Wall (main bars) 20mm
The tolerance on placing of bars achieve nominal cover  5mm
Q FORMWORK
Formwork shall include all temporary or permanent forms required for forming the concrete, together with all temporary construction
required for their support.
All formwork shall be so constructed that there shall be no loss of material from the concrete. After hardening the concrete shall be
in the position and of the sample, dimensions, and surface finish described in this specification or on the Drawings.
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Where internal metal ties are permitted they or their removable parts shall be extracted without damage to the concrete and the
remaining holes filled with mortar. No permanently embedded metal part shall have less cover than that indicated for adjacent steel
reinforcement.
When holes are to be provided in formwork for weep holes and the like they shall be neatly trimmed to fit the pipe and caulked with
the approved material to form a grout tight joint.
When concrete is to be deposited to a steeper slope than 15 degrees to the horizontal top forms shall be used to enable the
concrete to be properly compacted. The Engineer may require details and/or calculations of any proposed formwork to be submitted
for approval prior to work starting. Such approval if given shall not in any way relieve the contractor of his responsibilities for the
safety or adequacy of such for its purposes.
The inside surfaces of forms, except for permanent formwork, or unless agreed by the Engineer, shall be coated with an approved
material to prevent adhesion of the concrete. Such approved material shall be applied strictly and shall not come into contact with
reinforcement or other cast-in items.
Immediately before concreting all forms shall be thoroughly cleaned out. In the case of deep sections an opening shall be left at the
base to enable such cleaning to be adequately completed.
In the case of beams, slabs of like members the formwork shall be so arranged that the sides or edges may be removed without disturbance
to the soffit or propping system. The erection, easing and striking of the formwork shall be done under the personal supervision of a
competent foreman.
Formwork shall be struck at such a time and in such a manner as to cause no damage to the structure. The contractor shall inform the
Engineer before he intends to strike any formwork. The time at which the formwork is struck shall be the contractor’s responsibility but the
minimum periods between the completion of any concreting bay and the removal of forms shall be as follows:
Vertical formwork 24 hours

Soffits to beams 21 days
Soffits to slabs 14 days
Cantilevers 28 days
The periods given above are based on the removal of all props and formwork using ordinary portland cement under average weather
conditions or different cement may cause the above periods to be increased. Should the contractor wish to make use of reduced striking
times then he must satisfy the engineer that the strength of the concrete at such time and the structural system is adequate to withstand the
dead and imposed loads applied to it. Before making use of reduced striking times the Engineer’s agreement must be obtained in writing.
Where the structure is of multi storey construction props with head trees and braces shall be provided to distribute the imposed load below the
floor being cast. This will normally be 2 storey height below the floor being cast unless otherwise stated.
Where sawn formwork finish is specified or in all cases where no alternative finish is specified the surface of the concrete shall be not worse
then that obtained by the use of properly designed moulds of closed jointed sawn boards. Small surface blemishes caused by entrapped air
will be permitted but the surface should be free of voids, honeycombs or other defects.
Where “fair faced” finish is specified the irregularities of the finish shall be no greater than those obtained from the use of wrought thickened
square edge boards arranged in a uniform pattern. The concrete surface shall be smooth, free from fins, lippings, board marks or other
irregularities, and even with sharp true arises. Only very minor blemishes or voids shall occur and there shall be no staining or discolouration.
The finish is intended to be left as struck and the only treatment generally permitted is light manual abrasion with a carborundum stone to
remove minor marks. Patchint of any description will not normally be permitted.
Where a “fair faced” finish or other finish part from sawn formwork finish is specified the contractor shall provide a sample panel at least
2.4mxl.2m in vertical surface area including a typical horizontal and vertical joint in the shuttering. The sample panel shall be constructed
using the system of shuttering and the construction techniques that the contractor proposes for the actual works. The sample when approved
will form the standard for the entire works. All unsuccessful samples shall be removed from the site. Should any concrete in the works in the
opinion of the Engineer fail to match the standard sample in surface finish then the Engineer may for this sole reason order the removal of all
such substandard concrete which shall be replaced with acceptable concrete all at the contractor’s expense.
When the striking of formwork would in the opinion of the Engineer cause damage to or prejudice the safety of the structure the formwork shall
be left in. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the necessity for leaving in the formwork arises from the contractor’s method of working then the
cost shall be borne by the contractor, but if it is due to circumstances beyond his control then formwork shall be paid for at rates to be agreed.
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R. CONSTRUCTION, CONTRACTION AND EXPANSION JOINTS
Construction joints will be permitted only at the positions shown on the Drawings and as instructed on the site by the engineer.
These joints will in general be spaced to allow a maximum plan area for any bay of 100 sq.m. of maximum length of 12 m in any one
dimension.
Vertical construction joints shall be properly made to form a vertical grout tight joint. Where reinforcement passes through the face
of the joint the stopping off board shall be drilled so that the bars pass through, or
the board shall be made in sections with half round indentation in the joint faces for each bar. Under no circumstances shall
concrete when being deposited be allowed to, tail off. Construction joints formed with expanded metal or similar will not be permitted
for reinforced concrete work.
At all construction joints, both horizontal and vertical the surface of the already placed concrete shall be suitably roughened to
remove laitance and by exposing the coarse aggregate form a key for adjacent concrete. This work shall be carried out to the
satisfaction of the Engineer by the following or other approved method:
(a) After the initial set has taken place but before final set of coarse aggregate shall be
exposed by the use of a water jet and brushing
(b) After final set has taken place the laitance shall be removed and coarse aggregate shall be
exposed by bush hammering or chiselling.
In both cases the surface is to be thoroughly cleaned after roughening. At least 72 hours shall be left between completion of
concreting one bay and the start of concreting any adjacent bay. Contraction joints shall be formed as detailed where shown on the
drawings.
Expansion joints shall be formed as detailed at the positions shown on the drawings.
S. CONCRETE MIXES - DESIGNS MIX
Mixes for each class of concrete specified or shown on the drawings shall be designed by the contractor to achieve the specified
minimum cube strength combined with high density and adequate workability for the purpose. In order to allow for unavoidable
variation the design strength should exceed the specified works cube strength by twice the expected standard deviation. In the
absence of previous information a standard deviation of 7MN/M2 should be assumed.
Details of any proposed mix design shall be forwarded to the Engineer not less than 60 days before that class of concrete is required
to be used on the work for his approval in principle. The details shall include at least the following information:-
(a) Source nature and grading of coarse and fine aggregate.

(b) Source of cement
(c) Nominal maximum size of aggregate
(d) Cement content
(e) Aggregate/Cement ratio
(f) Water/Cement ratio
(g) Design density
(h) Design slump or compacting factor
(i) Design strength
Classes of concrete will be referred to by the minimum 28 days work cube strength and the maximum size of aggregate. Classes of
concrete shall meet the criterial shown in Table I. The maximum water/cement ratio is herein defined as the ratio of the weight of
the “free” water to the weight of the cement. The “free” water is that quality of water available for cement. Any water required to be
absorbed by aggregate is excluded.
The workability of the concrete shall be the minimum consistent with producing a dense, well compacted mass. Due regard shall be
paid to size and shape of the section together with any congestion of reinforcement.
After the Engineer has approved a design mix in principle the contractor shall prepare a trial mix on site using the plant and
materials intended for the works. Each batch of concrete shall be sampled and the following prepared, in accordance with BS1881:
(a) Nine 150 mm cubes, three for test at 7 days, three for test at 14 days and three for test at
28 days; and
(b) Three slump tests or where the design slump is less than 25 mm then
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(c) Three compacting factor tests.
No structural concrete shall be placed in the works until the Engineer has approved the preliminary tests. Thereafter, the approved
mix proportions shall be adhered to throughout the work and may only be varied with the prior approval of the Engineer.
S. CONCRETE MIXES - NOMINAL MIXES
Mixes for each class of concrete specified of shown on the Drawings shall be used by the contractor. They shall be mixed to
achieve high density combined with adequate workability for the purpose.
Details of any proposed mix shall be forwarded to the Engineer not less than 5 days before that class of the concrete is required to
be used on the works for his approval in principle.
Classes of concrete will be referred to by their nominal mix proportions. Classes of concrete shall meet the criteria show in Table II.
The workability of the concrete shall be the minimum consistent with producing a dense, well-compacted mass. Due regard shall be
paid to the size and shape of the section together with any congestion of reinforcement. The Engineer may at his discretion require
preliminary tests of concrete quality for nominal mixes unless satisfactory evidence of strength is produced from reliable sources.
Where required, these tests shall be in accordance with BS 1881.
U. CONCRETE MIXES - GENERAL

The standard of acceptance of any preliminary tests will be similar to the standard for normal works cubes, slump or compacting
factor, except that the minimum cube strengths required shall be those given
“minimum Preliminary cube strength at 28 days” in Table I or II.
For all structural concrete the following representative samples shall be taken and tested in accordance with BS 1881.
One each day on which less than 50 cu.m of concrete is being poured:
(a) six 150mm cubes - three for test at 7 days and three for test at 28 days; and
(b) two slump tests; or
(c) two compacting factor tests
On any day when greater qualities of concrete are being poured then six additional cube tests and two additional slump or
compacting factor tests shall be carried out for each 50 cu.m or part thereof.
All cubes shall be marked with the date of casting and a reference number. For each cube a record shall be kept of the position in
which the batch of concrete from which it was sampled was placed. All cubes shall be tested by an approved testing authority.
The concrete cubes tested at 7 days are intended to be indicative only and the target works strengths at 7 days given in Table I are
not normally mandatory. It should be noted however, that it is unlikely that cubes failing the 7 days target will subsequently pass the
28 days cube strength. The concrete cubes tested 28 days shall be taken to represent the concrete placed in the works. The
standard of acceptance for cube strength tests shall be as follows:
The cube strength shall be calculated from the maximum load sustained by the cube at failure. The appropriate strength
requirements as given in Table I, shall be considered to be satisfied if
(a) None of the strength of the three cubes is below the specified cube strength, or if
(b) The average strength of the three cubes is not less than the specified cube strength and the
difference between the greatest and the least strengths is not more than 20 percent of that
average.
The standard of acceptance for the slump test during the production of concrete shall be the design slump +/- 25mm. The standard
of acceptance for the compaction factor test during the production of concrete shall be design compacting factor +/-0.03.
Any concrete which fail to meet the above standards of acceptance shall be either further tested or condemned at the Engineer’s
sole discretion. Any such tests or the removal of condemned concrete, replacement and associated costs shall be at the
contractor’s expense. If the strengths required are not attained or maintained throughout the contract will also be required to
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redesign the mix and resubmit trial mixes in accordance with clause 04.00 of this specification so as to give a concrete which does
comply with requirements of this specification.
Mass concrete shall normally be a 1:3:6 mix unless otherwise specified.

Blinding concrete shall normally be a 1:4:8 mix unless otherwise specified.
V. READY MIXED CONCRETE

Ready mixed concrete shall be used only with the approval of the Engineer. When such approval is given it shall be supplied in
accordance with BS 1926 except where this conflicts with this specification shall prevail.
Truck mixer units and their mixing and discharge performance shall comply with the requirements of BS 4251.
The use of ready mixed concrete shall not relieve the contractor of any of his obligations and the appropriate clauses of this
specification shall apply equally to the ready mixed concrete.
Concrete test cubes and slump tests shall be taken on the site at the point and time of discharge in accordance with this
specification irrespective of any cubes that the supplier may take at his own works.
W. MIXING AND TRANSPORTING CONCRETE

All materials for concrete shall be measured by weight in approved weight batching equipment. Such equipment shall be checked
at weekly intervals at the contractor’s expense and shall be accurate to within 2 percent. Certificates of accuracy shall be submitted
immediately to the Engineer.
All concrete shall be mixed in approved power driven mixers of a type and capacity suitable for the work. The mixers shall be
checked at weekly intervals at the contractor’s expense. Certificates of accuracy shall be submitted immediately to the Engineer.
All materials shall be thoroughly mixed before water is added and the mixing of each batch shall continue for a period of not less
than two minutes after the water is added or such longer period as recommended by the manufacturer of the mixer. The mixture
shall be of uniform colour and distribution on discharge and the entire contents of the mixer shall be discharged before recharging.
The volume of mixed material shall not exceed the rated capacity of the mixer.
Mixers shall at all times be kept in a clean condition. Prior to the first mix each day being agitated in the mixer a rich cement/sand
mix shall be used to cast the inside of the drum, the surplus material being emptied away and not used in the works.
The moisture content of the coarse and fine aggregate shall be checked by the contractor at frequent intervals and the amount of
water added to the mix adjusted to maintain the design workability. Concrete shall be discharged from the mixer onto a clean, level,
water-tight platform or into a clean watertight container. It shall be transported in a manner which ensures that it is of the correct
quality and consistency at the point of deposition. All platforms and containers shall be cleaned of the old concrete before the fresh
concrete is discharged onto them.
Concrete shall not be dropped from a height, thrown or otherwise treated so that segregation, undesirable finish, or defective
structure quality results.
No extra water shall be added to the concrete mix after it has left the mixer. The concrete shall take adequate precautions to protect
concrete in transit from the effects of the weather.
Pumping of concrete, which will require a special design mix, will only be permitted with the approval of the Engineer. Should the
concreting be stopped due to mechanical malfunction, accident, or other similar cause then the contractor shall inform the Engineer
immediately so that necessary measures and precautions can be taken. The cost of any additional work by these stoppages shall
be the responsibility of the contractor.
X. PLACING AND COMPACTING CONCRETE

All concrete shall be vibrated unless otherwise specified. The vibration shall be carried out by experienced operators and with
immersion type vibrators to the Engineer’s satisfaction.
Placing of concrete shall be carried out in layers not exceeding 60mm deep and in sequence from one end of the form to the other.
Concrete in foundation and other underground work shall be protected from contamination with fallen earth or rock during and after
placing.
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Any concrete which shows signs of intital setting before or during placing shall not be used, it shall be removed at the contractor’s
expense. Sufficient vibrators shall be provided to correspond with the rate of deposition of concrete. The vibration shall be
continuous throughout the placing of the concrete. Standby vibrators shall be on site during all concrete placing.
Vibration must not be allowed to disturb any recently placed concrete that has begun to set. Any water accumulating on the surface
of newly placed concrete shall be removed by approved means and no further concrete shall be placed thereon until such water is
removed.
Suitable means shall be provided to ensure that the temperature of the concrete on placing does not exceed 30 degrees centigrade
(86 degrees Fahrenheit). Concrete shall not be placed around reinforcement or against surfaces which are at temperatures above
30 degrees centigrade (86 degrees Fahrenheit). All surfaces shall be thoroughly damped immediately prior to placing fresh
concrete to prevent excessive absorption of water.
Y. UNFORMED FINISHES FOR CONCRETE

Where a concrete surface is specified for receiving a further applied finish or in all cases where no other finish is specified the
concrete shall be uniformly levelled and screeded to produce a ridged surface. No further work shall be applied to the surface.
Where a concrete surface is specified as exposed with no further applied finish the concrete shall be uniformly levelled and
screeded to produce a plain surface. After the concrete has hardened sufficiently, the surface shall be hand or machine floated
sufficiently only to produce a uniform surface free from screed marks.
Z. CURING AND PROTECTING CONCRETE
Immediately after compacting and for 7 days thereafter concrete shall be protected against harmful effects of weather including rain,
rapid temperatures changes, and from drying out. The methods of protection
used shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. The method of curing used shall prevent loss of moisture from the concrete.
During the curing period horizontal surfaces shall be protected by the following or other approved means:
(a) Covering with damp hessian canvas sacks or similar absorbent materials kept constantly
damp and wholly covering the exposed concrete surface.
(b) Covering with an impermeable material raised approximately 50mm over the surface so to prevent loss of moisture
(c) An approved membrane curing compound.
During the curing period other surfaces shall be protected by the following or other approved means:
(a) Formwork in close contact with the concrete but kept cool at all times.
(b) Direct and continuous application of water preferably in the form of mist so as not to
damage the surface.
(c) Covering as (a) to (c) above
All concrete faces or edges, particularly those which are exposed without rendering in the final structure, shall be adequately
protected from damage and discolouration at all times.
Concrete structures shall not be loaded until the concrete is at least 21 days old or 28 days in the case of cantilevers. With the prior
approval of the Engineer the structure may be loaded after this time but in no case will loading greater than the final design loading
be permitted.
AA. TOLERANCE
All in situ concrete work shall be dimensionally accurate to within the following tolerances:
(a) Between the centre line of principal members columns or beams
+/- 5mm up to 15 metres c/c
+/- 10mm over 15 metres c/c
Note the +/- 10mm tolerance shall not be accumulative.
(b) In storey height
+/- 5mm floor to floor
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(c) In plumbness of columns and walls
+/-10mm on any storey or overall the structure
(d) In level of floors
+5mm/- 3mm of the true prescribed horizontal surface level.
(e) In cross sectional dimensions of column beams and walls +5mm/-3mm in any dimension
up to 2 metres overall
(f) Cover to reinforcement
+5mm/-0 of the stated covers
AB. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
Holes, chases, indentations and the like shall be provided where indicated on the Drawings. All such shall be formed in the concrete
and not cut after the concrete has hardened.
Should the contractor or any sub-contractor require additional hoes or the like these requirements shall be submitted to the Engineer
for his approval prior to concreting.
Pipes, conduits, fixing bolts and other such cast-in items shall be provided where indicated on the Drawings.
Should the contractor or any sub-contractor require additional cast-in items these requirements shall be submitted to the Engineer
for his approval prior to concreting. Hollow pots shall be laid in the position shown on the Drawings, care being taken to ensure that
the units maintain the full specified rib widths throughout. The gaps between adjacent units shall not exceed 3mm.
AC. PRECAST CONCRETE
The materials for precast work shall be similar to the materials for in situ work. The workmanship for precast work shall comply with
CP 116 except where this conflicts with this specification when the specification shall prevail.
The contractor shall prepare, for each type of precast unit, a drawing indicating his proposed formwork construction, casting
methods, de-moulding and handling procedure for the Engineer’s approval.
Moulds and formwork shall be so constructed that the dimensions of the finished concrete members are within the specified
permissible tolerance given clause 407 of CP 116: part 2:1969.
Where precast concrete is described as “fair faced” the mould shall be of metal, or are to have metal or hardboard linings, or are to
be other approved moulds which will produce a smooth, dense fair face to the finished concrete and free from all shutter marks,
holes, pitings, etc.
Precast concrete shall be made of the mixes described on the drawings in suitable moulds, true in form to the shapes required
thoroughly tamped into the moulds and around reinforcement and vibrated. All precast work shall be carried out under cover and
the period before removal from forms and the period of storing shall be determined and agreed by the Engineer and contractor with
due regard to the type of unit, i.e. load bearing or non-load bearing, difficulties of casting, projections, holes and other points which
require particular attention.
The method of lifting, position of lifting points and curing time before lifting shall be agreed with the Engineer before casting of any
units.
Extreme care should be taken when handling precast units and any units damaged during the transporting and/ or positioning shall
be replaced at the contractor’s expense.
AD. CONCRETE FOR WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES
Concrete and its constituents for water retaining structures, in addition to the general and particular provisions in this specification
shall comply with the following requirements in this section. In addition to the requirements of clause 4.5 aggregates for concrete in
water retaining structures shall have a low drying shrinkage and absorption, as measured in accordance with BS 812 not greater
than 3 percent. The Engineer may before approval is given to an aggregate or at any time thereafter require that the aggregate be
tested for absorption in accordance with BS 812. Any aggregate failing to comply with this specification will be rejected.
In addition to the requirements of clause 4.20 concrete for the water retaining structures shall have a maximum cement content of
400 kg/m3.
Blinding concrete under water retaining structures shall be a maximum of 75 mm thick and shall be in class 15/40 concrete.
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Class 15/40 concrete shall comply with the following requirements:-

Minimum works cube strength at 28 days 15MN/M2
Maximum size of aggregate 40mm

Mix proportions 1 cement:2.5 fine aggregate:
5 course aggregate
This is a nominal mix and no cubes will be required to be taken.
For water retaining structures the provisions of clause 4.19 paragraph are modified. The construction joints will in general be
spaced to allow a maximum plan area for any bay of 40 sq.m or maximum lengths of 7.5m in any one dimension.
For water retaining structures the provisions of clause 4.19 paragraph five are modified. At least 96 hours shall be left between
completion of concreting one bay and the start of concreting any adjacent bay.
A kicker of minimum height 150mm shall be cast integrally with the base slab for all water retaining structures.
The surface of all concrete for water retaining structures shall not be permitted to dry out even after the 7 days curing period
specified in clause 4.27.
All pipes passing through concrete walls or slabs for water retaining structures shall be cast in at the time of concreting and not
subsequently fitted. All such pipes shall be provided with a puddle flange fitted to form a seal against the pipe and of an outside
diameter 20mm greater than the outside diameter of the pipe.
Joint sealants shall be applied not less than 7 days after completion of the structure.
On completion of the water structure at a time decided by the Engineer it shall be tested for water-tightness in the following manner.
Structures which are elevated shall be filled at a uniform rate not exceeding 1 metre rise in head per 24 hours and allowed to absorb
water for 3 days. After this period the water level shall be brought up to the top water level and left for 7 days. During this period the
exposed faces shall show no sign of leakage and shall remain apparently dry. Structures founded on or in the ground shall be
tested prior to backfilling unless otherwise stated. The structure shall be filled as specified above. After filling to top water level no
further water shall be introduced for the next 7 days. The structure will be deemed to be watertight if at the expiration of this time the
total drop in surface level does not exceed 10mm after making due allowance for evaporation and absorption and no signs of
leakage are observed.
Water for testing shall be provided at the contractor’s expense.
If the structure fails the test above any defects shall be made good or such taken to eliminate leakage as the Engineer shall direct.
All such work shall be at the contractor’s expense.
After completion of any repairs the structure shall be retested using the procedure specified above.
Swimming pools should be tested prior to applying internal finishes.
(a) Precast Concrete
General
Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, all precast concrete construction shall be carried out on the Site and shall
conform to requirements given elsewhere in these preambles.
The maximum size of coarse aggregate concrete shall not exceed 20mm except for thickness less than 75mm where it
shall not exceed 10mm.
The compacting of precast concrete shall conform with requirements given elsewhere in these preambles except for thin
slabs where use of immersion type vibrators is not practicable. The
Concrete in these slabs may be consolidating on a vibrating table or by any other methods approved by the Engineer.
Steam curing of precast concrete will be permitted. The procedure for steam curing shall be subject to the approval of the
Engineer.
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The precast work shall be made under cover and shall remain under the same for seven days. During this period and for
a further seven days the concrete shall be shielded by sacking or other approved materials kept constantly wet. It shall
then be stacked in the open for at least a further seven days to season before being set in position. Where steam curing
is used these times may be reduced subject to the approval of the Engineer.
Precast concrete units shall be constructed in individual forms. The method of handling the precast concrete units after
casting, during curing and during transport an direction shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer, providing that
such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of responsibility for damage to precast concrete units resulting from careless
handling.
Repair of damage to the precast concrete units, except for minor abrasions of the edges which will not impair the
installation and/or appearance of the units will not be permitted and the damaged units shall be replaced by the Contractor
at his own expense.
Except where precast work is described as "fair face" or as having "exposed aggregate" or terazzo finishes the moulds
shall be made of suitable strong sawn timber true in form to the shapes required. Unless otherwise described faces are to
be left rough from the sawn moulds.
Where precast work is described as "fair face" the moulds are to be made of metal or are to have metal or plywood linings
or are to be other approved moulds which will produce a smooth dense fair face to the finished concrete suitable to
receive a painted finish direct and free from shutter marks, holes, pittances, etc. In his prices for such precast work the
Contractor shall include for all rubbing down to produce the finish required to the satisfaction and approval of the Engineer.
Where precast work is to have an "exposed aggregate" or terrazzo finish the moulds shall be constructed to the
requirements given for moulds "finished fair" work. The method of achieving the exposed aggregate finish shall be
aggregate transfer" or other approved method.
(b) Precast Concrete Cladding Units
These shall be cast to the general details shown on the drawings. The Contractor shall submit working/shop drawings for
each type of the cladding panels to the Engineer for approval before he commences casting operations
The panels shall be cast in special yards and shall be cured adequately before being hoisted into position in the structure,
taking care that no parts are broken in the process. The units shall then be joined together with insitu concrete and flexibility
connected to the top and bottom beams to allow for limited movement of the combined unit.
(c)Hollow Block Suspended Construction (Composite Floor Slab)
Concrete hollow blocks for use in the composite floor slabs shall be of the standard sizes required or a shown on the
drawings and are to be of adequate strength to support the concrete during placing and consolidation by vibration. Blocks
are to be manufactured in accordance with the procedure specified in B.S. 6073 and to be of a mix not weaker than 1:4:8
cement: sandstone using maximum 10mm size aggregate.
Concrete blocks are to be cured for at least 28 days before use on the site. During the first seven days of curing, blocks
are to be kept permanently damp and protected from exposure to sun and wind.
Concrete blocks are to be well wetted before the pouring of cement.
Hollow clay filler blocks for use in the composite floor slabs are to be of the sizes shown on the drawings and to be of
adequate strength to support the concrete during placing and consolidation by vibration. They shall be obtained from an
approved manufacturer. Before any orders are placed, at least 6 sample clay blocks shall be provided for the approval of
the Engineer. Any clay blocks subsequently delivered to site which ion the opinion of the Engineer are not of equal
standard to the approved samples shall be rejected.
Rejected blocks shall immediately be removed from the site and shall not be used in the works. Clay blocks are to be fully
cured before delivery or use on site.
Clay blocks are to be well wetted before pouring of concrete.
(d) Composite Floor Construction
The hollow block floor construction is generally to be as shown on the Engineer's Drawings.
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Care shall be taken in placing blocks to ensure that they are set out in accordance with the details shown on the Drawings
and that they run truly in line without encroaching on the width of the insitu ribs.
The open ends of hollow blocks, if adjacent to concrete to be placed insitu are to be plugged or stopped to prevent the
concrete from flowing into the void and the Contractor is to include for this in his prices.
The Contractor should note that slip tiles are not to be used to the Soffits if ribs and he is to take this into consideration in
pricing the items of formwork to the soffit of hollow block floor construction. Before concreting is carried out the blocks are
to be thoroughly wetted.
Care should be taken during concreting that the width of ribs between the rows of blocks and the solid insitu concrete
shown on the Drawings adjacent to supporting beams is not encroached upon by the blocks.
It is essential that the concrete topping be poured at the same time as the ribs between hollow blocks.
Reinforcement shall be positioned accurately with required cover in accordance with the drawings and using the particular
spacing blocks with wire ties as previously described. Spacer blocks shall be provided in ribs at not more that 0.2 m
Centres. Care must be taken during concreting that the reinforcement is not displaced.
Where holes or services occur, the necessary holes or pockets shall be accommodated by the replacing of a hollow block
or insitu concrete or the widening of a rib all in accordance with the Engineer's instructions.
Prices for such holes through block construction are to include the rearrangement or substitution of the hollow block with
solid concrete in addition to the actual formation of the hole.
PART FIVE
WALLING SPECIFICATIONS
MATERIALS
A. CEMENT
Cement used for making mortar shall be as described in concrete work.
B. LIME
The lime for making mortar shall be obtained from an approved source and shall comply with BS 890 Class A for non-hydraulic lime.
The lime to be run to putty in an approved lined pit or container. The water to be first run into the pit or container and the lime to be
added until it is completely submerged, stirred vigorously until all lumps are disintegrated and shall be kept constantly covered with
water and regularly stirred for at least four weeks. The resulting milk-lime then to be through a fine sieve and run into a pit or other
container and kept clean and moist for not less than two weeks before being used in the works and moist for not less than two
weeks before being used in the works.
C. SAND
Sand used for making mortar shall be clean well graded siliceous sand of good sharp hard quality equal to samples which shall be
deposited with and approved by the Architect. It shall be free from lumps of stone, earth, loam, dust, salt, organic matter and other
deleterious substances, passed through a fine sieve and washed with clean water if so directed by the Architect.
D. WATER
Shall be as described in “concrete work”.
E. CONCRETE BLOCKS
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Concrete blocks shall comply with the requirements of BS 2028, 1384 except where amended or extended by the following clause.
Blocks shall have square arrises and corners. For fairfaced work damage to arises and corners shall not exceed the removal of
6mm of the blocks depth or thickness.
Concrete blocks shall have a minimum crushing strength of 3.5 N/mm2 except when below the damp course level or in contact with
soil when they shall have a minimum crushing strength of 7 N/mm2, unless noted otherwise on drawings.
Hollow concrete blocks shall not be used below the damp course level or in contact with soil.
Concrete blocks used for external walls shall be class ‘A’ and for internal load bearing walls they shall be at least Class ‘B’. Class ‘C’
blocks shall only be used for non-load bearing partitions.
No precast blocks shall be incorporated into the work unless approved by the Architect. The delivery of present blocks from which
samples tested do not comply with this specification shall be deemed defective. Any work constructed with blocks from which
samples tested do not comply with this specification shall be deemed to be defective.
From every 1,000 precast concrete blocks delivered to site ten blocks samples shall be provided for testing. The precast block
samples shall be selected in accordance with BS2028, 1364. Samples of precast concrete blocks for testing shall be tested for the
following properties in accordance with the methods given in BS 2028, 1364 and the test results shall comply with the requirements
of BS 2018, 1364 except where amended by this specification:-
(a) Drying shrinkage
(b) Compressive strength or transverse breaking load (as applicable)
(c) Wetting expansion*
(d) Density
(e) Dimensional Tolerance
(f) Cavity size
*Test only applicable for concrete blocks made with clinker aggregate.
Blocks shall also be tested to determine the suction rate. The test shall consist of weighing the block, placing in a tray of water such
that only 3mm of the block side is immersed for a period of sixty seconds +/- 2 seconds; quickly wiping off excess water and
reweighing. The suction rate is the increase in weight due to water absorbed and shall not exceed 2 kg/m2/minute. Blocks which
have a suction rate exceeding 2kg/m2/minute may be used if the contractor uses an approved water reactive additive in the mortar
or can show that the blocks will have a suction rate not exceeding 2kgm2/minute for a period of 24 hours from being laid and
provided the blocks comply with all other requirements.
Concrete blocks shall be stacked on prepared dry areas free of clinker, ashes and sulphate bearing strata . Blocks of different
strengths shall be stacked separately and clearly marked to differentiate the strengths. Blocks shall not be used for a minimum of 7
days after manufacture and shall not be loaded for at least 14 days after laying. For the first 7 days after manufacture, block shall
be cured by maintaining in a damp condition, e.g. covering with polythene sheeting after wetting blocks.
F. HOLLOW CLAY BLOCKS

Hollow clay partition blocks shall comply with the provisions of BS 1190 section 1 and are to be hard, well burnt, true to size and
shape and with sharp arrises and keyed faces and joints are to be obtained from an approved manufacturer and to be equal in every
respect to a sample to be deposited with, and approved by the Architect.
Blocks are to be 190 mm high (to give 200mm height including the joint) and of the thickness given herein. Cutting of blocks is to be
avoided wherever possible and full use is to be made of quarter, half and three quarter blocks, and blocks with conduit recesses.
G. LOUVRE BLOCK WALLING

i) To be precast concrete mix 1:1.5:3 or 25N/mm2 (12mm aggregate) but with 10mm finished fair
on all exposed surfaces, built in cement and sand (1:5) mortar with straight horizontal and vertical joints to flush pointed
both sides.
ii) Each block to be size 200mm x 400mm x 200mm high and consisting of two ends each 200m x
200mm x 50mm thick joined with a 50 mm thick twice cranked lourve with top end of lourve projecting 40mm above top of
block..
H. STONE
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All stone shall comply with the requirements of CP121.202 for masonry and rubble walls respectively except where amended or
extended by the following clauses.
Unless otherwise noted, all masonry walls shall be course squared rubble walling with mortar joints. The size of stones for rubble
walling shall be such that the length of stone does not exceed three times its height. For coursed squared rubble walls block shall
not exceed 300 mm in height and shall be not less than 150 mm in height.
Where snecked rubble walls are specified; the snecks shall not be less than 100mm square on the exposed face. Stone for
masonry shall have a minimum compressive strength of 10 N/mm2. (stone shall not be required to be tested to failure). The density
of stone for masonry shall be not less than 230 kg/m3. The drying shrinkage of stone shall not exceed 0.05%.
Samples of stone provided for testing shall be tested for the following in accordance with the methods given in Bs 2028, 1364 and
the test results shall comply with the requirements of this specification.
(a) Compressive strength

(b) Density
(c) Drying shrinkage
The colour and texture of stone shall be uniform and consistent. Prior to delivering any stone to site the contractor shall supply the
Architect with a sample of stone in order that he may approve the colour and texture. The contractor shall ensure that sufficient
suitable stone is available for the whole of the project prior to ordering the stone.
Where cast stone including described as artificial stone, reconstructed stone, etc., is specified the stone shall comply with the
requirements of BS 1217. Masonry shall be of stone, having no irregular faces and only the back face if not visible shall be left as
from the saw.
Prior to ordering dry stone the contractor shall demonstrate that the stone is durable. This may be done by supplying details of
building constructed with stone from the same quarry and which has been exposed to the same environment condition for at least
ten years. The maximum projection from the face of stone for rubble walls shall be 20mm beyond the specified face of the wall.
The contractor shall provide six samples of stone measuring 150mm x 150mm for testing prior to delivering any stone to site. As
work proceeds the contractor shall provide six samples 150 x150 x 150mm for testing from every 300m2 of work. All stone shall be
stacked on prepared dry areas free of clinker, ashes and sulphate bearing strata.
I. WALL REINFORCEMENT
Where described walls and partitions shall be reinforced with a 25mm wide strip of No.20S.W.G hoop iron built into alternate
horizontal joints in the wall centre. The reinforcement shall be lapped and hooked at running joints, angles and intersections and
carried at least 115mm into abutting walls at junctions.
J. WALL TIES
To be 3mm diameter galvanized mild steel wire twisted butterfly wall ties
K. DAMP - PROOF COURSES

The bituminous felt sheeting for damp-proof courses shall be hessian based bituminous felt complying with BS743 TYPE 4A
weighing not less than 3.85 Kgs per square metre. The sheeting is to be lapped 150mm at running joints and the full width of walls
at angles.
WORKMANSHIP
L. CEMENT MORTAR
Mortar described as cement mortar 1:4 shall be composed of 1 cubic metre (1498 Kgs) of Portland Cement and 4 cubic metres of
sand. Other mixes such as 1:3, 1:5 etc. shall be similarly construed.
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M. MIXING MORTAR
The constituent materials shall be measured separately when dry in specially prepared gauge boxes of sizes to give the proportions
specified without consolidation of the contents by ramming and shaking. The mortar shall be mixed in an approved power driven
mixer for not less than two minutes per batch and using the minimum quantity of water necessary to obtain a working consistency.
The mixer shall be used as close as practicable to the works and mortar shall be used within 30 minutes of mixing. No partially or
wholly set mortar will be allowed to be used or re-mixed.
N. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION
(a) Setting out
The contractor shall provide proper setting out rods and set out all work on same for course, openings, heights etc., and
shall build the walls, piers etc., to the widths, depths and heights indicated on the Drawings and as directed by the
Architect.
(b) Building in Wood Frames
Openings for doors, ventilators etc., are to be set out and left unbuilt until the wooden frames have been fixed in position.
(c) Building in Metal windows and doors
Openings for metal frames to be wide enough for the frames to fit without being forced into position. Build the lugs into the
joints of the walling and fill into the space between the walling and frames with cement mortar well tamped into the channel
of the frames and point all round externally.
All frames must be set plumb and level and free from twist.
(d) Walls to Receive Plaster & Similar Finishes

All faces of walls to be plastered etc., to have all projections dressed off and joints raked out as key.
O. BUILDING WALLING
(a) Laying and Jointing

All blocks shall be well wetted before being laid and the top of walling where left off shall be well wetted before
commencing. Walls to be kept wet three days after building. All walls throughout the works shall be carried up evenly in
200mm courses except where courses of less depth are required to bring walling up to level of floors, windows and the like
and where otherwise described, no part being allowed to be carried up more than one metre higher at one time than any
other part and in such cases the joining shall be made in long steps so as to prevent cracks arising and all walls shall be
levelled round at each stage. Not more than 3 metres height of wall shall be laid in any one day.
(b) Bonding
The blocks shall be properly bonded together and in such a manner that no vertical joint in any one course shall be within
115mm of a similar in the courses immediately above or below. All walling of 300mm thickness or less shall be built in
single thickness of blocks. Walling exceeding 300mm in thickness shall be built with through bonders not more than
1070mm apart in each course as directed by the Architect.
Alternate courses of walling at all angles and intersections shall be carried through the full thickness of the adjoining wall.
All perpends, reveals and other angles of the walling shall be built strictly true and square.
(c) Tolerances
All courses of walls shall be level with a maximum deviation of +/- 3mm in any one metre length and a maximum overall
deviation on 10mm for lengths of wall exceeding 3 metres. Walls shall be plumb with a maximum deviation of +/- 3mm in
any metre height of wall with a maximum deviation of +/-10 mm in the total height of the wall or any storey.
All corners of walls which are shown as being at right angles shall be square with a maximum deviation of 3 in 1000. All
walls should be straight with a maximum deviation of +/-3mm in any one metre length and a maximum overall deviation of
10mm in any length exceeding 3 metres.
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All bed and vertical joints shall be an average of 10mm thick with a maximum deviation of +/-3mm of blockwork, and stone
rubble walls. Joints for stone masonry walls shall be 6mm +/- 1 mm thick.
(d) Curing
All walls shall be maintained in a damp condition for at least 24 hours after laying. Walls under construction shall be
dampened by applying water with a brush and no hosing directly on to the wall shall be permitted. When work ceases on
any section of wall polythene or hessian shall be draped over the wall, for at least 24 hours. If hessian is used, it shall be
maintained continuously wet.
(e) Cavities
Cavity walls shall be of the overall thickness shown on the drawings.
Cavities above ground level between leaves of block or masonry shall be free of mortar droppings or ther debris. The
Contractor shall take proper precautions to prevent mortar or debris entering the cavity.
Cavity below ground level shall be filled with mortar for cavities up to 75mm wide and for cavities over 75mm wide filling
shall be concrete mix 1:3:6. Cavities shall be filled such that there is maximum of three times the thickness of the thinner
leaf of the wall filled with wet mortar or concrete unless the wall is continuously supported for the depth.
(f) Backfilling
Earth backfilling against walls shall be carried our such that the level of the backfill is always equal on each side of the
wall. When a wall has filling material on one side only to a fill width of more than three times the wall thickness, the wall
shall be continuously supported during backfilling.
Backfilling shall not be carried out until at least seven days have elapsed since the laying of the blocks or stone.
(P) REINFORCEMENT WALLS
Steel reinforcing bars in walls shall be carefully placed and spacers used to ensure that a minimum of 20mm cover is given to the
reinforcement unless otherwise specified.
Horizontal reinforcement in mortar joints shall be laid such that the reinforcement is not contact with the blocks or stone.
Q. WALL TIES
Wall ties shall be provided to connect walls to steel or concrete columns and beams to connect two unbounded leaves of wall.
Walls ties shall be provided at 450mm centre both vertically and 900mm centres horizontally and shall be staggered when used to
connect two leaves of unbonded wall. Wall ties shall be embedded to each material by a minimum of 50mm.
R. FAIR FACE
All concrete and hollow clay blockwork described as finished with a fair face is to be built to a true and even face with the joints
finished as specified hereinafter.
S. POINTING
Pointing of walls shall be carried out as the work proceeds wherever possible. When coloured mortar is specified for pointing only
the pointing shall be carried out after work has been completed.
Existing walls shall be prepared for pointing by raking out all loose friable material to a minimum depth of 15mm to form a square
recess. The joints shall then be wetted and new mortar shall be forced into joints and finished as directed.
T. HOLES, CUTTING AND CHASING
(a) All putlog holes shall be not less than one course deep and carefully filled with a block
cut to fit size of opening with beds and joints filled with mortar well tamped in after scaffolding is removed, and if in faced
walls to match facing.
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(b) Where walling is cut, holed or chased for conduits, pipes and the like all such cuttings
etc., shall be filled in solid with cement mortar (1:4) prior to the application of finishes.
PART SIX
ROOFING, WATERPROOFING & RAIN WATER PIPES SPECIFICATIONS
ROOFING, WATERPROOFING & RAIN WATER PIPES
A. TILE ROOFING
(i) Tiles are to be uniform in size and shape, free from cracks, twists and other blemishes
and are to be true after fixing on the roof.
(ii) Unless specified all tile battens are to be 50 x 25 mm fin sawn celcured Podo Carpus or
Cypress continuously and securely spiked at raters at such centres up the roof to suit the pitch of the tiles. (In addition
Roman tiles Roofs are to have 75 x 50 mm counter battens to suit).
(iii) Mangolore, Brosley, Roman and Pan tiles are to be purchased from Clayworks Ltd.
Cement tiles shall be purchased from Manson Hart Limited and Mareba Enterprises Limited or any other approved
manufacturers and shall be laid in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and shall be completed with left hand
verge tiles and fascia tiles nailed to battens. At the ridge provide and lay 300mm wide felt under the socketless ridging
which shall be matching tinted pointed with oxide purchased from the manufacturer.
(iv) Where valley tiles are specified, these shall be laid in accordance with manufacturers
instructions and the roof tiles to be cut shall be marked by the Contractor, transported to and from the factory where they
are to be cut and re-tinted by Manson Hart Limited or Mareba Enterprises Limited before fixing on site.
B. POLYTHENE UNDERFELTING
500 Gauge polythene underfelting is to be provided to all tile roofs and fixed under roofing battens with 150mm laps.
C. ASPHALT ROOFING
Asphalt roofing will be executed by an approved specialist roofing sub-contractor. Before any application of roofing the contractor is
to ensure that all roof surfaces are thoroughly cleaned by sweeping.
Roofing asphalt to be BS 988/1966 Table 3 COLUMN 111 Tropical Mastic asphalt laid in two coats to a total thickness of 20mm on
and including black sheathing felt, and finished with either three coats aluminium paint to horizontal and vertical surfaces local grey
stone chippings or precast concrete paving slabs as necessary.
The first layer of asphalt to be fully bonded to the sheathing felt and the second layer to be laid with a 75mm joint to the first layer.
At all junctions of covering with parapet walls, kerbs, eaves, gutters etc., the asphalt is to be turned up a minimum height of 150mm
with an angle fillet at the junction with the roof covering and splayed at the tip and tucked 25mm into groove and pointed in cement
and sand.
Precast concrete tiles are to be 300 x 25mm thick, interlocking, finished fair on exposed face and bedded in bitumen and pointed in
cement mortar.
D. COLAS ROOF AND PLANTING BOX WATERPROOFING SPECIFICATION 7.01
Colas roof and planting box waterproofing shall be obtained from colas East Africa Limited and laid in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions to the approval of the Architect. Surfaces shall be prepared in the following manner:-
(a) Lay 60mm faced triangular fillets at all internal wall to roof intersections using a mortar
comprised of 1 volume of colmastic 30.01 and 2 volumes of sand.
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(b) Parapet walls and other vertical surfaces must be smooth. Brickwork shall be flush
pointed or rendered with a cement/sand mix, to a height of 250mm.
(c) Rain water outlets shall be fixed firmly to but below the level of the roof slab. They
should be free to move independently of the downpipe.
(d) When the concrete and/or mortar applications are set and dry, brush the surface free of
all dirt, dust, laitance and loose materials. Apply, by brush or spray, a coating of colasprime 80.05 and allow this to dry.
(e) Day work joints, shrinkage cracks or fillets shall be treated by applying a heavy coat of
colaskote 70.02 into which should be embedded a strip of colas membrane 88.08, free of wrinkles. This strip shall
extend, in width, 80mm on both sides of the joint/fillet being treated. A further coat of 70.02 shall be applied over the
88.08 and allowed to dry.
Colas waterproofing shall be applied as follows:
(a) Apply heavy brush of colaskote 70.02 0.75 litres per sq. metre laid on in one direction.
Allow to dry.
(b) Apply a further heavy brush coat of colaskote 70.02 laid on right angles to the previous
coat, and whilst this is still wet, ambed a layer of colas membrane 88.08. (Note: Edges of the membrane should be
overlapped by 80mm. Allow to dry.
(c) Apply a heavy brush coat of colaskote 70.01 laid on at right angles to the previous coat.
Allow to dry
Colas roof waterproofing shall be finished with two coats colaskote 71.04 aluminium reflective paint. The first coat shall be allowed
to dry before application of the second coat. Before application of the first coat of reflective paint the colaskote waterproofing shall
be dusted with a clean, sharp, fine sand whilst still wet and excess sand thoroughly brushed off when the emulsion is dry.
E. COLAS BASEMENT TANKING SPECIFICATION 7.04
Colas basement tanking shall be obtained from Colas East Africa Limited and applied in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions to the approval of the Architect.
Surfaces to receive tanking shall be level with no sharp points, edges etc., and shall be clean to receive the tanking
Colas tanking shall be applied in the following manner:-
(a) Check the surface to ensure it is smooth and clean.

(b) Apply a prime coat of colasprime 80.05 at the rate of .15 litres (concrete) per square
metre.
(c) Apply a coat of colaskote 70.02 at the rate of .75 litres per square metre and allow to dry
(d) Apply a further coat of 70.02 at .75 litre per square metre.
(e) Into this apply open weave glass membrane of colas membrane 88.08 and ensure that the
edges are overlapped at least 500mm and the membrane is well brushed out to give no wrinkles in the finished surface.
(f) Over the dried film apply a second coat of 70.02 as in (d) and repeat (c)
(g) Apply a towel coat of colaskote 70.03 at the rate of 3 litres per square metre.
(h) Over the finished waterproofing membrane provide a protective coating consisting of
colmastic 30.03, 1 volume 30.02 and 2 volume sand 6mm thick..
F. CEDAR SHINGLE ROOFING
Cedar shingle roofing shall be obtained from an approved supplier to the approval of the Architect. Shingles shall be 75mm wide x
400mm long x approximately 12mm thick or other size approved by the Architect. Prior to fixing shingles shall be well soaked in
engine oil to the approval of the architect. Shingles are to be fixed to 38mm x 25mm treated sawn cypress battens with 2 No. 32mm
long rust resistant nails (hot dipped zinc, copper or aluminium) in each shingle. Each nail is to be positioned 20mm from the side
edge of the shingle and 38mm above the butt line.
Shingles shall have a 5mm space between adjacent shingles and joints in any one course shall be separated not less then 40mm
from joints in adjacent courses. Each shingles have an exposure of 125mm.
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G. BITUMINOUS FELT ROOFING
MATERIALS
(a) Fibre based bitumen felt shall comply with BS 747: part 2,class 1:
Type of felt Nominal weight/10m2
1A Saturated bitumen 7kg
1B Fine 17kg
1C self finished bitumen 13kg
1D coarse sand surfaced bitumen 20kg
1E mineral surfaced bitumen 36kg
(b) Asbestos based bitumen felts shall comply with BS 747 part 2, class 2:
Type of felt Nominal lweight/10m2
2A saturated bitumen asbestos 7kg
2B Fine sand surfaced bitumen
asbestos 16kg
2C self finished bitmen asbestos 13kg
2E mineral surfaced bitumen asbestos 36kg
Unless otherwise specified bituminous felt roofing shall comprise the following layers:
(a) To main roof areas
First layer: saturated bitumen asbestos felt Type 2A, partially bonded.
Second layer: self-finished bitumen felt Type 1C, fully bonded.
Third layer: mineral surfaced bitumen felt to be aluminium cap sheet finish, fully bonded.
(b) To gutters and upstands in felt roofs:
First layer: saturated bitumen asbestos felt Type 2A, fully bonded
Second layer: self-finished bitumen felt Type 1C, fully bonded
Third layer: mineral surfaced bitumen felt Type 1E, fully bonded.
H. LAYING
Bitumen felt roofing work must be carried out by a sub-contractor approved by the Architect. Laying of the felt is to be carried out
generally in accordance with C.P 1441.101 to the following minimum falls.
(a) for mineral surfaced felt roofs 1:30
(b) for protected felt roofs 1:60
The contractor sand sub-contractor shall ensure that the roof screed is laid to the correct falls before applying the roofing felt.
Before laying covering the contractor shall ensure that all preceding and preliminary work, including all pipes and outlets passing
through the roof, formation of grooves and chases, and provision of battens and fillets is complete.
Base sheeting is to be laid on a clean, dry base and before work commences the contractor shall obtain the roofing sub-contractor’s
written agreement that the base is suitable. Sheeting shall be laid in the following manner:
(a) Nail underlayer at 75mm centres at tops of sloping roofs and screeds.
(b) Hot bonding compounds shall be prepared as follows:
(i) Heat in kettles fitted with a thermometer.

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(ii) Do not heat to more than 220 degrees C.
(iii) Lay at 200 degrees C.
(c) Partial bonding of first layer shall be carried out by spot, strip or frame bonding at centres
not exceeding 1800mm with hot bonding compound to the approval of the Architect. Fully bond at perimeter of roof for a
width of 450mm, leaving ventilation channels 150mm wide at approximately 1800mm centres.
(d) Full bonding of second and subsequent layers shall be carried out by applying hot
bonding compound to the previous layer, lay bitumen felt and apply pressure to ensure a firm bond. Remove the surplus
squeezing out compound as the work proceeds. Compound should be applied at a minimum rate of 16kg per 1.0m2.
Precast adhesion of squeezed-out bonding compound to the surface of mineral-surfaced felt.
(e) Sheets shall be laid in the direction of the roof slope with a 50mm side and 75mm end lap
(f) Upstands must be at least 15mm high, fully bonded to the structure with tip edge tucked
into chase, wedged at 600mm centres and fully bond to upstand. Each lap shall be 100mm and sealed with hot bonding
compound. Chases shall be pointed in cement-sand mortar 1:3
(g) Unless otherwise specified eaves shall be formed as follows:
(i) Nail one edge of 200mm felt strip at 150mm centres
(ii) Fold to form welt 50mm deep and seal with bonding compound.
(iii) Fully bond remainder of felt to base and cover with full thickness of
built up finish.
I. ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEETING
Corrugated asbestos cement sheeting shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer by Simbarite Limited, P. O. Box 90662,
Mombasa, Kenya. The sheeting shall be of an even colour, free from cracks, chips and other defects. Roofing is to be complete
with all hip and ridge coverings as supplied by the manufacturer and is to be fixed in strict accordance with their instructions,
including galvanised screws of crook bolts and washers.
J. GALVANIZED CORRUGATED IRON SHEETS
Galvanised or pre-painted corrugated mild steel sheets for roofing and cladding shall be of the gauge and profile required, and
obtained from an approved manufacturer. They shall be fixed with approved crook bolts, washers, etc., to ‘Z’ purlins.
K. TIMBER ROOF TRUSSES

All timber to be used shall be as described in carpentry and Joinery hereafter.
Roof construction is to include for all necessary timbers, dragon ties, ridges, hips, purlins, valleys, eaves, timbers, etc., and for any
eaves soffits, fascias, gangboards as specified or shown on the Drawings. Generally trusses are to be set vertical and level, spiked
to wall plates and secured with the wall ties.
No timbers used for ties, rafters or purlins shall be over 5.0 metres in length. All joints shall be scarfed and bound with continuous
20 mm hoop iron binding, pitched at 35mm centres scarfs in purlins shall occur at trusses but in ties and rafters they shall occur
approximately central between joints. The prices for roof trusses shall include for all the foregoing and nails, bolts, etc., necessary to
make the required joints.
L. ALUMINIUM FLASHINGS
Aluminium flashings shall be formed out of 22 gauge super purity aluminium with natural mill finish to BS 1470. Where flashings are
built into joints or tucked into grooves the minimum depth is to be 25mm and they are to be secured by folded aluminium wedges at
450mm centres and pointed in cement mortar (1:3).
M. ROOF SCREED GENERALLY

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Roof screeds are to be laid to a minimum fall and crossfall of 27mm in 3.0 metres with a minimum thickness of 19mm at rainwater
outlets and are to be finished to the entire satisfaction of the sub-contractor executing the roofing.
N. CEMENT AND SAND ROOF SCREEDS

The roof screeds shall be formed of cement and sand (1:3). The screeds shall be laid in bays, square where
possible, of maximum 10 square metres. Each bay shall be formed between stop boards of the correct height and cut on each side
to indicate the slope required in the roofing. The screed shall be trowelled with a wood float to true and accurate falls or crossfalls
up to the stop boards. A 10mm wide gap shall be left between each screed bay for the full depth of the screed. The screeds shall
be allowed to cure thoroughly to attain maximum shrinkage. Any cracks which appear due to shrinkage shall be made good. The
gaps between the screed bays shall be filled as follows:
1. Brush or blow out joints to remove dirt, dust, etc., and prime the sides of the joints using
a piece of sponge or similar dipped in a mixture of equal volumes of Flintkote./ Type 1 Type 3 emulsion and water. Allow
to dry.
2. Fill up joints slightly round on the surface using a 1:2:3 mastic. This mastic shall be
prepared by mixing one volume of cement with volumes of sand, adding a little water to dampen the mix, then adding two
volumes of Flintkote. Type 1 or Type 3 emulsion. The mastic is thoroughly mixed together adding further water as
necessary until it is a uniform brown colour, without being too sloppy. Allow to set and dry.
The screed joints shall then be covered with a 200mm wide strip of building paper not bonded to the screed joint and well
lapped at angles and junctions before the application of the roof covering.
O. LIGHTWEIGHT ROOF SCREEDS
Lightweight roof screeds shall be composed of bases of cement, sand and pumice (1:4:8) finished with a 12mm cement and sand
(1:5) topping laid whilst the base is still green and trowelled smooth to the satisfaction of the Architect.
The screeds are to be laid as described in ‘cement and sand Roof Screeds.’
P. PVC RAINWATER PIPES
PVC rainwater pipes and fittings are to comply with BS 4576 with solvent welded or rubber ring seal joints.
Pipes are to be case into concrete or to be fixed to the structure with PVC holderbats built-in or plugged and screwed at maximum 2
metre centres.
Bends, swan necks, discharge chutes and fittings generally are to be fixed where necessary to facilitate the flow of water.
Rainwater outlets shall be PVC suitable for the roof finish in which they occur with domical PVC grating.
Q. PROTECTION
The contractor is to take all necessary precautions to protect the finished work and must ensure no damage occurs to the roofing
until completion of the works.
R. COMPLETION OF THE WORKS

On completion of the works, the contractor shall clear away, ensure that rainwater outlets are clear and generally leave the roof
areas in a clean and watertight conditions to the satisfaction of the Architect.
PART SEVEN
CARPENTRY & JOINERY SPECIFICATIONS
CARPENTRY & JOINERY
A. GENERALLY
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All woodwork shall be carried out in accordance with the drawing and the principals of first class joinery construction. Unless
specifically stated otherwise, sizes shown on drawings are finished sizes and the contractor must allow for wrot faces.
MATERIALS
B. QUALITIES OF TIMBER
(a) The qualities of timber stated hereinafter are in accordance with the latest Kenya
Government Grading Rules.
(b) All timber described as prime Grade is to be first Grade (Grade 1)
(c) All timber described as selected Grade is to be second Grade (Grade 11)
(d) All hardwood is to be prime Grade (Grade 1)
(e) All timber for permanent use in the building shall before use be approved by the Architect
for quality in accordance with the foregoing specification for its respective grade. Any timber not so approved by the
Architect shall be removed from the site forthwith.
C. INSECT DAMAGE
All timber, whether graded or ungraded, and including shuttering, scaffolding and the like shall be free of live borer beetle or other
insect attached when brought upon the site. The contractor shall be responsible up to the end of the maintenance period for
executing at his own cost all work necessary to eradicate insect attack of timber which becomes evident including the replacement
of timbers attacked, or suspected of being attacked, notwithstanding that the timber concerned may have been inspected and
passed as fit for use.
D. SEASONING OF TIMBER
All carpentry timbers are timbers are to be seasoned to an average moisture content of not more 20%. All joinery timbers are to be
seasoned to an average moisture content of not more than 15%. The contractor is to make available on site a metre of testing
moisture content of all timber delivered.
E. PREPARATION AND PROTECTION OF TIMBER
(i) All timber necessary for the works is to be purchased immediately the contract is signed,
and when delivered is to be openstacked for such further seasoning as may be necessary. Preparation of the timber is to
be commenced simultaneously with the commencement of the works generally.
(ii) All timber and assembled woodwork is to be protected from the weather and stored in
such a way as to prevent attack by decay fungi, termites or other insects.
F. SPECIES OF TIMBER
Only those timbers specified are to be used for the works, unless alternatives are authorised by the Architect in writing.
G. PRESSURE IMPREGNATED TIMBER

(i) All timber described as pressure impregnated shall be impregnated under vacuum and
pressure with celcure. or Tanalith. Wood preservative with an average absorption of not less than 6.7kgs. of dry salt per
cubic metre. In case of resistant species where this retention cannot be obtained the timber shall be treated to refusal
point. All treated timber shall not be exposed to wet conditions for at least 14 days after treatment has been carried out.
All cut ends, drilling or fabrications on the site producing new surfaces shall be thoroughly brushed or soaked with celcure
B. salts applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
(ii) Any other method of timber impregnations will only be allowed at the Architect’s
approval.
H. HARDWOOD
All hardwood will comply with the requirement of BS 1186 part 1 BS 4047. It shall show a straight and regular grain throughout.
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Hardwood shall be free from wooly texture, soft heart, sap wood, splits, shakes, all evidence of insect of fungi attack and rot and all
faults caused by compression failure. There shall be no waney edges. Hardwood shall be free from knots on exposed faces. Any
hardwood showing visible imperfections will be rejected.
Preservatives shall not be used without the Architect’s permission. Where indicated on the drawings, internal hardwoods will be
treated with clear sealants as specified elsewhere.
I. SOFTWOOD
Softwood timber for carcassing work shall be either podocarpus or cypress to the approval of the Architect and shall be dimensions
specified on the drawings.
Timber shall be accordance with the Groups listed in this clause.
All softwood shall comply with the requirements of BS1186 part 1. Timber shall be free from wooly texture, soft heart, sap wood,
splits, shakes, pith showing on the surface, sloping grain exceeding one in eight checks, knots exceeding 25mm of diameter, loose
knot or knot holes and any evidence of insect or fungi attack. There shall be no waney edges.
Where indicated on the drawings , the softwood will be treated with clear sealer or painted with gloss paint. All softwood is to be
pressure impregnated against insect attack before delivery to site. Any ends cut after treatment shall be given two liberal coats of
preservative.
J. PLYWOOD
All plywood shall comply with the requirements of BS 1455, be obtained from a manufacturer to be approved by the Architect and be
of the thickness shown on the drawings.
Plywood shall be Exterior Grade except where otherwise stated. Plies shall be bonded together with adhesives complying with the
requirements of BS 1203 grade WBP. Plywood shall be free from end joints (including joints in veneers) overlaps in core veneers,
dead knots, patches and plugs, open defects, depressions due to defects in cure, insect attack (except isolated pinworm holes
through face veneers only), fungal attack and from discolouration differing from that normally associated with species.
Face veneers shall be hard and durable and shall be capable of being finished to a smooth surface. Face veneers
shall closely match the general joinery timber supplied.
K. CHIPBOARD
Chipboard shall be medium density wood particle board complying with BS 2604 part 2, produced in factories by an approved
process.
L. BLOCKBOARD
Blockboard shall be of approved local or imported manufacture to BS 3444 glued throughout and softwood or hardwood faced as
hereinafter specified and equal to a sample to be deposited with the Architect for approval and which when so approved shall form
the standard for the works.
M. FIBREBOARD
Shall be insulating board to comply with BS 1142 of the types specified and of approved manufacture.
N. TEMPERED HARDBOARD
To be approved manufacture according in all respects with BS 1142 suitable for painting, prepared and fixed in
accordance with the maker’s instructions.
O. WOOD BLOCK FLOORS
(i) To be supplied and laid in 460 mm x 460 mm panels by a specialist all to the approval of
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the Architect.
(ii) On completion and immediately prior to applying the clear finish, the surface is to be
twice machine sanded using first coarse and the fine sandpaper and brushed perfectly clean.
P. TIMBER DOORS
Doors are to be designed, manufactured and fixed in accordance with the relevant British standards summarised
below:-
BS 476 part 8 1972 fire tests etc.
BS 4787 part 1 1972 Door dimensions etc.
BS 1186 part 1 1971 Quality of timber and workmanship.
BS 1227 part 1A Hinges
BS 3827 Builder’s hardware - glossary
Q. FLUSH DOORS
Generally, the requirement for flush doors is that they have a minimum thickness of 40mm. They shall be faced both
sides and there shall be hardwood lippings to all edges. Hollow core and semi-solid types shall contain adequate
provision within the core for ironmongery (e.g. lock blocks etc).
All hollow and semi-solid doors shall be faced with WBP bonded Exterior grade plywood. Except where indicated doors
shall have hardwood veneered faces.
Vision panels where required shall be 150mm wide 900mm deep.
Flush doors shall be obtained from a supplier to be approved by the Architect. Flush doors shall comply with the requirements of BS
459 parts 1,2 and 3. All edges shall be lipped with hardwood tongued into edge of the door.
Fire resistant flush doors are to be constructed in accordance with BS 459 part 3.
The core of solid core flush doors shall be constructed of longitudinal laminations of precision planed timber, butt joined and glued
with resin based adhesive under hydraulic pressure, the whole forming a rigid fire resistant raft.
Where doors are indicated as fire resistant they shall be constructed so as to exceed the requirements stated when tested in
accordance with BS 476 part (1972) section 7.
R. HARDWOOD VENEERS
(a) Veneer facings shall be selected to the approval of the Architect.

(b) No glass or synthetic fibre stitching will be permitted for jointing veneer leaves together.
(c) Veneer shall be free from splits, dote, glue, stains insect or fungi attack and rot.
(d) Filling or inlaying of any kind will not accepted.
(e) All wood veneers shall be bonded to the core material in such a way that no lifting and
blistering shall occur.
S. LAMINATED PLASTIC VENEERS
Laminated plastic veneers shall be a decorative sheet 1.6mm thick complying with BS 3794 class 1. The pattern will be selected by
the Architect. The laminate shall have decorative (pattern) finish on one face only. Patterns will be selected from the manufacturer’s
standard range.
T. MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL
(a) Tapered timber pellets for filling screw holes must be cut across the grain and shall be of
the colour and grain being plugged.
(b) Metal fixing devices must be fully rust-proofed. Scramps, brackets, plugs, bolts etc.,
must be of a type, make and pattern approved by the Architect.
(c) Adhesives must be suitable for use in the local conditions and be compatible with the
materials with which they are in contact.
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U. NAILS AND SCREWS
Nails shall comply with BS 1201, screws shall comply with BS 1494 and bolts shall comply with BS 916.
WORKMANSHIP
V. TOLERANCES
The method of construction must accommodate tolerance as shown on the drawings and allow for ensuring that repetitive units can
be accurately located in relation to grid lines and that tolerances do not accumulate. Reasonable tolerance shall be provided at all
junctions between joinery and the building carcass, whether of masonry or frame construction, so that any irregularities or
movement may be adequately compensated.
W. JOINTING
(a) All joints must be made as specified or detailed and the execution of all jointing shall be
to the satisfaction of the Architect.
(b) Joining surfaces of all connections exposed to the weather are to be thickly primed
except where gluing is specified. Surfaces are to be in good contact over the whole area of the joint before fastenings are
applied.
(c) No nails, screws or bolts are to be placed in any end split. If splitting is likely or is
encountered in the course of the work, holes for nails are to be pre-bored at diameters not exceeding 4/5 of the diameter
of the nails. Clenched nails must be bent at right angles to the grain. Lead holes are to be bored for all screws.
(d) Where the use of bolts and washers is specified the holes are to be bored from both sides
of the timber and to be a diameter D+D/16 where D is the diameter of the bolt. nuts must be brought up tight but care is
to be taken to avoid crushing of the timber under the washers.
(e) Joints in joinery must be as specified or detailed and designed and secured as to resist or
compensate for any stresses to which they may be subjected. All nails, springs etc., are
to be punched and puttied.
(f) Loose joints are to be made where provision must be made for shrinkage, glued joints
where shrinkage need not be considered and where sealed joints are required. All glued joints shall be cross-tongued or
otherwise reinforced.
(g) Glues for load bearing joints or where conditions may be damp must be of the resin type.
For non-load bearing joints, or where dry conditions can be guaranteed, resin or organic glues may be used.
X. FRAMED WORK
The word “framed” shall mean and include all the best known methods of jointing woodwork together by mortice, tenon, dovetail or
other methods, and for forming all necessary stops, mitres or mason’ mitres in members which are moulded, rebated etc.
Y. PLUGGING
Plugging and fixing to wall in all trades shall be executed by “Rawlplugging” or similar approved proprietary methods all in
accordance with the manufacturer’s printed instructions. Hacking of holes and filing with timber plugs will not be permitted under
any circumstances
Z. CARPENTRY WORK
(a) All carpentry shall be executed with workmanship of the best quality. Scantlings and
board shall be accurately sawn and shall be uniform in width and thickness throughout and shall be as long as possible
and practicable in order to eliminate joints
(b) All work shall be left with a swan surface except where specified to be wrot.
(c) All work shall be accurately set out and in strict accordance with the drawings, and shall
be framed together and securely fixed in the best possible manner with properly made joints. Provide all braids, nails,
screws etc., as necessary and as directed and approved.
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(d) Actual dimensions of scantling for carpentry shall not vary from the specified dimensions
by more than +3mm or -1mm. Sizes and thickness of wrot carpentry timber are nominal, that is
to say a variation of 3mm from the specified sizes will be allowed from each wrot surface unless the thickness or size id described as
finished in which case no variation from the stated thickness or size will be permitted.
AA. JOINERY WORK
All joinery work shall be wrot unless otherwise described.
(a) Sizes and thickness of joinery are nominal that is to say a variation of 3mm from the
specified sizes will be allowed from each wrot surface unless the thickness or size is described as finished in which case
no variation from the stated thickness or size will be permitted.
(b) No joinery to be put in hand until the details have been supplied or approved by the
Architect and in all cases the details are to be worked to.
(c) All joinery shall be executed with workmanship of the best quality in strict accordance
with the detailed drawings, moulding shall be accurately and truly run on the solid and all work planed, sandpapered and
finished to the approval of the Architect. All arrises to be slightly rounded. All framed work shall be cut out, and framed
together as soon after the commencement of the building as is practicable but should not be wedged up until the building
is ready for fixing the same and any portions that warp, get in winding, develop shakes or other defects shall be replaced
with new. In-door frames etc., the heart face of the timber shall be fixed away from the wall. As soon as required for fixing
in the building the framing shall be glued together with glue as described and properly wedged or pinned etc., as directed.
(d) All beads, fillets and small members shall be fixed with round or oval braids or nails well
punched in and stopped. All larger members shall be fixed with screws, the screws let in and pelletted over with wood
pellets to match the grain.
(e) Cups and screws for fixing beads and fillets shall be spaced 150mm apart and 25mm from
angles.
(f) All joinery immediately upon delivery to the site is to be sorted and protected from the
weather.
(g) All joinery is to be primed before fixing but no work is to be primed until it has been
approved by the Architect.
(h) All fixed joinery which is liable to become bruised or damaged in any way, shall be
properly cased and protected by the contractor until completion of the work.
(i) When natural finish is specified, the timber in adjacent pieces shall be matched and
uniform or symmetrical in colour and grain.
AB. SOFTWOOD
Fixing shall be by means of non-rusting screws with counter sunk heads to proprietary plugs or ground.
Nails will not be permitted.
Sections shall be neatly and accurately cut so as to avoid splitting of the wood.
AC. HARDWOODS
Hardwoods are as described.
In jointed panels each piece shall be of the same species. Joinery for oiling shall have all surfaces of the same species and same
character of grain.
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Fixing shall be by means of brass screws with countersunk heads to proprietary plugs or grounds. Where work is face screwed
heads of screwsshall finish not less than 6mm below the surface and be covered with round teak pellets of appropriate thickness.
Pellets shall be chosen and fixed so as to match colour and pattern of grain so far as is practical. Nailing will not be permitted.
Sections shall be neatly and accurately cut with fine toothed saws.
AD. PLYWOOD
Plywood of the required thickness shall be used. The Contractor will not be allowed to make up thickness by gluing together sheets
of thinner plywood.
Where cutting is required it shall be neatly and accurately performed with fine toothed saws so as to avoid splitting the face veneers
and intermediate plies.
AE. CHIPBOARD
Where cutting is necessary it shall be neatly and accurately performed with fine toothed saws so as to avoid splitting the face
veneers. Where raw edges arise from cutting these shall be faced with a matching hardwood fillet cut pinned and glued to match
factory produced edges.
AF. BLOCKBOARD
Where cutting is necessary it shall be neatly and accurately performed with fine toothed saws so as to avoid splitting the face
veneers. Where raw edges arise from cutting these shall be faced with a matching hardwood cut pinned and glued to match factory
produced edges.
AG. LAMINATED PLASTIC VENEER

Laminated plastic veneers are to be fixed with an approved adhesive, care being taken to eliminate all air from beneath the laminate
on fixing. The laminate is to be free from chipped or cracked portions and work so disfigured is to be moved and replaced. When
the adhesive is set the laminate is to be neatly bevelled off along all rises with a plane.
Where plastic laminate is fixed to doors or shelves etc., without a laminate to the outer edge, a raised lipping is to be provided and
the laminate finished flush against the lipping.
AF. FIXING DOORS AND FRAMES

Doors shall be properly fitted to give a uniform clearance of not more than 3mm all round and the hinges shall be let into doors.
Doors frames shall be properly framed at angles. Door stops shall be housed into grooves in frames. Architraves shall be provided
to conceal finishes. Frames shall be fixed to grounds or plugs. Fixing shall be by means of non-rusting screws with countersunk
heads. For hardwood frames screw heads shall be finished not less than 6mm below surface of the wood and shall be covered with
matching round hardwood pellets of appropriate thickness. Pellets shall be chosen and fixed so as to match colours and pattern of
grain so far as is practical. Nailing will not be permitted.
Except where indicated doors shall be kept clean for clear polyurethane varnish.
Door frames shall be treated to match doors.
Glazing shall be wired glass 6mm thick with edges wrapped in washleather and secured with hardwood glazing bead size 10mm x
15mm mitred at angles secured with brass screws and cups.
AG. CONSTRUCTION OF DOORS
(a) Flush doors specified as solid construction shall have a 100% solid core of vertical
laminate Cedar or equal and approved.
(b) Flush doors specified as semi-sold construction shall be constructed with timber stiles and
rails, infilled with horizontal intermediate rails spaced equally apart and tenoned into
stiles.
(c) Unless otherwise specified, doors scheduled to receive a clear or veneered finish shall be
lipped on all edges.
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(d) Where panels over doors are specified, such panels shall be constructed in the same way
and with the same materials as the doors above in which they are situated, and the panels shall match the doors in every
respect.
(e) For doors specified as plywood faced, the plywood shall not be less than 3mm thick,
complying with the requirements of BS 1455, WBP type. Face veneers shall be Grade 1 for painted doors in every
respect.
(f) All doors shall be provided with lock blocks of minimum size 300mm x 75mm.
(g) Glass beading strips shall be approved washleather self adhesive tape turned up over both
sides of the glass and glazing surfaces and turned to the straight line.
(h) All screws shall be countersunk, and screwed and pelleted in un-painted work.
(i) Timber pellets shall be glued and tapped into the hole, making sure the grains line up, and
are carefully trimmed back flush with joinery to give a clear, smooth overall surface.
AH. FITTINGS AND FIXTURES
The fittings, etc., are to be accurately constructed in accordance with the detailed drawings. The doors, drawers, etc., are all to fit
and open and close smoothly and all work next to walls, floors and ceilings is to be soundly fixed and scribed to fit snugly against
same.
AI. MOULDINGS
Moulded work shall be accurately worked to the full size details supplied by the Architect. Mouldings shall be worked on the solid
unless otherwise stated.
AJ. CIRCULAR WORK
When circular work is specified it shall be built up with an appropriate number of pieces cut to the
required shapes. The pieces shall be put together in two (or three) thickness so that they break joint, and shall be secured with
hardwood keys and wedges or with hardwood pins (whichever is more appropriate).
AK. SCRIBING
Skirting, architraves, plates and other joinery works shall be accurately scribed to fit the contour of the irregular surface against
which they will be required to form a close butt connection.
AL. FINISH
All joinery which is to be oiled and painted shall be finished smooth and cleaned by rubbing down by hand with fine glasspaper.
AM. COMPLETION OF WORKS
Protection of all joinery and ironmongery must be maintained until completion of the contract as a whole. All joinery and glass is to
be thoroughly cleaned before the building is handed over.
AN. DEFECTIVE WORK
All work judged to be defective must be removed and replaced as directed by the Architect.
IRONMONGERY
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AO. GENERALLY
(a) Ironmongery shall be fixed with suitable screws to match and prices shall include for this
(b) All locks and ironmongery shall be fixed before the woodwork is painted, handles shall be
removed before the painting commences carefully stored and refixed after completion of painting.
(c) All locks, springs and other items of ironmongery with moveable parts shall be properly
tested, cleaned and adjusted where necessary to ensure proper working order at the completion of the works and left in
perfect working order by the contractor.
(d) The keys of all locks shall have labels attached with door references marked on before
handling to the Architect.
(e) All locks shall be provided with a master key system and prices shall include for this as
required by the client, and as instructed by the Architect. The client’s requirements are to be obtained by the contractor
before ordering.
PART EIGHT
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK AND OTHER METAL WORK SPECIFICATIONS
A. STEEL QUALITY
Structural steel shall comply with the requirements of B.S.4360 and shall be new and unused. It shall be free of imperfections,
distortion, rust, scales of other deterioration or contamination by grease, paint and similar items.
B. TESTING
The Engineer may, where he so desires call manufacturer’s work test certificates in respect of all steel, which tests shall have been
performed in accordance with B.S.18. The Engineer may also carry out such further tests as he may consider necessary.
C. SECTIONS
The dimensions and properties of hot rolled structural steel sections and hollow sections shall be in accordance with B.S.2, part 1
and 2, or B.S.4848 for metric sized sections.
D. MINIMUM THICKNESS
All steelwork sections other than gauge metal sections, including cleats, gusset plates, etc. shall be not less than 8mm thick unless
specifically indicated on the Drawings.
E. FORGING
All steel for forging and all forgings shall comply with the requirements of B. S. 29, and shall be subject to inspection and approval of
the Engineer.
F. CASTING
All material used in the manufacture of castings and all castings shall comply with the requirements of B.S. 309, 1452 and 3100 and
shall be subject to inspection and approval of the Engineer.
G. GAUGE METAL SECTIONS

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Sections shall be manufactured from continuously hot dipped galvanised steel coil to B.S.2989 using steel to B.S.1449, part 1A and
1B, classification CR4 with a guaranteed minimum yield stress of 280 N/mm2.
The sections shall be cold formed to the basic shapes given in B.S 2994 with the design and details conforming to Addendum No. 1
to B.S.449 (PD4064).
Section shall be sawn and holes may be punched so as to produce a neat round hole with no distortion . Holes and cut ends shall
be painted with zinc rich paint as soon as possible after cutting.
H. “Z” PURLINS
“Z” purlins shall be fabricated in the longest practicable lengths with staggered joints. All connections shall have a minimum of four
bolts. Sag rods and apex ties shall be provided where indicated.
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK AND OTHER METAL WORK SPECIFICATIONS
I. TUBULAR SECTIONS
For tubular construction, due allowance is to be made for sealing the ends of all tubes and hollow square or rectangular sections
with welding or welded plates. Where end make connections to other members, they shall be welded on true and square.
Shop joints required in tubular members shall be full penetration but welds on to split backing rings.
J. STORAGE
Steel shall be stored at least 150mm above the ground and protected against rust and corrosion.
K. FABRICATION
Structural steelwork shall be fabricated in accordance with B.S.449.
L. SHOP DRAWINGS
The contractor shall prepare fully detailed working drawings of the structural steelwork and obtain the Engineer’s approval before
commencing any fabrication. The drawing to be submitted at least one week before it is planned to start fabrication .
M. EDGE PREPARATION
The longitudinal edges of all plates and cover plates forming plate girders or built-up girders and columns and all edges of gusset
plates over 12mm thick shall be machined. Edges which are subsequently wholly incorporated in weld may be machine flame cut.
The abutting ends of the parts of all compression members including the caps and bases of stanchions, built-up columns and
stiffeners transmitting load through direct contact shall be machined after the members have been fabricated so that all the parts
shall be in close contact when the joint is made. The edges of the other members may be machine flame cut, sawn, sheared or
cropped but hand flame cutting will not be permitted. All burrs shall be removed by grinding, and sheared and cropped edges shall
be dressed.
N. STRAIGHTENING
All plates, bars and rolled sections shall be carefully trued, straightened and taken out of winding by pressure before they are drilled.
Heating or hammering rolled sections and plates will not be permitted.
O. TEMPLATES
The templates throughout the work shall be mild steel. In cases where actual members have been used as templates for drilling
similar pieces, the engineer will decide whether they are fit to be used in the finished structure.
P. HOLES
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All holes in the steelwork shall be drilled out and not punched. Whenever holes are drilled in one operation through two or more
separate parts the parts shall be separated after drilling and the burrs removed by grinding. All slotted holes shall be finished with
sides of the holes straight and parallel.
Q. JOINTS
No joints shall be made in any plate, bar or rolled sections except where shown on the Drawings or described in the specification.
R. ASSEMBLING AND MARKING
All steelwork shall be inspected in the fabricator’s yard by the Engineer and where directed the steelwork shall be assembled to
check the accuracy and interchangeability of the work. Before despatch from the fabricator’s yard all steelwork shall be cleaned
down and clearly marked in paint or stencilled and stamped to facilitate sorting at the site. The markings shall be in conformity with
the approved working and erection drawings.
S. WELDING GENERALLY
No welds will be permitted in any part of the permanent work except where shown or described on the approved working Drawings.
All welding of steel shall be executed in accordance with the provisions of B.S.5135 and the workmanship shall be of the highest
quality in all respects throughout. All welds shall be of the appropriate dimensions, they shall be sound, free from porosity, slag
inclusion, undercutting and other defects, and shall be of clean and regular appearance throughout, and the execution shall be such
as to ensure that the parts connected are properly aligned and positioned, free from distortion and so fixed together as to produce a
homogeneous section of the correct dimensions. As much of the welding as is practicable shall be executed by means of automatic
or semi-automatic processes and manual welding shall be kept to a minimum.
All welders shall have completed the tests described in part 6 or B.S.449 and may be required to carry out any of those tests in the
presence of the Engineer.
T. ELECTRODES
All covered electrodes for the manual metal are welding of grades of steel to B.S4360 shall comply with the requirements of B.S639
and B.S.1719: part 1. All electrode wires and fluxes for the submerged arc welding of grades of steel to B.S.4360 shall comply with
the requirements of B.S 4164.
All electrodes shall be of a type, size and quality appropriate to the class of work for which they are intended and shall be supplied
by approved manufacturers and shall be of the heaviest gauge consistent with obtaining adequate penetration. Each batch of
electrodes shall be accompanied by the manufacturer’s certificates stating the date of manufacture, together with certificates giving
the results of the initial test and of the most recent periodic check tests.
All electrodes shall be stored in their original unbroken bundles or packages in a warm dry and well ventilated place to which the
Engineer shall have access.
All electrodes for welding shall be used strictly in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and shall be so chosen that the
properties of the deposited metal are in no way inferior to those of the parent metal. Under no circumstances shall electrodes be
used in a damp condition and any electrodes which have parts of the flux covering broken away or damaged in any respect
whatsoever shall be discarded.
U. WELDING TRIALS
Whenever so directed by the Engineer and prior to the commencement of fabrication, welding and flame cutting procedure trials
shall be carried out on typical examples of the various types and categories of welded members and joints using representative
samples of the materials to be employed in the work. These trials shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Engineer the suitability
and adequacy of the methods and procedures to be adopted in the fabrication.
The samples of material to be used in the aforesaid trials shall be selected and marked by the Engineer when the materials are
inspected at the rolling mills and the various types and categories of members and joints shall be
welded in a manner simulating the most unfavourable conditions that will be experienced during fabrication or assembly. After
completion of welding the various examples shall be sectioned for subsequent examination and testing.
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Any approval by the Engineer of the welding methods and procedures shall in no way limit or restrict the right and authority of the
Engineer to subsequently reject any welds or welded joints that in his opinion fall below the standard appropriate to the class of
work.
V. WELD TESTING
The contractor, his subcontractor and/or his fabricator shall be responsible for the preparation of all welded test pieces as and
when required by the Engineer and for the provision, maintenance and efficiency of all apparatus and equipment necessary to the
conducting of such tests in accordance with the procedure laid down in B.S.709.
Non-destructive testing of welds on completed member and joints shall be carried out by the Engineer during the course of
fabrication as required and any length of weld or any welded joints exhibiting any defects shall be rejected and all such defects shall
be cut out and replaced with sound work. The entire cost of making good or replacing any such rejection shall be borne by the
contractor.
The contractor, his sub-contractor and/or his fabricator, shall be responsible for all preparations necessary for the carrying out of
non-destructive testing of welds on completed members and completed members and joints to the satisfaction of the Engineer and
shall provide all assistance required for conducting such tests.
W. WELDING PLANT
All plant used for shop and site welding shall be capable of maintaining at the fusion face the voltage and current specified by the
manufacturer of the electrodes and the contractor, his sub-contractor and/or his fabricator shall provide the necessary instruments
for measuring the voltage and current as and when required by the engineer.
X. BOLTS
Black bolts and nuts shall be in accordance with B.S. 4190 and shall have their bearing faces machined. Close tolerance bolts and
nuts shall be in accordance with B.S3692 and shall have their bearing faces machined, be turned on the shank and shall be screwed
with unified coarse threads to B.S.1580. Flat and taper steel washers shall be in accordance with B.S4320. Washers shall be
provided under the nuts of all black bolts and close tolerance bolts so that the nut, when screwed up tight, does not bear on the
shank of the bolt.
Taper washers of correct angle of taper shall be provided under all bolt-heads and nuts that are required to bear on bevelled
surfaces.
Y. HIGH STRENGTH FRICTION GRIP BOLTS

High strength friction grip (H.S.F.) bolts, nuts and washers shall be of either high strength load indicating bolts and nuts of an
approved pattern or shall be provided with load indicators of an approved pattern under the heads of the bolts. The dimension of
high strength friction grip bolts and nuts shall be in accordance with B.S.4395 except only for the dimensions of the load indicating
washers shall be supplied by manufacturers approved by the Engineer.
Non load indicating bolts or washers may be used with prior approval of the Engineer. The part-turn method of tightening shall be
used with these bolts.
All bolts shall have clear distinctive marks to identify them. The bolts and washers shall be electro-zinc plated or zinc coated
sheradizing and the nuts cadmium plated by the manufacturer to ensure that the nuts do not cease under tension. All components
shall be stored carefully to ensure no deterioration of finish.
Z. USE OF HIGH STRENGTH FRICTION GRIP BOLTS
The use of high Strength friction Grip Bolts shall be in accordance with B.S.4604.
AA. SURFACES
Surfaces of plates in joints shall be free of paint or any other applied finish (except galvanising), oil, dirt, rust, loose scale, burrs or
other defects which would prevent solid seating of the parts or would interfere with the development of friction between them.
AB. MINIMUM PLY THICKNESS
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General Grade Bolts - no outer ply, and wherever possible no inner ply, shall be smaller in thickness than half the bolt diameter or
10mm whichever is the less.
High Grade Bolts - no outer ply, and wherever possible no inner ply, shall be less than 10mm.
AC. SPACING OF BOLTS
This shall be as shown on the Drawings or otherwise in accordance with B.S.449. The tool to be used for tightening should be taken
into account when arranging the disposition of bolts in a joint.
AD. ASSEMBLY OF JOINT
Holes shall be lined up with draft pins until bolts in the remaining holes are fully tightened. Driving of bolts will not be permitted. The
ends of the bolts and nuts shall be clear and lightly lubricated. No lubricant shall come into contact with the ply faces. Each bolt and
nut shall have a flat round washer and taper washer as necessary. Load indicating washers shall be fitted with the protrusions
against the bolt head or against a special nut face washer when fitted at the nut end.
AE. TIGHTENING
Tightening shall be in a staggered pattern agreed with the Engineer before hand, working from the centre of joint outwards. Each
bolt tightening operation shall be carried out speedily until the required gap under the load indicating washer is reached. This shall
be measured using a feeler gauge.
Appropriate allowance shall be made in the gap for the location of the indicating washer relative to the bolt. Tightening may be
carried out using manual or power wrenches but not torque wrenches and must be carried out until the bolt reaches the minimum
specified tension.
Full details must be obtained from the manufacturer regarding details of the installation, tightening and use of load indicating washer
to confirm the correct tension has been developed in the bolts.
AF. BOLT FAILURE
If after final tightening a nut or bolt is slackened off for any reason, or becomes slack, the nut, bolt and washer must be discarded
and not used again.
AG. PAINTING
The gap under the load indicating device shall be filled with paint.
AH. PART TURN TIGHTENING

In certain circumstances the part turn method may be permitted. The sequence of tightening bolts in a group shall be agreed before
hand with the Engineer. The bolts shall be tightened initially with a standard podger spanner to bring the joint surfaces into close
contact. This must be checked before the tightening process is completed.
A permanent mark shall be cut on the nut and protruding end of the bolt using a cold chisel and the nut finally tightened with an
impact wrench to turn it relative to the bolt and specified amount to produce the required minimum tension.
AI. SHOULDERED BOLTS AND NUTS

Shouldered bolts and nuts shall be black bolts and nuts in accordance with B.S.2078 and shall be screwed with unified coarse
threads to B.S. 1580 and shall be of the dimensions shown on the Drawings. Shouldered bolts shall be provided at all expansion
and other sliding joints and shall be supplied with all necessary washers.
AJ. ANCHOR BOLTS AND NUTS

Anchor bolts and nuts for setting in concrete shall be as shown on the Drawings or as approved by the Engineer and shall be fixed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s technical information sheets giving full particulars of the bolts including the mechanical
properties of the bolts, the safe working loads and methods of fixing and usage.
AK. PACKING FOR SHIPMENT
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All cleats, gussets, stiffeners, brackets and other projecting material arising out of fabrication shall be protected from damage while
being transported in such a manner as to prevent distortion. All machine surfaces shall be suitably protected. All straight bars,
except small pieces, shall be shipped in bundles of convenient size and shall be temporarily bolted together or bound with annealed
steel wire.
All bolts, nuts, washers, screws, small pieces and other small articles shall be adequately packed in crate or other suitable
containers. Each piece, packing, bundle and crate shall be clearly marked with its weight and with the appropriate shipping marks
before despatch from the fabricator’s yard.
AL. ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEELWORK
The erection of all structural steelwork at the site shall be in accordance with the provision of B.S.449. When lifting and fitting
steelwork into position care shall be taken that the members are not twisted, bent or damaged.
Suitable slings, blocks, tackles, shear legs, derrick, cranes and other types of lifting appliances and equipment shall be provided and
every care and precaution shall be taken to ensure the safety of all persons engaged in such work.
The erection of the steelwork shall be carried out in such a manner as not to subject any of the members to overstressing, or
reversal of loading, which the members are not designed to support. During erection the steelwork shall be securely braced,
propped or otherwise temporarily supported until such time as the steelwork is lined, levelled and braced and bolted in its final
position.
AM. ERECTION BY OTHERS

Where the steelwork is to be erected by parties other than the fabricator, then the fabricator shall supply complete
drawings of the steelwork with itemised and numbered pieces corresponding to the references stencilled on the actual pieces
together with all necessary bolts, washers of all kinds required for the complete erection of the steelwork. The fabricator shall also
provide any special instructions on the method and sequence of erection and any notes maintaining stability, or pointing out any
erection procedures which can cause overstress or collapse.
The erector, if in doubt of any methods proposed by himself or laid down by the fabricator shall consult with the Engineer and the
fabricator before continuing.
Notwithstanding all instructions the responsibility for erection in a proper manner shall lie with the erector.
AN. SETTING OUT

The steelwork shall be set out accurately to line and level and plumbed vertically (or such other angle as required) in accordance
with the Drawings and no permanent fixing or final tightening up of the bolts or other connections or concreting in of steelwork
shall be carried out until the steelwork has been approved by the Engineer.
AO. HOLDING DOWN BOLTS
Holding down bolts shall normally be placed and concreted in by the main contractor. The steelwork erector shall check the
accuracy of the position and level of the bolts before the bolts are concreted in.
Any pockets formed for adjustment or placing of the bolts after the main concrete base is cast shall be as shown on the Drawings or
to the Engineer’s approval.
AP. BEDDING OF BASE PLATES

Steel stanchions with base plates shall be supported on steel shims or wedges to obtain the correct line and level of the stanchions
and the holding down bolts tightened by hand. Prior to bedding the base plates, the space under the plates shall be cleaned out.
The base plates shall be bedded using cement/sand 1:2 mortar with sufficient water to make the mortar flow under pressure or by
vibration or by rodding until the whole space under the base is completely filled. The steel shims or wedges shall be left in. After
hardening of the mortar the holding down bolt shall be tightened by spanner as required.
AQ. CONCRETING IN OF MEMBERS

Where any portion of a steel member is designed to be cast into concrete, the surfaces in contact with concrete shall be thoroughly
cleaned of paint or other adherent matter.
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When members are to be concrete in, whether supplied with temporary positioning bolts or otherwise, they shall be lined and
levelled and plumbed and firmly supported before concreting in.
If base plates are shown on the drawings, these shall be grouted in as above prior to concreting.
AR. NAILS, SCREWS AND BOLTS

Nails, screws and bolts shall be of best quality mild steel of lengths and weights approved by the Architect. Nails shall be to
B.S.1202 and bolts to B.S.916.
Bolts shall project at least two threads through nuts and all bolts passing through timber shall have washers under heads and nuts.
AS. FIXING METAL WINDOWS, DOORS, ETC
The contractor’s prices for fixing metal windows, doors, etc., shall include for assembling and fixing, including screwing to wood
frames and cutting mortices for lugs in concrete or walling and running with cement mortar (1:4), bedding frames in similar mortar
and pointing in mastic, bedding sills, transomes, mullions in mastic, making good plaster around both sides, and fixing , oiling and
adjusting all fittings and frames.
AT. METAL WINDOWS
Metal windows shall be steel standard section windows supplied and installed by the contractor or an approved specialist, sub-
contractor. In the case of a specialist sub-contractor, the contractor shall provide any general or special attendance as may be
required by the sub-contractor.
PART NINE
FINISHINGS SPECIFICATIONS
FINISHINGS
GENERAL
A. OTHER SPECIFICATIONS
All other specifications of this contract where applicable are deemed to apply equally to the finishings specifications.
B SAMPLES
The contractor shall prepare at his own cost sample areas of the paving, plastering and rendering as directed until the quality,
texture and finish required is obtained and approved by the Architect after which all work executed shall conform with the respective
approved samples.
C FINISHED THICKNESSES
The thicknesses of floor finishes quoted in this section of the specification shall be the minimum requirements.
Suspended floors shall have a constant structural thickness and have level top surfaces. The finished floor surface will equally have
constant level and any adjustment needed to achieve this effect with the varying floor finish materials is to be made in the screeds
beneath the same.
Slabs bearing on the ground may be cast to varying levels, and be of constant thickness with varying formation levels, or have
varying thicknesses at the option of the contractor. This stipulation in no way relieves the contractor of the requirements of the
specifications for the structural work.
D MATERIALS GENERALLY
All materials shall be of high quality, obtained from manufacturer’s to be approved by the Architect. Cement, sand and water shall
be as described under concrete work and Blockwork.
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E BONDING
Bonding compounds, etc., for use in applying plaster and similar finishes direct to surfaces without the use of backings or screeds
are only to be used if approved by the architect and are to be used strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s printed
instructions.
F. CHASES, OPENINGS AND HOLES

All chases, holes and the like which were not formed in the concrete or walling shall be cut, and all service pipes shall be fixed and
all holes and chases filled with mortar before paving and plaster work is commenced. In no circumstances will the contractor be
permitted to cut chases, holes and the like in finishes pavings or plasterwork..
INSITU FINISHINGS
G GENERALLY
The term plastering refers to the operation internally and rendering to the same operation externally but for ease of reference the
term plastering has generally been used in this specification to describe both operations.
H MIXES
The methods of measuring and mixing plaster shall be as laid down under concrete work and the proportions and minimum
thickness of finished plaster shall be in accordance with the following:-
Item of work Mix Minimum Thickness and finish

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Internal Plaster 1 part cement 16mm finish to walls and ceilings.
¼ part lime wood float finish unless otherwise
4 parts sand specified.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
External Render 1 part cement 12mm finish in two coats
4 parts sand
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tyrolean finish Ditto 6mm finished thickness in two coats
on 10mm plastered backing
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To obtain greater plasticity a small quantity of lime may be added to the mixes for external plastering at the Architect’s discretion but
in any case this is not to exceed ¼ part lime to 1 part cement.
With regard to the lime mortars gauged with cement, of the cement to small quantities of the lime/sand mix shall preferably take
place in a mechanical mixer and mixing shall continue for such time as will ensure uniform distribution or materials and uniform
colour and consistency. It is important to note that the quality of water used shall be carefully controlled. Plaster may be mixed
either in a mechanical mixing machine or by hand.
Hand mixed plaster shall first be mixed in the dry state being turned over at least three times. The required amount of water should
then be added and the mix again turned over three times or until such time as the mass is uniform in colour and homogeneous.
The plaster shall be completely used within thirty minutes of mixing and hardened plaster shall not be remixed but removed from the
site.
I PREPARATION OF SURFACES FOR PLASTER ETC.
Irregularities in the surfaces to be plastered or rendered shall be filled with mortar, without lime, twenty four hours before plastering
is commenced. Joints in blockwork etc., are to be wel raked out before plastering to form a good key. Smooth concrete surfaces to
be plastered shall be treated with an approved proprietary bonding agent or hacked to provide an adequate key for the plaster.
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All surfaces to be plastered or rendered shall be clean and free from dust, loose mortar and all traces of salts. All surfaces shall be
thoroughly sprayed with water and all free water allowed to disappear before plaster is applied.
As far as practical plastering shall not be commenced until all mechanical and electrical services, conduits, pipes and fixtures have
been installed.
Before plastering is commenced all junctions between differing materials shall be reinforced. This shall apply where walls join
columns and beams, particularly where flush and similar situations where cracks are likely to develop and as directed by the
Architect. The reinforcement shall consist of a strip of galvanised wire mesh. Expament or equal approved 15cm wide which shall
be plugged, nailed or stapled as required at intervals not exceeding 45mm at both edges. The surfaces to which such mesh shall be
applied shall be painted with one coat bituminous paint prior to fixing the mesh.
J APPLICATION OF PLASTER AND RENDER
After preparation of the surfaces a key coat of cement slurry shall be applied to the wetted surface to be plastered. When this coat
is dry the plaster coat shall be applied, by means of a trowel between screeds laid, ruled and plumbed as necessary. This coat
which shall be to the required thickness shall be allowed to be so hard and then cured as described. Surfaces are to be finished
with a wood or steel float to a smooth flat surface free from all marks.
Tyrolean finish shall be applied with an approved machine to give a finish of even texture and thickness. The sprayed finish shall be
applied in two separate coats allowing time for drying between coats.
Application in one continuous operation to build up a thick layer will not be permitted. The total finished thickness of the two sprayed
coats shall be not less than 6mm.. the sprayed finish shall not be applied until all repairs and making good to the undercoat are
completed. any plaster which adheres to pipes, doors, windows and the like shall be carefully removed before it has set. Curing
shall take place after the application of the second coat. The pressed finish as directed by the Architect. Where coloured tyrolean is
required this shall be obtained by the addition to the mix of any approved colour pigment.
All plastering and rendering shall be executed in a neat workman like manner. All faces except circular work shall be true and flat
and angles shall be straight and level or plumb. Plastering shall be neatly made good around pipes or fittings. Angles shall be
rounded to 6 mm radius.
All tools, implements, vessels and surfaces shall be at all times kept scrupulously clean and strict precautions shall be taken to
prevent the plaster or other materials from being contaminated by pieces of partially set material which would tend to retard or
accelerate the setting time.
K CURING OF PLASTER
Each coat of plaster is to be maintained in a moist condition for at least three days after it has developed enough strength not to be
damaged by water.
They shall be securely plugged, nailed or stapled as required at intervals not exceeding 450mm at both edges.
C ANGLE BEADS
Where required by the Architect, salient external angles of plastered walls shall be protected with galvanised mild steel angle beads
complying with BS 1246 Fig.7 profile C3.
They shall be securely plugged, nailed or stapled as required at intervals not exceeding 450mm at both edges.
A PLASTER STOPS
Where shown on details, plasterwork shall be stopped against “expamet” glavanized steel plaster stop reference 565 which shall be
securely nailed to wall in the positions indicated on the drawings.
B CEMENT AND SAND SCREEDS
Screed shall be mixed and formed as described.
C GRANOLITHIC PAVING
The granolithic paving shall be laid by a specialist floor layer and constructed as follows:-
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Curing compounds if specified or approved by the Architect shall be used in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Surface hardening solutions of sodium silicate if purchased as liquid shall be of the grade sold for this purpose. Fourteen days after
curing the surface shall be sprayed with three coats of sodium silicate solution and spread evenly with a mop or soft brush.
Unabsorbed silicate left on the surface after the last application is to be washed off.
Solution is to 1:4 by volume for first coat, 1:3 for second, 1:2 for third, applied at 24 hour intervals.
The base concrete structural floor shall be finished with a tamped surface. Shortly before the granolithic topping is to be laid the
surface of the base concrete is to be thoroughly prepared to provide a good bond. The base concrete shall be hacked by hand or
mechanically so that its laitance is completely removed to expose clean coarse aggregate. All traces of dust formed as a result of
hacking etc., shall be removed. The base concrete shall be thoroughly wetted prior to laying. Any excess water shall be removed
prior to the grouting.
The prepared surface of the base concrete shall be covered with a grout consisting of one part cement and one part sand mixed to
the consistency of thick cream and it shall be scrubbed into the surface with a stiff broom.
The granolithic topping shall be mixed in the following proportions by weight:-
1 part cement, 1 part fine aggregate and 2 parts coarse aggregate.
The water content of the granolithic topping shall be kept as low as possible consistent with obtaining full compaction of the topping
with the plant available in order to avoid segregation of excessive laitance and in no circumstances must water/cement ratio exceed
0.42 by weight.
The granolithic topping shall be mixed for a period of not less than 11/2 minutes after all the materials have been placed in the mixer
drum. No concrete shall be removed from the drum so that some water will enter the drum before the cement and aggregates.
Each batch shall be discharged completely before the next batch is introduced. No extra water or other material shall be added to
the mix after it has left the mixer.
If electrical conduit, trunking or any other items are required to be buried within the granolithic topping and the thickness is reduced
at any point the contractor is to ensure that steps are taken to eliminate the possibility of cracking in the granolithic topping by means
of galvanised wire mesh reinforcement in the flooring or other approved method. The extent of buried conduits, etc., should be
ascertained prior to tendering and allowance for complying with this requirement will be deemed to be included in the rates for
granolithic flooring.
The granolithic toping shall be laid in areas not exceeding 14M2. The length of any bay should not exceed 1½ times the width of
that bay. Joints shall be made in the granolithic topping over all joints in the base concrete and over all supporting beams for
suspended floors.
Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings all contraction and construction joints in the granolithic topping shall be simple but joints
without a filler.
The forms shall be fixed rigidly on a firm foundation and supported throughout their length so that they will not be disturbed by the
spreading and compacting of the concrete. The forms shall be true to line within + or -1mm and to level within + or -2mm. The
forms shall be set well in advance of laying the topping and shall be checked for level immediately before concreting starts.
The granolithic topping shall be placed as soon as possible after being mixed in two courses each 31mm thick. In no circumstances
should the depth of granolithic spread in one operation be greater than that which can be fully
compacted by the means available. No more than 1 hour should elapse between placing the courses. The mix proportions and
water content of the granolithic shall be identical in each course.
The lower course must be compacted before the upper course and each course of topping shall be fully compacted with neither
segregation nor excessive laitance. Particular care shall be taken to ensure full compaction of the concrete should be placed to an
adequate surcharge to ensure full compaction.
After the topping concrete has been placed, levelled and fully compacted it shall be trowelled at least three times at intervals during
the ensuing 6 - 10 hours so as to produce a uniform and hard surface with high resistance to abrasion. Under no circumstances
should cement be sprinkled on the surface and trowelled in to absorb surplus water.
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As soon as the surface has been finished it shall be protected against rapid drying out by erecting barriers against wind or draughts
and against strong sunlight. As soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently to prevent damage to its surface the floor shall be
cured continuously for a minimum of 7 days by one of the following means:-
1. By means of wet canvas or straw mats or 50mm thickness of damp sand laid on the
surface and kept continuously damp in position for the full curing period.
2. By means of building paper, plastic or other waterproofing sheeting which shall be kept
in close contact with the surface of the concrete. The covering overlap the sides and ends of the slab and shall be lapped
75mm at all joints. The covering shall be securely held in position for the full curing period.
3. By spraying the surface with an approved proprietary curing medium not less than one
gallon of which shall be applied to every 20 m2 of surface.
At the end of the curing period the contractor shall take all precautions required by the Architect to ensure that the floor will dry out
slowly. Under no circumstance will artificial heating be permitted in the building for a period of at least six weeks after the topping
has been laid and thereafter the temperature shall not be increased rapidly. Side forms shall not be removed from freshly placed
granolithic until it is at least 12 months old and then only with the Architect’s approval. Care shall be taken to avoid damaging the
granolithic. If any damage occurs the contractor will be responsible for making good to the Architect’s satisfaction.
A INSITU TERRAZZO WORK
The terrazzo pavings and screeds under are to be laid and polished complete by an approved specialist firm.
Where the screed is to be bonded to the concrete structural sub-floor, the latter shall be finished with a tamped surface and left
clean and free from dust and grease.
Before laying the screed the surface shall be covered with a grout of one part sand and one part cement brushed in with stiff broom.
The screed is to be laid before the grout has set.
All screeds under in-situ and precast terrazzo paving are to be laid by the approved specialist firm. The screeds shall consist of one
part ordinary Portland cement to three parts sharp washed sand. This mix may be varied by agreement on the responsibility of the
approved specialist firm.
The screed is to be reinforced with 22 gauge galvanised steel wire netting with mesh not exceeding 1” laid direct on the sub-floor of
bays exceeding 1 square metre.
The screed backing in-situ skirtings is to be such as to adhere firmly to the various materials of the walls.
The thickness of in-situ terrazzo finishes are minimal and they may be increased if the specialist considers it necessary with
corresponding reductions to the screed thicknesses providing the overall thickness of the finished flooring is maintained and without
adjustment to the price quoted. The following thicknesses are assumed in measuring the terrazzo:-
Finish Bedding Screed Total
In-situ paving 25 - 40
In-situ margins 25 - 40
In-situ skirtings 8 - 12
If electrical conduit, trunking or other items are required to be buried within the depth of the screed and flooring and the total
thickness is reduced at any point the flooring specialist is to ensure that steps are taken to eliminate the possibility of cracking in the
screed and consequent damage to floor finish by means of galvanised wire mesh reinforcement in the screed and flooring or other
approved method. The extent of buried conduit, etc., should be ascertained prior to tendering and allowance for complying with this
requirement will be deemed to be included in the rates for terrazzo pavings and screeds under.
The in-situ terrazzo paving is to consist of two parts of white marble chippings to one part of white Portland Cement to B.S.1014.
The marble chippings to be fine (graded 3mm to 6mm in equal proportions) rounded glanular clean and free from dust and
impurities.
In-situ terrazzo paving should be laid on the screed as soon as practicable and not more than three days after the laying of the
screed. After laying the surfaces are to be kept moist until ready for polishing.
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The in-situ terrazzo paving should be laid in panels separated by dividing strips in the positions shown on the drawings. Dividing
strips are to be white plastic the full depth of the paving and screed and bedded into the screed with the tip edges truly levelled with
the finish polished floor level. The thickness of the dividing strips is to be 5mm.
Polishing of in-situ terrazzo paving is to be carried out by a mechanical polisher with graded abrasives and any necessary water.
Making good of any defects during polishing is to be done with cement grout matching in colour that used in the terrazzo paving.
The finish of in-situ terrazzo pavings is to be smooth and imperforable and is to be approved by the Architect.
The terrazzo pavings is to be washed clean on completion and covered with a thick bed of sawdust or other approved protective
layer. This should be maintained and renewed as necessary and cleared away on completion.
Lay in-situ skirtings to match paving or of approved colour and finish coved at junction with paving of floor finish to 20mm radius.
Execute all required angles and stopped or fair returned ends.
Vertical dividing strips to match those used in paving are required at not more than three feet intervals. A diving strip is required
between paving and skirting at the commencement of the coving.
Facing of diving strip nearest to wall to be 200mm from face of skirting.
A horizontal diving strip is required at top skirting finished flush with wall finish over.
Where in-situ terrazzo skirtings are required under door frames, etc., a pencil round junction is to be made threshold paving in lieu of
coving as shown on drawings.
In-situ margins shall have dividing strips to match those used in pavings. They shall be positioned at junctions with paving and
skirting and transversely at not more than three feet intervals to continue vertical strip in skirting.
All internal angles and coves are to be rubbed by hand with carborundum block to be polished finish matching the finish of the
paving to the Architect’s approval.
A SURFACE HARDENERS
Floor hardeners shall comprise an approved type guaranteed by the makers to produce a hard dense concrete with high abrasive
resistance, impervious to the penetration of heavy oils, acid or alkali solutions and to be used strictly in accordance with the maker’s
instructions.
The first dressing of sodium silicate for granolithic flooring shall be one part of sodium silicate to six parts of water by volume.
Subsequent dressing shall be composed of one part of sodium silicate to four parts of water by volume, for all surfaces. The two
liquids shall be well mixed together, sprayed over the flooring and spread evenly with a mop or soft brush, any excess being wiped
off and the flooring allowed to dry at least 24 hours after dressing. After final drying, floors shall be washed with clean water.
B RATES OF IN-SITU WORK
The rates for in-situ work shall include for raking out joints of blockwork or bonding coat or spraying cement slurry on new concrete
surfaces to form key, for work in narrow widths, small and isolated areas rounded arrises, fair and chamfered edges, for making
good up to boundaries of other work for making good working around pipes, brackets etc., and for all other incidental labours.
Rates shall also include for masking before the application of spray finishes work executed overhead, temporary rules, supports,
screeds and templates.
TILES , SLAB AND BLOCK FINISHINGS
B VINYL ASBESTOS TILES
Vinyl asbsestos floor tiles shall comply with B.S 3260 of an approved manufacturer to patterns as directed by the Architect.
Adhesives are to be recommended by the manufacturer in writing and approved by the Architect.
The tiles are to be laid and bedded direct in adhesive on to a cement and sand bed to make up the total paving thickness.
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The cement and sand screed is to be finished with a steel trowel to a perfectly smooth surface before the application of the mastic
and tiling.
On completion, vinyl asbestos tiles are to be sealed and polished with wax all in accordance with the manufacturer’s printed
instructions.
C CLAY TILE PAVING
Clay tile paving are to be in 150mm x 150mm tiles obtained from an approved manufacturer, and are to be laid on prepared screeds.
The tiles are to be bedded in cement and sand (1:4) with straight joints in each direction. Upon completion grout in cement and
wash and clean down. Tiles are to be cut with an electric tile cutting saw.
D GLAZED WALL TILES
Glazed wall tiles shall be in accordance with B.S1281 and shall be 150mm x 150mm x 6mm tiles from the standard colour range
with cusion edges. Wall tiling shall be carried out in accordance with C. P.212.
E PRECAST CONCRETE PAVING SLAB
To be all in accordance with B.S.368. The slabs are to be of the sizes given herein and bedded, jointed and pointed in cement lime
mortar. (1:2:9).
F RATES
The rates for tile, slab and block finishings shall include for rounded edge tiles and angles, cutting and fitting up to boundaries and
around pipes, brackets, etc., and waste; for work in narrow widths, small and isolated areas and for all other incidental labours.
PART TEN
GLAZING
MATERIALS
A GENERAL
Glass used in glazing and for mirrors shall be best quality clear glass free from visible defects so as to afford uninterrupted vision or
reflection as appropriate, and without obvious distortion.
B STANDARDS
Glass for glazing and mirrors shall be of approved manufacture and is to comply with B.S.952 in all respects free from flaws,
bubbles, specks and other imperfections.
C CLEAR SHEET GLASS ETC.
The clear sheet glass shall be ordinary glazing (OG) quality.
D PLATE GLASS
To be of type described and as approved by the Architect.
E OBSCURED GLASS
To be of type described and as approved by the Architect.
I Putty
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(a) The putty for glazing to wood sashes is to be linseed oil putty all as B.S.544.
(b) The putty for glazing to metal windows is to be gold size metal window putty specially designed
for tropical use, or patent mastic putty if approved by the Architect.
(c) All putty shall be delivered on site in the original manufacturer’s sealed cans or drums and used direct therefrom, with the
addition only of pure linseed oil if necessary. No mineral or other oils may be used in the putty except genuine linseed oil.
A MIRRORS
Mirrors shall be polished float glass silverin quality, protected at back with electro-copper backing coated with shellac varnish and
paint. The mirrors are to be fixed with chromium plated dome headed mirror screws with plastic or rubber distance pieces and
washers unless otherwise stated and rates shall include for this.
WORKMANSHIP
B GENERAL
Glazing of all types and in all locations shall be carefully executed by artisans skilled in this type of work and in conformance with
recommendations of C.P.152. Glazing shall be carefully fitted so that it is not subject to pressure and stress imposed by being an
overtight fit within the framing.
C MEASUREMENTS
Each element (door, window etc.) to receive glass shall be accurately measured to ensure a perfect fit subsequently.
D SINGLE GLAZING
Single glazing shall be executed with glass of the various types described herein. Ordinary (non –safety) glass may be pre-cut or
cut on site.
E WIRED GLASS
Wired glass shall be cut so that the wires embedded are truly vertical and horizontal (i.e at right angles to the cut edges).
F SAFETY GLASS
Safety glass shall be factory cut before delivery to site. Site cutting will not be permitted.
G STORAGE AND HANDLING
Glass shall be delivered to site in stout containers and clearly marked. The containers shall incorporate sling attachment points for
lifting bridles. Glass shall be stored under cover so that the panes are truly vertical.
H PROTECTION
After fixing glass shall be boldly marked with paper or whitewash so that it is clearly visible. In positions where damage due to
construction traffic or activity is likely to occur stout screens composed of hardboard or fibreboard on battens shall be arranged to
protect the glass.
A DAMAGE
Should any glass delivered to site be found to be damaged it shall not be incorporated into the works without the express permission
of the Architect. Should glazing installed be damaged for any reason it shall be removed and replaced free of charge to the
satisfaction of the Architect. Should any adjacent works be damaged this shall equally be reinstated free of charge to the
satisfaction of the Architect.
B DEFECT WORK
All glass shall be checked before installation to ensure that defective glass is not installed. Notwithstanding this, if in the opinion of
the Architect, any installed glazing is defective it shall be removed and replaced free of charge to the satisfaction of the Architect.
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C GLAZING TO WOOD
Glazing shall be secured to wood framing with hardwood beads. Edges shall be wrapped in washleather so that the washleather
finishes just below the surface of the bead. No adhesives shall be used.
D GLAZING TO METAL
Glazing shall be secured to metal framing with clip in butyl rubber gaskets.
E GLASS THICKNESS
Glass thickness shall conform to the recommendations of C.P.152 and the manufacturer’s recommendations for sizes of panes
relative to the position in the building and the effects of wind pressure (both negative and positive).
F CLEANING
All window glazed panels and mirrors shall be cleaned both inside and out immediately prior to the handing over of the building to
satisfaction of the Architect.
PART ELEVEN
SPECIFICATIONS PAINTING & DECORATING
PAINTING AND DECORATING
MATERIALS
A MANUFACTURERS
Except where stated all materials shall be obtained from approved manufacturers. The contractor shall state the name and address
of the manufacturer whose materials he proposes to use. Once approval has been given the contractor shall not obtain materials
from other sources without the prior written agreement of the Architect.
B GENERAL
Each succeeding coat of priming, undercoating and finishing (pigment) or clear coating shall be sufficiently different in colour as to
be readily distinguishable.
All primers and paints in one system upon a particular surface shall be obtained from the same manufacturer.
The mixing of paints, etc, of difference brands before or during application will not be permitted.
C EMULSION PAINTS
Emulsion paints shall be matt to satin finish vinyl emulsion paint. The first (mist) coat shall be thinned in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
D GLOSS PAINT
Gloss paint shall be hard gloss finish oil paint.
E LEAD BASED PAINT

The use of lead based paints will not be permitted.
F CLEAR FINISHES
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Clear finishes internally shall be clear polyurethane varnish (one pack).
G PRIMERS AND UNDERCOATS
Unless otherwise specified, primers and undercoats shall be the type recommended by the manufacture of the finishing coats
specified for a particular surface. Primer for external bare metalwork surfaces shall comply with B.S 2523.
H KNOTTING
Shellac knotting shall comply with B.S 1336
A WHITE SPIRIT
The white spirit shall comply with B.S. 245.
B TIMBER STAIN
Timber stain shall be oil based pigmented stain. The application of this materials shall be strictly in accordance with the
manufacturers written instructions. Tint and degree of application shall be to the approval of the Architect.
C STOPPING
The stopping shall be as follows:-
(a) plasterwork shall be plaster based filler.
(b) Concrete and brick work shall be similar material to the background and finished in a similar texture.
(c) Internal woodwork, plywood and blockboard shall be putty complying with B.S.544.
(d) External woodwork shall be white lead paste complying with B.S 2029.
(e) Internal clear wood finishes: the stopping shall be that recommended by the clear lacquer manufacturer.
D FILLERS
The fillers for internal joinery shall be the type recommended by the paint manufacturer for use with his type of paint or lacquer.
Stopper and fillers shall be tinted to match the under coat, and shall be compatible with both undercoats and primers.
All materials shall be used strictly in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
E TEXTURED COATING
Textured coating is to be of proprietary manufacture approved by the architect and of an approved colour.
Technical information concerning the coating is to be submitted to the Architect before ordering, but the minimum qualities of the
coating are to as follows:-
(a) Suitable for application internally and externally, plastered, rendered, concrete, block stone, brick, asbestos and timber
surfaces.
(b) Minimum durability of 10 years even in exposed conditions
(c) Maintenance free
(d) Built- in mould resistant fungicide.
WORKMANSHIP
A GENERAL
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Workmanship generally shall be carried out in accordance with B.S.C.P 231, unless otherwise specified. Before painting is
commenced floors shall be swept and washed over; surfaces to be painted shall be cleaned before
applying paint as specified, and all precautions taken to keep down dust whilst work is in progress. No paint shall be applied to
surfaces structurally or superficially damp and all surfaces must be ascertained to be free from condensation, efflorescence, etc..,
before the application of each coat. No painting shall be carried out externally during humid, rainy, damp, foggy or freezing
conditions, or conditions where surfaces have attained excessively high temperatures or during dust storms. No new primed or
undercoated woodwork and metal work shall be left in an exposed or unsuitable situation for an undue period before completing the
process.
No dilution of paint materials shall be allowed except strictly as detailed by the manufacturer’s own direction, either on the
containers, or their literature, and with special permission of the Architect. For external work dilution of paints will not be allowed
whatsoever. For internal work, where permitted by the Architect, undercoats may be thinned by the addition of not more than 5%
thinners. Gloss finish shall not be thinned at all.
Metal fittings suchs as ironmongery etc., not required to be painted shall first be fitted and then removed before the preparatory
processes are commenced. When all paining is completed the fittings shall be cleaned as necessary and refixed in position.
B BRUSHWORK
Unless otherwise specified, all primers and paints shall be brush applied. Written permission must be obtained from the Architect’s if
an alternative method of application is to be used.
C STOPPING AND FILLING
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer all primers and undercoats shall be stopped flush and rubbed down to a smooth
surface with an abrasive paper and all dust removed before each succeeding coat is applied. Care shall be taken to prevent
burnishing of the surface.
D STIRRING
Unless otherwise specified by the paint manufacturer all paint materials shall be thoroughly mixed and/or stirred before and during
use, and suitably strained as and when necessary.
E INSPECTION
No priming coats shall be applied until the surfaces have been inspected and the preparatory work has been approved by the
Architect. No undercoats of finishing coats shall be applied until the previous coat has been similarly inspected and approved.
A. PAINT APPLICATION
Each coat of paint shall be so applied as to produce a film of uniform thickness. All paint shall be applied in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. Special attention shall be given to ensure that all surfaces including edges, corners, crevices, welds
and rivets receive a film thickness equivalent to that of adjacent painted surfaces.
B DRYING
All coats shall be thoroughly dried before succeeding coats are applied. Allow a minimum of 24 hours between application on any
one surface, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
C UPRIMED WOODWORKS
Unprimed woodwork scheduled to be painted shall be rubbed down with abrasive paper and dusted off. Care shall be taken to
prevent ‘burnishing’ of the surface. All knots and resinous areas shall be coated with two coats of knotting. Pitch on large, open
unseasoned knots and all other beads or streaks of pitch shall be scrapped off, or if still soft, shall be removed with white spirit
before applying the knotting.
Apply one coat of priming to all surface, two coats to all end grain, to be subsequently painted. Backs of all wood frames in contact
with concrete, brickwork, blockwork, and metalwork or similar materials shall be primed before fixing. After priming all joints, holes,
cracks shall be stopped and filled, rubbed down and dusted off.
D PRIMED WOODWORK
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Woodwork delivered primed shall be lightly rubbed down with abrasive paper, and dusted off. Touch up bare areas with a similar
priming including open grained ends. After touch priming all joints holes, cracks and open grained ends shall be stopped and filled,
rubbed down and dusted off.
E PLYWOOD AND BLOCKBOARD

Edges of exterior plywood and blockboard shall be sealed with two coats of aluminium primer and the backs treated with a lead
primer.
F CLEAR FINISHED WOODWORK

All woodwork scheduled to receive a clear finish shall be well sanded with the grain removing all dirt etc.., to give as smooth a
surface as possible. Resinous timber shall be swabbed down with white spirit and dried thoroughly.
Split or end grain shall be filled with suitable filler recommended by the clear lacquer manufacturer in accordance with their
instructions, and of the appropriate shade.
G BARE METALWORK
Bare metalwork shall be thoroughly cleaned off all dirt, grease, rust and scale by means of chipping, scrapping and wire brushing;
particular attentions should be given to the cleaning of welded, brazed and soldered joints. Wash down with white spirit and wipe
dry with clean rags. Apply a coat of metal primer immediately the cleaned surfaces have been approved by the Architect.
A GALVANIZED METALWORK
Galvanized metalwork scheduled for painting shall be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, grease dusted and washed down with white spirit
and wiped dry with clean rags. Any minor areas of rust shall be removed by wire brushing and spot primed with a zinc rich primer.
Apply at least one coat of calcium plumbate primer at all surfaces subsequently to be painted.
B PRIMED METALWORK
If the priming coat of pre-primed metalwork has suffered damage in transit, or during erection on site, the affected areas shall be
cleaned off by wire brushing abrading and dusting off, the bared patches touched up with a primer of a similar type to that already
applied.
C COPPER
Copper scheduled for painting shall be lightly abraded with emery cloth, washed with white spirit and wiped dry with clean rags.
Apply a coat of each primer immediately the cleaned surfaces have been approved.
D BRICKWORK, CONCRETE ETC.
All brickwork, blockwork, concrete, rendered and plaster surfaces scheduled to be painted shall be brushed down, all holes and
cracks filled, all projections such as plaster or mortar splashes etc., removed to leave a suitable dust free surface. All traces of
mould oil shall be removed from concrete surfaces by scrubbing with water, detergent and rinsing with clean water. All these
surfaces shall be thoroughly dry before any primer or paints are applied. Apply a coat of alkali resisting primer where surfaces are
to be finished with oil paints or alkyd type emulsion.
Asbestos cement surfaces scheduled for painting shall be brushed down to remove powdery deposits, and a coat of alkali resisting
primer applied where such surfaces are to be finished with oil paints or alkyed resin type emulsion.
E COLOURS
The colour will, be selected by the Architect from the paint manufacturer’s standard colour range.
F TOXIC WASH
Concrete, blockwork, plaster and timber surfaces which are to be painted shall be washed down prior to painting with a toxic wash
applied by brush or spray. A second wash shall be applied two days after the first wash. The surfaces shall be then allowed to dry
out completely before application of paint.
G PROTECTION
Proper care must be taken to protect surfaces while still wet by use of screens and ‘wet paint’ signs where necessary.
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A DAMAGE
Care must be taken when preparing surfaces, or painting etc., not to stain or damage other work. Dust sheets and covers to the
satisfaction of the Architects shall be used to protect adjacent work. Any such stains or damage shall be removed and made good
at the Contractor’s expense.
B CLEANLINESS
All brushes, tools ,pails, kettles and equipment shall be clean and free from foreign matter. They shall be thoroughly cleaned after
use and before being used for different colours, types of classes of material. Painting shall not be carried out in the vicinity of other
operations that may cause dust. Waste liquids , oil soaked rag etc., shall be removed from the building each day. Waste liquids
shall not be thrown down in any sanitary fittings or drains.
C PERFORMANCE
If, while the work is in progress, the paint appears to be faulty, such as consistency of colour, drying time, or quality of finish, the
work shall be stopped at once and the manufacturer consulted.
The manufacturer’s of the materials shall be given every facility for inspecting the work during progress in order to ascertain that the
materials are being used in accordance to their directions, and to take samples of their products from the site if they so desire for
tests.
The finishing coats of the various paints or surface finishings shall be free from sags, brush marks, runs, wrinkling, dust, bare or
‘starved patches, variations in colour and texture, and other blemishes.
When the work has been completed, the finished surfaces shall not be inferior in quality, colour and finish to the samples approved
by the Architect, and imperfections in manufacture shall not be apparent through these finished surfaces.
In the event that the Architect is not satisfied that the quality of finish does not comply with the required standards and/or the
sample panel the contractor will be required to repaint at his own expense, such work to the satisfaction of the Architect. If in the
opinion of the Architect it is necessary to remove completely the unsatisfactory paintwork this shall also be done under the direction
of the Architect at the expense of the contractor.
D Packaging, Delivery and Storage
All paints and surface coatings shall be delivered in sound sealed containers, labelled clearly by the manufacturers, the label or
decorated container must state the following:-
(a) The type of product

(b) The brand name and colour
(c) The use for which it is intended
(d) The manufacturer’s batch number
(e) The B.S number if applicable
(f) All labels shall be printed – containers bearing type written labels will not be acceptable
Materials shall be stored under cover in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and with local fire and safety regulations.
The store itself must be maintained at temperature of not less than 50 degrees f (10 degrees C) and must not be subjected to
extreme changes of temperature.
A VINYL EMULSION PAINT
Surfaces to be painted shall receive one mist coat followed by two full coats of vinyl emulsion paint. Application may be by means of
rollers or brushes.
B GLOSS FINISH PAINT
Surfaces to be painted shall be primed then painted with two undercoats followed by one coat gloss finish paint.
C CLEAR POLYURETHANE VARNISH
Surface to be clear varnished shall be treated with two coats polyurethane varnish
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D TEXTURED COATING
The manufacturer’s instructions concerning application of the coating are to be strictly followed under the direction of the Architect.
All surfaces to receive textured coatings are to be clean and dry with surfaces scrapped and brushed before application of the
coating.
Application of the coating is to be with textured roller or fibre brush as directed by the Architect with a minimum spreading capacity of
1 kilogramme per square metre. Under no circumstances is the coating to be thinned.
PART TWELVE
PLUMBING SPECIFICATIONS
PLUMBING
GENERAL
A REGULATIONS ETC.
The whole of the plumbing works is to be executed by a registered plumber and drainlayer in strict accordance with the regulations
of the local Authorities and to the satisfaction of the Architect.
MATERIALS
B BLACK STEEL PIPE WORK
All black steel pipework up to 65 mm nominal bore shall be manufactured in accordance with B.S 21. All fittings shall be malleable
iron and manufactured in accordance with B.S 143.
Pipe joints shall be screwed and socketed and sufficient couplings unions shall be allowed so that fittings can be disconnected
without cutting the pipe. Running nipples and long screws shall not be permitted unless exceptionally approved by the Engineer.
All black steel pipework, 80 mm nominal bore up to 150 mm nominal bore, shall be manufactured to comply in all respects with the
specifications for 65 mm. Pipe, except that screwed and bolted flanges shall replace unions and couplings for the jointing of pipes to
valves and other items of plant.
All flanges shall comply with requirements of B.S. 10, to the relevant classifications contained hereinafter under section c of the
specification.
C GALVANISED STEEL PIPEWORK
Galvanised steel pipework shall be manufactured to comply in all respects with the standards described for black steel pipework in
paragraph (B) above.
Galvanising shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of B.S 1387 and B.S 143 respectively.
D COPPER TUBING
All copper tubing shall be manufactured in accordance with B.S 2871 from C.160’Phosphorus Deoxidized Non-arsenical copper’ in
accordance with B.S 1172.
Pipe joints shall be made with soldered capillary fittings and connections to equipment shall be with compression fittings
manufactured in accordance with B.S 864.
Short copper connection tubes between galvanised pipework and sanitary fitments shall not be used because of the risk of galvanic
action. If, as may occur in certain circumstances, it is not possible to make the connections in any other way than by the use of
copper tubing, then a brass straight connector shall be positioned between the galvanised pipe and the copper tube in order to
prevent direct contact.
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A CAST IRON PIPEWORK

Internal iron pipework and fitting for use above ground in connection with internal building services shall be
manufactured with spigot and socket joints of the weight required by the local Authority and shall comply full with the requirements of
B.S 416.
All joints on cast iron spigot and socket pipes shall be made with an approved cold caulking compound and contraction which may
take place.
All cast iron pipework branches, tees, bends and other fittings shall be supplied complete with inspection covers for cleaning
purposes. These inspection covers shall be included as part of the fittings and shall comply with the requirements of B.S 416.
B ASBESTOS CEMENT PRESSURE PIPES
Where asbestos cement pressure pipes and fittings are used in connection with external, above, ground or buried water services,
they shall by manufactured in accordance with the requirements of B.S 486.
The classification of these pipes falls into four classes:
A., B., C., and D, respectively, and the class to be used shall depend upon the pressure conditions pertaining at site.
Where cast iron detachable joints are used by connecting pipes, the material shall comply with B.S 1452 and be suitable protected
with a non-toxic compound against corrosion.
When jointing components are made in any other material for which there is no B.S specification, then the materials used shall be of
quality not less than that required by this standard.
Rubber jointing rings shall be used for sealing purposes and shall comply with the requirements of B.S 2494, except where they
are likely to be contaminated by the oil products, in which case the gaskets shall be manufactured in accordance with B.S 3514.
C. P.V.C. (HEAD) PRESSURE PIPE AND FITTINGS

All P.V.C pipes and fittings shall be manufactured in accordance with B.S 3505 1968.
The method of jointing to be employed shall be that of solvent welding, using the pipe and manufacture’s approved cement. Seal
ring joints shall be introduced where it is necessary to accommodate thermal expansion.
All bends, valves and hydrant tees etc., in the line of the watermain shall be adequately achored to resist thrust due to internal water
pressure. A concrete block shall be cast under and around the pipe and between it and sides of the trench. Well rammed material
shall be used to support the pipe and either side of the concrete.
Pipes shall be uniformly laid on a 75mm thick bed,(the full width of trench) of fine grained materials (sand or red soil) and must not
be allowed to rest on the joint or on stones etc.
In underground installations care shall be taken to ensure that heavy components such as valves are fully supported so that no
weight is carried by the pipeline.
For the protection of the pipe initial backfilling shall be carried out as soon as possible after laying. The initial backfilling shall be fine
grained material thoroughly compacted around the pipe and consolidated to a depth of 6” above the crown of the pipe and at no time
shall heavy rocks, stones or other objects be included in the balance of the backfilling that might protrude through the initial layer
and come into contact with the pipe.
Pipelines shall be tested in sections under an internal water – pressure normally one and a half times the maximum allowable
working pressure for the class of pipe used. Testing shall be carried out as soon as practicable after laying and when the pipeline
is adequately anchored. Precautions shall be taken to eliminate all air from the test section and to fill the pipeline slowly to avoid risk
of damage due to surge.
A A.B.S. WASTE SYSTEM
Where indicated on the drawings and schedules, the sub-contractor shall supply and fix A.B.S waste pipes and fittings.
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Pipes, traps and fittings shall be in accordance with the relevant British standards, including B.S 3943, and fixed generally in
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions, and B.S 5572:1978.
Jointing of pipes shall be carried out by means of solvent welding. The manufacturer’s recommended method of joint preparation
and fixing shall be followed.
Standard brackets, as supplied for use with this system , shall be used wherever possible. Where the building structure renders this
impracticable the sub-contractor shall provide purpose made supports, the centres of which shall not exceed one metre.
Expansion joints shall be provided as indicated. Supporting brackets and pipe clips shall be fixed on each side of these joints.
B. P.V.C SOIL SYSTEM
The sub-contractor shall supply and fix P.V.C soil pipe and fittings as indicated on the drawings and schedules. Pipes and fittings
shall be in accordance with relevant British Standards, including B.S 4514, and fixed to the manufacturer’s instructions, and B.S
5572.
The soil system shall incorporate synthetic rubber gaskets as provided by the manufacturers whose fixing instructions shall be
strictly adhered to.
Connections to W.C and pans shall be effected by the use of W.C connector, gasket and cover, sized to suit pan outlet.
Suitable supporting brackets and pipe clips shall be provided at maximum of one metre centres. The sub-contractor shall be
responsible for the joint into the Gully Trap and Drain as indicated on the drawings.
VALVES
A DRAW-OFF TAPS AND STOP VALVES (UP TO 50 MM NOMINAL BORE)
Draw off taps and valves up to 50 mm nominal bore, unless otherwise stated or specified, for attachment or connection to sanitary
fitments shall be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of B.S 1010.
B GATE VALVES
All gate valves 80 mm nominal bore and above, other than those required for fitting to `buried water mains shall be of cast iron
construction, in accordance with the requirements of B.S. 3464. All gate valves required for fitting to buried water mains shall be of
cast iron construction in accordance with the requirements of B.S. 1218.
All gate valves up to and including 65 mm nominal bore shall be of bronze construction in accordance with the requirements of B.S
1952.
The pressure classification of all gate valves shall depend upon the pressure conditions pertaining to the site of works.
C GLOBE VALVES
All globe valves up to and including 65 mm nominal bore shall be of bronze construction in accordance with the requirements of B.S
3961.
The pressure classification of all globe valves shall depend upon the pressure conditions pertaining to the site of works.
D CHECK OR NON-RETURN VALVES
All check or non-return valves 80 mm nominal bore and above shall be of the swing check type of cast iron construction in
accordance with the requirements of B.S 4090.
The pressure classification of all check or non-return valve shall depend upon the pressure conditions pertaining to site of the works.
E BALL VALVES
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All ball valves for use in connection with hot and cold water services shall be of the portsmouth type in accordance with the
requirements of B.S 1212, constructed from bronze or other corrosion resistant materials. These valves fall into three pressure
classifications as follows:-
(i) Low Pressure - 3.58b maximum
(ii) Medium pressure - 7.72b maximum
(iii) High pressure - 12.62 maximum
The pressure classification required for each ball valve will be designated in the description of its associated equipment contained in
section IV of the specification.
A MANUALLY OPERATED MIXING VALVES
Mixing valves for shower fittings and other appliances being provided under the sub-contractor works shall be manufactured in
accordance with the requirements of B.S 1415 from bronze or other corrosion resistant materials.
WASTE FITMENTS TRAPS
B STANDARD AND DEEP SEAL P & TRAPS
Where standard or deep seal traps are specified they shall be manufactured in suitable non-ferrous materials in accordance with the
full requirements of B.S 1148.
In certain circumstances, cast iron traps may be required for cast iron baths and in these instances bath traps shall be provided
which are manufactured in accordance with the full requirements of B.S 1291.
C ANTI-SYPHO TRAPS
Where anti-syphon traps are specified, these shall be similar or equal to the range of traps manufactured by Terrain-their self-
resealing Traps or by Marley Extrusions Ltd – their Antisyphon Traps.
PIPES SUPPORTS
D GENERAL
This sub-clause deals with pipe supports securing pipes to the structure of buildings for above ground application.
The variety and type of supports shall be kept to a minimum and their design shall be such as to facilitate quick and secure fixing to
metal, concrete, masonry or wood.
Consideration shall be given, when designing supports, to the maintenance of desired pipe falls and the restraining or pipe
movements to a longitudinal axial direction only.
The sub-contractor shall supply and install all steelwork forming part of the pipe support assemblies and shall be responsible for
making good any damage to builders work associated with the pipe support installation.
The sub-contractor shall submit all his proposals for pipe supports to the Engineer for approval before any erection work
commences.
E STEEL AND COPPER PIPES AND TUBES

Pipes runs shall be secured by pipe clips connected to pipe hangers, wall brackets, or trapeze type supports. ‘U’ bolts shall not be
used as substitute for pipe clips without the prior approval of the Engineer.
An approximate guide to the maximum permissible supports spacings in metres for steel and copper pipe and tube is given in the
following table for horizontal runs.
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Size Copper Tube Steel Tub to

Minimal Bores To B.S 659 B.S 1237
15mm 1.25 2.0m
20mm 2.0m 2.5m
25mm 2.0m 2.5m
40mm 2.5m 3.0m
50mm 2.5m 3.0m
65mm 3.0m 3.5m
80mm 3.0m 3.5m
100mm 3.0m 4.0m
125mm 3.0m 4.5m
150mm 3.5m 4.5m
The support spacing for vertical runs shall not exceed one and a half times the distances given for horizontal runs.
A CAST IRON AND ASBESTOS CEMENT SPIGOT SOCKOT JOINTED PIPES

Cast iron and asbestos cement socketed pipes shall generally be supported at every socket joint by means of either
Cast iron and Asbestos cement spigot socket Jointed pipes
holder bats secured rigidly to the structure, or purpose made straps for attachment to rigid steel support brackets.
When holder bats are used, they shall conform to the requirements of B.S 416.
Suitable anchors shall be provided at all changes of pipe directions, junctions and tees, to counteract the effect of end thrust loads.
B. ASBESTOS CEMENT PRESSURE PIPES

Asbestos cement pressure pipes with either cast iron detachable joints or asbestos cement screw joints shall be supported and
anchored on either side of the joint.
Pipe hangers and trapeze type supports shall not be suitable for the suspension of asbestos pressure pipes unless they are
designed with suitable restrictions to prevent swinging while at the same time providing the necessary support requirements.
Within building, asbestos pressure pipes shall be carried either on concrete supports or on rigidly fixed steel wall brackets. Suitable
anchors shall be provided at all changes of pipe direction, junctions and tees to counterpart the effect of end thrust loads.
A EXPANSION JOINTS AND ANCHORS

Where practicable, cold pipework systems shall be arranged with sufficient bends and changes of direction to absorb pipe expansion
providing that the pipe stresses are contained within the working limits prescribed in the relevant B.S specification.
The sub-contractor shall pay particular care when supporting cast iron and asbestos cement pipes in order to ensure that settlement
and building movement do not break the pipe joints.
Where piping anchors are supplied, they shall be fixed to the main structure only. Details of all anchor design proposals shall be
submitted to the Engineers for approval before erection commences.
The Sub-contractor when arranging his piping shall ensure that no expansion movements are being transmitted from pumps to
piping systems or vice versa.
B JOINTING PIPES
Joints shall be made strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The sub-contractor shall make use of the technical
advisory services offered by manufacturers for instructing pipe jointers in the methods of assembling joints.
Where manufacturers recommend the use of special jointing tackles, the sub-contractor shall use these for the assembly of all joints
to pipes. Sockets shall be laid looking uphill unless otherwise approved.
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Before making any joints, all jointing surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned and dried and maintained in such condition until the joints
have been completely made or assembled.
Notwithstanding any flexibility provided in the pipe joints, pipes must be securely positioned to prevent avoidable movement during
and after the making of the joint. The space between the end of the spigot and the shoulder of the socket of flexibly jointed pipes
when jointed shall be as recommended by the manufacturer or ordered by the Engineer.
After flexibly jointed pipes, other than PVC pipes have been jointed the gaps between the barrel of the pipes and internal face of the
socket shall be sealed with puddle clay, uncaulked rope yarn or other approved materials. The rope yarn or other material must
have been treated so as not to support bacterial growth.
Where loose collars are used to join the pipes cut for closers, special tools shall be employed to keep the inside of the pipes flush
and the collar concentric with the pipe while the joint is being made.
Pipes provided with spigot and socket joints of the self-centering instantaneous joint type, such as the rubber ring push fit joint, shall
be laid and jointed strictly in accordance with the makers instructions. Generally the joint ring shall be cleaned and inspected for
cuts and defects, and socket and spigot examined to ensure freedon form oil, grease, tar and grit. The makers recommended
lubricant will be used.
A CAST IRON JOINT FITTINGS

Cast iron detachable joint collars and flanges shall be tested by striking lightly with a spanner immediately before they are placed
and if they fail to ring true shall be set aside and not incorporated in the work until proven sound. The flanges shall be correctly
positioned and the component parts including any insertion ring cleaned and dried.
Insertion rings shall be fitted smoothly to the flange without folds or wrinkles. The face and bolt holes shall be brought fairly together
and the joints shall be made by gradually and evenly tightening bolts in diametrically opposed positions. Only standard length
spanners shall be used to tighten the bolts. The protective coating if any, of the flange shall be made good when the joint is
completed.
Bolts threads shall be wrapped with PTFE tape where directed before use. No washers shall be used on flanged pipework to be
laid below ground. Bolts shall be as specified and shall be of the correct length, leaving a maximum of two threads exposed.
B SOLVENT WELDED JOINTS

Only the solvent cement recommended by the manufacturer for his pipe joint system shall be used and his instructions on the
making of the joint shall be closely followed.
Excess solvent cement shall not be applied to the inside of the pipe socket and all surplus solvent shall be removed from the joint
and the pipe. Any solvent falling on the trench formation shall be removed by excavating the contaminated soil.
Solvent welded pipes jointed outside the trench shall not be lowered into the place until the elapse of time recommended by the
manufacturer. The time allowed for curing shall be increased with lower temperatures.
CONNECTIONS
C CONNECTION OF TUBING TO COLD STORAGE TANKS, HOT WATER CYLINDERS AND SANITARY FITTINGS
Each connection of tubing to cold water storage tanks shall be made by drilling a hole in the tank side and using a long screw, union
and two backnuts all well screwed up in red lead. Joints of tubing to flanged and bossed connections of hot water cylinders shall be
made with a boiler screw, union and backnut screwed up in red lead.
Connections to sanitary fittings shall be made with 450 mm lengths of copper tubing bent to shape as required with copper to iron
coupling at each end, and red lead joint to union of fittings and tubing.
All sanitary-ware and fittings shall be left in a clean and good condition to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
All fittings shall be fixed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and shall comply with the general requirements of B.S.
code of practice 305 and the particular requirements of the latest applicable B.S specification.
Lavatory basin brackets shall be cut and pinned to walls in cement mortar including making good rendering, tiling or plastering etc.
A. PIPE SLEEVES
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Main runs of pipework are to be fitted with sleeves where they pass through walls and floors. Generally the sleeves shall be of PVC.
Except where they pass through the structure, where they shall be mild steel. The sleeves shall have 6 mm – 12 mm clearance all
around the pipe, or for insulated pipework all around the insulation. The sleeve will then be packed with slag wool or similar.
B CUTTING PIPES
Iron pipes shall be cut by a method and with apparatus which provides a clean square cut of the pipe and of the lining, if any, without
damage to pipe or lining.
All cut or trimmed ends, and the parts of any pipe on which the coating may have suffered damage shall be recoated with bitumen
before the pipes are laid. The external area at cut spigot ends of ductile iron pipes shall be ground for a distance of at least 125
mm.
Asbestos-cement pipes shall be cut by hacksaw or other approved means to a square and even finish without splitting or fracturing
the wall of the pipe. A percentage of the pipes ordered shall be supplied with fully turned barrels and these pipes will set aside for
use in cutting specific lengths. When no fully turned pipes are available a hand operated turning machine shall be used to prepare
the ends of cut pipes for Johnson Couplings, barrel joints or collar joints.
Pitch-impregnated fibre pipes shall be cut by saw and where necessary the end shall be filled or machined to the required 2 degrees
taper. Concrete pipes shall be cut to a square and even finish without splitting or fracturing the wall for the pipe. Reinforcement
shall be cut back flush with the concrete and bare metal protected with bituminous paint or cement grout as directed.
Only steel pipes supplied rounded throughout their length shall be used as cut pipes to form closures. The cutting shall be done by
an approved method and apparatus which provides a clean spare cut, without separation of the lining form the pipe wall. Minor
damage to the lining may, of permitted, be repaired on site in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Where in the opinion
of the Engineer the damage is serious the pipe or special shall be returned to the manufacturer for reconditioning.
C PIPES BUILT INTO STRUCTURE
The outside surface of pipes
D PIPES BUILT INTO STRUCTURE
The outside surface of all pipes and special castings to be built into structures shall be thoroughly cleaned immediately before
installation. Where ordered protective coatings to metal pipes shall be removed from the sections to be built in, while the external
surfaces of fireclay and concrete pipes shall be roughened to form a key for concrete or mortar. Sheathing to steel pipes shall be
cut away from the sections to be building and after erection the protection shall be completed by applying approve bituminous
material around the barrels of pipes of the junctions with structures.
Pipes passing through water retaining walls and floors shall, where possible, be built into the structure in-situ. Shuttering shall be
formed closely to the outside of the pipes, and concrete shall be placed and compacted thoroughly round pipe and puddle flange, if
any.
Where fixing in the course of construction is not possible, temporary openings in structures, formed to the dimensions shown by the
Engineer shall be left where indicated or directed to accommodate the subsequent erection of pipes and special castings. In water
retaining structures, they shall taper to a smaller dimension towards the external faces of structures and shall include where
indicated a watertop. In basements, dry chambers at pumping stations etc., temporary openings shall taper to a smaller dimension
towards the internal faces of structures and shall also include, where indicated a waterstop. Prior to in filling, all surfaces against
which fresh concrete is to be placed shall be prepared as specified, while the external surfaces of pipework shall be prepared as
described in this clause.
A SETTING VALVES
Care must be taken to prevent damage to all valves, fire hydrants and the like, and their ancillary equipment. Valves etc., and
ancillary apparatus shall be stored in clean condition and in a manner that excludes all water. Where directed, head-stock, motors,
gearing or indicators shall be removed, adequately labelled for identification, stored carefully in weather proof premises and be
reconnected after erection of the valves. Frost cocks shall be kept clean and free from obstruction. Electrical equipment shall be
protected from damp and the damp-proofing seals shall remain intact until the electrical is ready to connect up the equipment.
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The gunmetal faces and seats of all valves must be kept clean. No valve shall be closed without first wiping the faces with a clean
cloth. The cavity beneath the valve door shall be thoroughly cleaned by hand. In the event of accident, fouling matter shall be either
dissolved for carefully removed by methods that do not involve scraping of gunmetal faces.
All valves shall be set so that operating spindles are truly vertical unless otherwise detailed or directed. Every stuffing box shall be
examined when the main is charged with water and leaking boxes shall be adjusted or replaced with square plaited lubricated hemp
packing of approved manufacturer. The stuffing box shall not be so tightly packed as to materially affect the friction of the packing
on the spindle.
No air valve shall be stored before erection in the open in sunlight, or upside down to expose the balls and air cavities. Air valves
shall be checked before the main is charged to ensure that the balls and faces are not scored or split and that that all passage ways
are clean. The installation of special types of valve and metering equipment must be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. The direction of opening of the valve shall be indicated on the headstock and on the underside of hydrant covers.
Fire hydrants, frost plugs and similar fittings shall be checked before being incorporated in the line and before the main is changed
to ensure that all passageways are clean. The installation of special types of valve and metering equipment must be strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
The direction of opening of the valve shall be indicated on the headstock and on the underside of hydrant covers.
A PRESSED STEEL PLATE STORAGE TANKS

The water capacity of the tanks and the diameter of all pipes and pipe connections therewith will be as detailed on the Drawings
and Bills of Quantities. Unless otherwise detailed the proportions of a tank will be such that the height is not less than three
quarters of the length and not less than the width. All dimensions must be approved by the Engineer.
Elevated pressed steel plate storage tanks will comply with B.S 1564 and will be constructed of 4.76 mm (top row )
only) and 6.35 mm thick galvanised pressed steel tank plates, 1.22 mm or 1.00m square nominal size, embossed and with external
flanges bolted together. Where detailed in the sub-contract the tank will be partitioned centrally, the division wall to be adequately
stayed to permit emptying of either half of the tank whilst maintaining full water depth in the other half.
The tank will be complete with a pitched or vaulted cover and gable ends of 3 mm thick steel plates lap jointed and supported on
bearers and gable end frames respectively; No. 75 mm square access manhole with hinged insect proof cover, 1 No. Float operate
water lever indicator; and will be provided with internal and external ladders as follows. Where the tank is constructed to operate in
two halves 2 No. Access manholes and internal ladders will be provided.
The external ladder will have 40 mm x 6 mm mild steel flat stringers with 12 mm diameter mild steel rugs and will be cleated to the
tank at 1.2m intervals. The stringers will be taken 750 mm above the tank cover and bent to return to the cover of a distance of 450
mm from the edge. This ladder will be complete with 40 mm x 3 mm mild steel flat safety hoops of 600 mm diameter, space at 1.2
m vertical centres, truly bent and welded to the stringers. The safety hoops will be joined by 3 No. 40 mm x 3 mm mild steel flat
vertical guard strips, evenly spaced and flat fillet welded to the hoops.
The internal ladders will have 65 mm x 12 mm steel flat stringers with 20 mm diameter mild steel rings and will be cleated to the tank
at 1.2m intervals.
The tank bottom plates will be provided with a single pipe pad for the washout pipe connections and double pipe pads for all other
pipes which pass through the bottom of the tank. The tanks will be provided and erected complete with all bolts, nuts, washers,
internal braces and approved nom-toxic jointing materials (fibre-glass or bitumen impregnated filler strip or approved equal).
The whole of the tank steelwork and plates will be galvanised as specified before dispatch and after erection, painted with an
approved etching primer and two coats of a bitumen based aluminium paint externally and two coats of non-toxic black bitumen
paint internally, both as specified.
The tank after final erection on its permanent foundation will be filled with water to overflow lever for a period of 24 hours. Any leaks
which become apparent will be made good to the satisfaction of the Engineer before acceptance of the work. Both halves of the
tank will be tested separately.
B PIPEWORK FOR PRESSED STEEL TAN
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All pipework associated with the tank and stand will be mild steel pipe to B.S 534 with flanged joints. The pipework will comprise
one bellmouthed standing inlet pipe at designed top water level, one outlet pipe with bell-mouth and approved strainer to take water
from the level as detailed on the Drawings. Where not detailed the outlet pipe will take water form not less than 75 mm above the
tank bottom. One belmouthed standing overflow pipe with its lip 50 mm above designed top water level, and one washout pipe
which will be capable of completely draining the tank will be provided. Where the tank is
constructed to operate in two halves the inlet, outlet overflow and washout pipes will be duplicated in each half of the tank
ABOVE GROUND INSTALLATION

A GENERAL
Installation of all pipework valves, fittings and equipments shall be carried out under adequate supervision from skilled staff to the
relevant codes and standards as specified herein. The sub-contractor shall be responsible to the main contractor for ensuring that
all builders work associated with his piping installation is carried out in a satisfactory manner to the approval of the Engineer.
B WATER SERVICES
Before any joint is made, the pipes shall be hung in their supports and adjusted to ensure that the joining faces are parallel and any
falls which shall be required are achieved without springing the pipe. Where falls are not shown on the contract Drawing or stated
elsewhere in the specification, pipework shall be installed parallel to the lines of the buildings and as close to the walls, ceilings,
columns etc. As is practicable.
All water system shall be provided with sufficient drain points and automatic air vents to enable them to function correctly. Valves
and other user equipment shall be installed with adequate access for operation and maintenance where valves and other
operational equipment are unavoidably installed beyond normal reach or in such position as to be difficult to reach from a short step
ladder, extension spindles with floor or wall pedestals shall be provided.
Screwed piping shall be installed with a sufficient number of unions to facilitate easy removal of valves and fittings, without the need
to cut the pipe. Full allowance shall be made for the expansion and contraction of pipework precautions being taken to ensure that
any force produced by pipe movements are not transmitted to valves, equipment or plant.
All screwed joints to piping and fittings shall be made with P.T.F.E. Tape in accordance with B.S 4375.
The test pressure shall be maintained by the pump for about one hour and if the there is any leakage, it shall be measured by the
quantity of water pumped into the main in that time. A general leakage of one gallon per 25 mm of diameter, per 1.6 kilometre per
24 hours per 30 metres head, may be considered reasonable but any visible individual leak shall be repaired.
C SANITARY SERVICES
Soil, waster and vent pipe systems shall be installed in accordance with the best standards of modern practice as described in B.S
5572 to the approval of the Engineer.
The sub-contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that all ground floor waste fittings are discharged to a gulley trap before passing
to the sewer via a manhole.
The sub-contractor shall provide all necessary rodding and inspection facilitates within the draining system in position where easy
accessibility is available. Where a branch requires rodding facilities in a position to which normal access is unobtainable, then that
branch shall be extended so as to provide a suitable purpose made rodding eye in the nearest adjacent wall or floor to which easy
access is available. The vent stacks shall terminate above roof level and where stack passes through roof, a weather skirk shall be
provided. The sub-contractor shall be responsible for sealing the roof after installation of the stacks. The open end of each stack
shall be fitted with a plactic coated, or galvanised steel, wire guard. Access for rooding and testing shall be provided at the foot of
each stack.
A SANITARY APPLIANCES
All sanitary appliances associated with the sub-contract works shall be installed in accordance with the best standard of modern
practice as described in C.P. 305 to the approval of the Architect.
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TESTING AND INSPECTION
SITE TESTS – PIPEWORKS SYSTEMS
B UNDERGROUND WATER MAINS
After laying, jointing and anchoring, the main shall be slowly and carefully charged with water, so that all air is expelled and allowed
to stand full for three days before testing under pressure.
A long main shall be tested in sections as the work of laying proceeds and all joints shall be exposed for inspection during the
testing.
The open end of the main may be temporarily closed for testing under moderate pressure by fitting a water pipe expanding plug, of
which several types are available. The end of the main and the plug should be secured by struts or otherwise, to resist the end
thrust of the water pressure in the main.
If the section of main terminates with a sluice valve, the wedge of the valve shall not be used to retain the water, instead the valve
shall be fitted temporarily with blank flange, or if a socket valve with a plug and the wedge shall be placed in the open position while
testing. The sub-contractor shall provide suitable end supports to withstand the end thrust of the water pressure in the main.
C ABOVE GROUND INTERNAL WATER SERVICE INSTALLATION
All water service pipe system installed above ground shall be tested hydraulically for a period of one hour to not less than one and a
half times the design working pressure.
If preffered, the sub-contractor may test the pipelines in sections. Any such section found to be satisfactory need not be the subject
of a further test when the system has been completed, unless specifically requested by the Engineer.
During the test, each branch and joint shall be examined carefully for leaks and any defects revealed shall be made good by the
sub-contractor and the section re-tested.
The sub-contractor shall take all necessary precautions to prevent damage occurring to special valves and fittings during the tests.
Any item damaged shall be repaired or replaced at the sub-contractor’s expense.
A ABOVE GROUND SOIL WASTE AND VENTILATION PIPE SYSTEM

All soil, waste and ventilating pipe system forming part of the above ground installation, shall be given a smoke test to a pressure of
38 mm of water gauge and this pressure shall remain constant for a period of not less than three minutes.
Water tests on above ground soil, waste and ventilating pipe systems shall not be permitted.
Pressure test shall be carried out before any work which is to be concealed is finally enclosed.
Any defects revealed by the tests shall be made good by the sub-contractor and the test repeated to the approval of the Engineer.
In all other respects, tests shall comply with the requirements of B.S 5572.
B SITE TEST – PERFORMANCE
Following satisfactory pressure tests on the pipework systems, operational tests shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant
B.S code of practice on the systems as a whole to establish that special valves, guages, controls,
fittings, equipment and plant are functioning correctly to the satisfaction of the Engineer. All hot water pipework shall be insulated
with performed fibre glass sectional lagging to thickness of 25 mm.
Cold water pipework shall be installed with performed fibre glass lagging to a thickness of 25 mm where the pipe runs above a false
ceiling or in areas where the ambient temperature is higher than normal with the result that pipe sweating, due to condensation will
cause nuisance. All lagged pipes which run in a visible position after erection shall be given a canvas cover and prepared for
painting as follows:-
(i) Applying a coating of suitable filler until the canvas weave disappears and allow to dry.
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(ii) Apply two undercoats of an approved paint and finish in suitable gloss enamel to colours approved by the Engineer.
All lagging for cold and hot water pipes erected in crawlways, ducts, and above false ceiling which, after erection are not visible
from the corridors or rooms, shall be covered with a reinforced aluminium foil finish and banded in colours to be approved by the
Engineer.
In all respects, unless otherwise stated, the hot and cold water installation shall be carried out in accordance with the best standards
of modern practice as described in C.P.342 and C.P. 310 respectively, to the approval of the Engineer.
The test pressure shall be applied by means of a manually operated test pump or, in the case of long main or mains or larger
diameter, by a power driven test pump which shall not be left unattended. In either case precautions shall be taken to ensure that
the required pressure is not exceeded. Pressure gauges should be recalibrated before the tests. The sub-contractor shall be
deemed to have included in his price for all test pumps, and other equipment required under this clause of the specifications.
The test pressure shall be one and a half times the maximum working pressure except where a pipe is manufactured form a material
for which the relevant B.S specification designates a maximum test pressure as in the case of cast or spun iron pipes, where the test
pressures should not exceed 120, 180 and 240 metre/head of clause B,E or D pipes, respectively.
A STERILIZATION OF HOT AND COLD WATER SYSTEMS
All underground water mains and above ground water distribution systems, cisterns, tanks, calorifiers, pumps, etc, shall be
thoroughly sterilized and flushed out after the completion of all tests and before being fully commissioned for handover.
The sterilization procedures shall be carried out by the sub-contractor or specialist employed by the sub-contractor in accordance
with the requirements of B.S. code of practice 310, clause 409, to the approval of the Engineer.
PART THIRTEEN
SPECIFICATIONS DRAINAGE
DRAINAGE
GENERAL
A. REGULATIONS ETC.
The whole of the drainage is to be executed by a registered plumber and drainlayer in strict accordance with the Regulations of
local Authorities and to the satisfaction of the Architect.
B. CEMENT, SAND ETC
The description of material and workmanship contained in the foregoing sections shall apply equally hereto.
MATERIALS
C. PITCH FIBRE PIPES
All pitch fibre pipes and fittings for external services shall be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of B.S 2760. Pipes
shall be connected by means of purpose made tapered joints manufactured in accordance with B.S 2760.
D. PRECAST CONCRETE PIPES
Precast concrete pipes for surface water and sewage shall comply with the requirements of B.S. 556 class 1.
Where flexible spigot and socket type of flexible rebated type joints are specified, rubber gaskets complying with the requirements
of B.S 2494 shall be used except where oil products are likely to be present, in which case gaskets shall comply with the
requirements of B.S 3514.
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Where ordinary spigot and socket type ordinary rebated type joints are specified, the joints shall be made with a cement mortar mix.
Porous concrete pipes shall comply with the requirements of B.S 1194.
E ASBESTORS CEMENT PIPES

Asbestos cement sewerage pipes and fittings shall comply with the requirements of B.S 3656 with asbestos cement sleeve joints
with rubber rings complying with the requirement of B.S 2494 class C.
F. CAST IRON PIPES

Cast iron drain pipes for building drainage shall comply with the requirements of B.S 437. Fittings for cast iron pipes shall comply
with the requirements of B.S 78 or B.S 2035. Pipes and fittings will be coated internally and externally with an approved bituminous
composition, except those parts to be encased in concrete which shall be coated internally only in the concrete area.
A CLAY PIPES
Clay pipes and fittings for sewerage or surface water shall comply with the requirements of B.S 65 and B.S 540 with Type 1
sockets and supplied complete with the manufacturer’s flexible joint.
Clay pipes for use in the construction of french drains shall be British surface water pipes glazed or unglazed manufacture in
accordance with B.S 65 and B.S 540 with Type 2 sockets or plain ended and supplied with sleeve couplings. Type 1 socketed and
sleeve coupled pipes shall be perforated.
B P.V.C DRAIN PIPES
P.V.C drain pipes and fittings shall comply with the requirements of B.S 4660:1973.
C PRECAST CONCRETE MANHOLES
Concrete manhole ring sections shall be unreinforced ogee jointed complying with the requirements of B.S. 556. Shaft and
chambers slabs shall be either mild steel reinforced heavy or light duty type, as specified.
D PRECAST CONCRETE OPEN CHANNELS
Precast concrete invert and sideblocks shall be of dense precast concrete free from cracks and spalls. The conrete used shall be
nominal 1:2:4 mix.
Precast concrete invert and side blocks shall be cast in steel moulds. All arrises shall be true well defined.
E GULLIES
Precast concrete gullies shall be unreinforced and shall comply with the requirements of B.S 556.
Glazed ware gullies shall comply with the requirements of B.S 539. Cast iron gullies shall be of approved manufacture and shall
conform with the dimensions and weight specified.
Gulley gratings and frames shall comply with the requirements of B.S 497.
F MANHOLE COVERS AND FRAMES
Manhole covers and frames shall be of cast iron in accordance with the requirements of B.S 497.
G MANHOLES LADDERS
Manhole ladders and fixings shall be of galvanised mild steel. The steel shall be mild steel grade 43 in accordance with B.S 4360
and shall be galvanised after manufacturer has been completed.
H MANHOLE SAFETY CHAINS
Manhole safety chains shall be of 10 mm galvanised mild steel short link chain and will comply with the requirements of B. S. 590.
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One end of the chain shall securely attached to 16 mm diameter galvanised mild steel eyebolt and the other end shall have a
galvanised hook of attaching to a similar eyebolt.
A MANHOLE STEP IRONS
Manhole step irons shall comply with the requirements of B.S 1247. For brick or block manholes, step irons shall be of galvanised
malleable cast iron general purpose pattern with 230 mm long tails complying with the requirements of B.S 556.
B FILTER BACKFILL MATERIAL

Filter backfill material for field or french drains shall consist of hard clean rock, crushed slag or gravel having a grading within the
limits given below for Type ‘D’ or ‘E’. The aggregate crushing value of the material as determined by the tests in B.S 8.2 shall not
exceed 30%. The material passing 420 microm sieve shall be non-plastic when tested in accordance with B.S 1377.
Sieve Sized Percentage by passing Weight

Type 0 Type E
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
63 mm - 100
37.5mm 100 85 – 100
20mm - 0 - 20
10mm 45 - 100 0-5
3.35mm 25 - 80 -
600 microns 8 - 45
75 microns 0 - 10
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WORKMANSHIP
C UNDERGROUND PIPELINES
The contractor shall construct the pipelines using the designs of pipe, bed, haunch and surround details on the drawings.
‘Rigid pipes’ shall mean pipes of cast or spun iron concrete, asbestos cement, clay or similar materials.
‘Flexible pipes’ shall mean pipes of steel PVC or other plastic, pitch fibre, ductile iron or similar materials.
‘Rigid joints’ shall mean joints made by bolting together flanges intergral with the barrels of the pipes, by welding together the barrels
of the pipes by caulking sockets with non-deformable materials, such as cement mortar, run lead or by similar techniques.
‘Flexible joints’ shall mean joints made with factory made jointing materials, loose collars, rubber rings etc., and which allow some
degree of flexing, however small, between adjacent pipes.
A TRENCH EXCAVATION
Trenches for pipes other than those forming part of a field or french drain shall be excavated to a sufficient depth and width, subject
to the following restrictions, to enable the pipe, joints, bed, haunch and surround to be accommodated.
From the bottom of the trench to a level 300 mm above the crown of the pipe trench widths shall not be less than the minimum nor
greater than the maximum figures shown in the Table A.
Battering the sides of trenches shall only be permitted above this level where approved.
The minimum width of trench shall be used for measurement purposes.
Table A- pipe Trench widths
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Nominal Interna Min.Trench Max.Trench
Diameter (mm) Width(mm) Width (mm)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 430 630
150 500 700
200 550 750
225 580 780
300 680 880
375 950 1150
400 1000 1200
450 1030 1230
525 1120 1320
600 1240 1440
675 1330 1530
750 1400 1600
825 1490 1690
900 1920 2120
1250 2100 2300
1200 2290 2490
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Above 1200 Outside dia. Of Outside dia.

Above 1200 Pipes plus 800 mm of pipes plus
1000mm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All sheeting and supports are to be out with the minimum width stated.
The contractor shall provide whatever additional pipe protection is directed should the specified maximum width be exceeded due to
his method of working.
The contractor shall fill up with well compacted granular bedding material with 1:2:4 mix concrete where ordered by the Architect,
any excessive depth or trench arising from his method of working.
Where the trench formation is in ground that, in the opinion of the Architect, is too soft to afford proper support to the pipes, either
(i) The trench shall be excavated down to solid ground and the extra shall be refilled with lean mix concrete, granular
bedding material, gravel or broken stone, as the Architect directs, well compacted to form even bed or:
(ii) The pipe shall be supported by facines, piles or such other means as the Architect may direct.
The contractor shall avoid unduly disturbing the finished trench formation and shall make good disturbed areas and excavate any
wet or puddled material which might result from his failure to do so. Voids shall be made good as the previous clause.
Where directed trenches close to existing structures be opened in short lengths and refilled or partly filled with lean mix concrete or
other approved material.
The material excavated in forming pipelines shall if unsuitable be run to spoil and replaced with suitable materials as so defined.
Suitable material shall be set aside for use as backfill. Unsuitable material shall comprise all material such as material from bogs,
marshes, swamp peat, logs, stumps, perishable material, clays having a liquid limit exceeding 80 or a plasticity content greater than
30% of the dry weight.
All surplus excavated material shall be disposed of to spoil hips provided by the contractor.
A PIPELAYING – GENERAL
On arrival at the site, pipes shall be carefully inspected for damage ends, cracks or other defects and any found to be faulty shall be
marked and set aside for a decision from the Architect as to their acceptability.
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Pipes with damaged ends shall be either completely replaced or have the ends to the extent, and trimmed, as directed by the
Architect.
The contractor shall ensure that all pipes are properly hauled both by his staff and by any cartage contractor employed by him.
During transport, pipes shall not be allowed to rest on narrow cross members of vehicles or anything else that might give
concentrated loads due to the weight of the pipe or bumping of the vehicle but must be properly supported on soft material.
Sufficient labour and equipment must be handed before unloading is commenced and under no circumstances must any pipes be
dropped or thrown from a vehicle.
The Architect shall have the right to reject consignments or stocks of piping from which failed pipes have been drawn, or order
them to be pressure tested outside the pipelines at the contractor’s expense even though no defects are apparent, it there is reason
to believe that mishandling has taken place.
Flat braided wire slings or band slings shall be used for slinging all pipes except externally coated pipes and plastic pipes for which
only special band slings not less than 300 mm wide shall be used. Chain or rope slings, hooks or other devices working on scissors
or grab principles must not be used.
Subject to the requirements of inspection before acceptance protective bolsters, caps or discs on the ends of flanges, specials or
fittings shall not be removed until the pipes, special or fittings are about to be lowered into the trench.
Before a pipe is lowered into the trench it shall be thoroughly examined to ensure that the internal coating or lining and the outer
coating or sheathing are undamaged. Where necessary the interiors or pipes, specials and fittings shall be carefully brushed clean.
Any damaged parts of the coatings or lining shall, before a pipe is used, be made good as directed. Pipelaying shall not commence
until the bottom of the trench and the pipe bed have been approved. Flexible pipes, rigidly jointed, may be joined on the ground
surface before lowering into the trench. All joints shall be supported by slings as the pipes are lowered and the pipe-line must not
be deformed to a greater extent than recommended by the manufacturer.
Pipes must be brought to the correct alignment and inclination, concentric with the pipes already laid.
All pipes less than 600 mm in diameter with flexible joints must be accurately marked prior to laying to ensure that the correct gap is
left in the joint. An indelible mark shall be made on the spigot end on top of the pipe barrel to the depth of the socket less the
detailed or specified joint gap. After correct jointing the mark should be flush with the face of the socket.
PVC pipes must be stored and handled carefully and must be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
A WITHDRAWAL OF SUPPORTS
During the placing of bedding, haunching, surrounding or anchoring material, temporary side supports and sheeting shall be
removed except where directed to be left in and the full width of the trench will be infilled with bedding haunching, surrounding or
anchoring materials.
B BEDDING AND PROTECTING PIPES – GENERAL

Bedding , hauching, surrounding and anchoring pipes shall be to the arrangement and dimensions shown on the drawings. A cavity
of adequate size shall be excavated in the sides and bottom of the trench or left in the pipes bed at each joint and at each sling
position.
The bottom of the trench or surface of the bed shall be finished to a smooth even surface at the correct levels to permit the barrel of
the pipe to be solidly and evenly bedded throughout its whole length between joint and sling holes.
The preparation of the trench bottom or surface of the bed shall be completed for at least one full pipe length in advance of the pipe
laying, except where in exceptional circumstances another arrangement is approved. No bedding material shall be place in trenches
containing water.
Where granular bedding is to be used, stones, bricks or similar materials shall not be used below or against the pipe to locate them
in position in the trench or to level the pipes. Sufficient infill materials shall be placed around the barrels of pipes to prevent
movement.
Where directed, puddle clay dams 500 mm thick shall be constructed around the pipe and across the trench as haunching and
surrounding proceeds. The dams shall be at intervals not exceeding 30 metres or as directed and their height shall be determined
by the Architect.
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Where directed by the requirements for testing pipelines the method of haunching and surrounding pipes shall be modified to leave
pipe joints exposed. Where there is a high ground water table all pipes shall be surrounded in an approved free drainage material.
A CONCRETE BEDDING, HAUNCHING, SURROUNDING AND ANCHORING
Concrete for bedding, haunching or surrounding pipes shall be 1:2:4 nominal mix concrete and no back filling of the trench shall be
done until the concrete has reached a strength of 15 N.mm2.
Before placing concrete, pipes shall be supported near each joint on a precast concrete block or on engineering bricks with a
padding of two layers of hessian based damp proof course or material of similar yield between the barrel of the pipe and the
supporting block. The surface of the support shall be perfectly smooth for at lease 75 mm by 75 mm under the pipe, and the size of
the blocks shall be as directed.
Concreting of bedding, haunching or surrounding shall not be done until the pipes have been jointed and inspected. The concrete
shall be vibrated into place under the pipe and concrete shall be in full contact with the underside of the pipe throughout its length.
The concrete shall be placed in one operation and shall be well worked form a homogeneous mass. There shall be no horizontal
construction joint in the concrete below the level of the half pipe. The pipe shall be carefully anchored against flotation. Concrete
beds, haunches and surrounds of pipes with rigid joints shall be formed in lengths not exceeding 10.0 metres which shall be
separated by a soft wood joint filter 25 mm thick.
Concrete bedding, haunching pipes shall be discontinuous at flexible pipe joints. Shaped formwork made from fibreboard or other
equally compressible material of the thickness stated in the contract and of size and shape equal to the next section of the concrete
protection to the pipes shall be used and left at the pipe joint as shown on the drawings. The formwork shall be neatly cut and
properly supported by temporary strut and rails where necessary.
PVC pipes shall be wrapped in polythene sheet or roofing felt about 2 mm thick before being haunched or anchored in concrete.
Nominal 1:2:4 mix concrete shall be placed at all bends, tees, junctions, changes of direction and gradients to prevent movements of
pipelines due to thrust from water pressure, in such positions and quantities as directed.
Concrete pipe anchorages and thrust blocks in trench shall be placed against undisturbed ground. Any loose or disturbed material
shall be removed immediately before the concrete is placed.
Concrete anchorages to PVC pipes shall be placed to support half the circumference of the pipe. The pipe must not be encase.
Where compliance with the requirement would result in concrete above the pipe, the anchorage concrete shall be placed beneath
the pipe and the pipe will be restrained by straps as shown on the drawings.
A PLUG
Immediately after laying, the open end of a pipe shall be sealed with wooden plug or approved stopper of appropriate size to
prevent the entry of material which might contaminate the pipelines, damage the linings, obstruct the waterway or effect the working
of valves, meter etc. Plugs shall be unperforated and shall be shaped to fit exactly so that water from the trench excavations shall
not be allowed to gain access to the pipeline.
The plugs in sewers may, with the Architects approval, be provided with small holes for drainage purposes, but water from the
trench excavation which is heavily charged with silt shall not be allowed to gain access to the pipe.
Where work is interrupted for a period, the plug left in position shall be regularly inspected for their fixing to ensure that there has
been no tampering by unauthorised persons. Whenever any plug is removed, the immediate length of pipe shall be examined for
dirt or obstructions and shall be cleaned as required.
Adequate precautions must be taken by way of backfilling or other means to anchor each pipe securely to prevent flotation of the
pipeline in the event of the trench being flooded. No equipment, clothing or apparel must be left or sorted inside pipelines.
B JOINTING PIPES
Joints shall be made strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The contractor shall make use of the technical
advisory services offered by manufacturers for instructing pipe jointers in the methods of assembling joints. Where manufacturers
recommend the use of special jointing tackles, the contractor shall use these for the assembly of all joints to pipes. Sockets shall be
laid looking uphill unless otherwise approved.
Before making any joints, all jointing surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned and dried and maintained in such condition until the joints
have been completely made or assembled.
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Notwithstanding any flexibility provided in the pipe joints, pipes must be securely positioned to prevent avoidable movement during
and after the making of the joint.
The space between the end of the spigot and the shoulder of the socket of flexibly jointed pipes when jointed shall be as
recommended by the manufacturer or ordered by the architect. After flexibility jointed pipes, other than
PVC pipes have been jointed the gaps between the barrel of the pipes and the internal face of the socket shall be sealed with puddle
clay, uncaulked rope yarn or other approved material. The rope yarn or other material must have been treated so as not to support
bacterial growth.
Where loose collars are used to join pipes cut for closers, special tools shall be employed to keep the inside of the pipes flush and
the collar concentric with the pipe while the joint is being made. Pipes provided with spigot and socket joints of the selfcentering,
instantaneous joint tupe, such as the rubber ring push fit joint, shall be laid and jointed strictly in accordance with the makers
instructions. Generally the joint ring shall be cleaned and inspected for cuts and defect, and socket spigot examined to ensure free
recommended lubricant will be used.
A CAST IRON JOINT FITTINGS

Cast iron detachable joint collars and flanges shall be tested by striking lightly with a spanner immediately before they are placed
and if they fail to ring true shall be set aside and not incorporated in the work until proven sound. The flanges shall be correctly
positioned and the component parts including any insertion ring cleaned and dried.
Insertion rings shall be fitted smoothly to the flange without folds or wrinkles. The face and bolt holes shall be brought fairly together
and the joints shall be made by gradually and evenly tightening bolts on diametrically opposed positions. Only standard length
spanners shall be used to tighten the bolts. The protective coating, if any, of the flange shall be made good when the joint is
completed. Bolts threads shall be wrapped with PTFF tape where directed before use.
No washers shall be used on flanged pipework to be laid below ground. Bolts shall be as specified and shall be the correct length,
leaving a maximum of two threads exposed.
B CEMENT MORTAR JOINTS

The spigots and sockets of concrete pipes shall be thoroughly moistened before cement mortar joints are made. In making ogee
joint to concrete pipes a thick layer of cement shall be applied to the butting faces, the pipe being laid shall be well driven against the
other, and the jointed finished off inside, flush with the pipe wall. The outside of the joint shall be pointed up with a 75mm wide x
25mm thick mortar fillet all round and central about the joint. In making yarn and mortar joints for concrete and clay pipes, the spigot
of the last pipe laid until it bears on the back face of the socket and shall be centred in the socket. Two turns of tarred yarn shall
then be firmly caulked into the back of the socket with a proper caulking tool. Mortar consisting of 2 parts of sand to 1 part of
cement shall then be pressed firmly into the joint to fill the socket completed and shall be neatly bevelled off at 45 degrees from the
outside edge of the socket.
Joints made with cement mortar shall remain exposed for at least 3 hours to allow for the initial set of the cement. All joints shall be
examined and approved before the refilling of the trench is commenced
C BACKFILLING TRENCHES
If the contractor allows material to become unsuitable, which when excavated was suitable for re-use, and it is unsuitable when
required for backfilling, he shall run it to spoil and make good by replacing with suitable material.
Where required to meet the specification for testing pipelines, trenches shall be partially backfilled to provide anchorage, but joints
shall be left exposed.
Backfilling shall whenever practicable be undertaken immediately the specified operations preceding it have been completed. No
backfill material shall be placed in trench containing water.
In trenches in roads, verges and where shown on the drawings above 300mm over the crown of the pipe backfill, material shall be
deposited in layers each not exceeding 225mm thickness and each compacted to 100% with a moisture content between with the
moisture content between 0.8 and 1.05. M.C. Power rammers or vibrating plate compactors shall be used to compact the backfilling
from one metre above the crown level of the pipe to the surface.
In trenches in fields or open country backfill material above 300mm over the crown of the pipe may be placed by machines provided
the method of operation ensure that the materials slides or rolls into position and does not drop from a height.
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The backfill material must not include any stones or boulder of dimensions exceeding 150mm in any position. Sufficient space shall
be left to receive the original thickness of solid, turf or other materials removed from the surface. The surfaces shall be restored by
replacing the materials in their proper order and form, and by compacting then to such a level as shall ensure that after settlement is
complete the surface level of refilled trenches shall be within 30mm of that of the adjacent undisturbed ground.
Where directed, trenches shall be backfilled with lean mix concrete made with 1kg cement to 12 kg aggregate. The aggregate will
be as, clinker, gravel, stone or other hard material, approved by the architect, and free from sulphates, dust and other deleterious
material.
A FIELD OR FRENCH DRAINS
Trenches for drains up to 150mm in diameter shall be excavated to a width of at least four times the normal diameter of the pipe;
above 150mm diameter the width shall be the diameter plus 450mm.
Where shown on the drawings pipes for drains shall be bedded on a 75mm thickness of lean mix concrete which shall also be
brought up until at least one-third of the depth of the pipe is supported and in the case of perforated pipes, no line of operations is
thereby blocked. Non-circular pipes shall be bedded as shown on the drawings. Socketed pipes shall be laid with a space of about
12mm between the spigot and the inner end of the socket. Ogee jointed porous concrete and perforated clay pipes with rebated
joints shall be dry jointed. Perforated pitch fibre pipes may be jointed with any of the joints specified in B.S.2760.
Trenches for drains shall be backfilled with materials approved by the architect.
The pipes, the filter materials and the surface over drains shall at all times be kept free of obstructions.
B OPEN SURFACE WATER CHANNELS
Excavation shall be carried out generally as described for pipework. The invert shall be finished to a true line and fall and sides shall
be trimmed to the slopes indicated.
Invert blocks and sides slabs shall be laid on a 100mm thick bed of suitable approved granular material formed and well compacted.
They shall be jointed by thickly covering the joint face with mortar and driving the next unit firmly against that previously laid. The
excess mortar squeezed out of the joint shall be neatly trowelled off. Channels ends shall be saturated with water and newly
completed joints shall be protected and cured as for concrete pipes.
C MANHOLE INSITU CONCRETE
Manholes of insitu concrete will be formed as for blockwork manholes, the blockwork being replaced by nsitu mass 1:2:4 nominal
mix concrete.
Precast concrete manholes for sewers of up to 1200mm diameter shall be constructed as detailed on drawings using precast
concrete component.
Manhole cover slabs may be cast insitu using reinforced nominal 1:2:4 mix concrete precast using reinforced nominal 1:1½:3 mix
concrete.
Unreinforced precast concrete chamber rings shall be surrounded with a minimum thickness of 150mm nominal 1:3:6 mix mass
concrete as detailed on the drawings.
Step irons 230mm long shall be set into the external concrete surround to the manhole and the slots through the chamber rings filled
with cement mortar.
A CHAMBERS
Chambers for access to valves and fittings on pressure pipelines for water or sewage, unless otherwise directed shall
be constructed in concrete blockwork.
B SEPTIC TANKS
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Septic tanks shall be constructed to the dimensions and general arrangement detailed on the drawings and in the contract. Tanks
with blockwork shall be constructed as for manholes.
C TESTING FOR SEPTIC TANKS
Septic tanks and other chambers shall be tested by filing with water after completion of backfilling.
The first 1.0 metre of depth may be filled as quickly as the supply permits. Between this and top water level the rate of filling must
not exceed 1.0 metre in 24 hours. After filling to top water level no further water shall be introduced for 2 days. At the end of this
period the tanks shall be topped up to top water level and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The test shall be considered satisfactory if
the fall in water level in 24 hours does not exceed 15mm.
In the event of a fall exceeding the above tank will be emptied and any defects made good prior to retest as before, all at the
contractor’s expense.
D CONNECTION TO SEWER
All connections to sewers are to be made with angle junctions set at the correct angle to minimize the use of bends. All angles shall
not exceed 45 degrees.
The open ends of all house connections and other pipes not required for immediate use shall be sealed up with purpose made
stoppers secured in position. The ends of connections and all junction positions will be clearly marked by posts and painted boards
of a type and size to be approved by the Architect and the board shall be plainly marked with the letter ‘S’ and the size and depth
below kerb level or ground level. A length of 4.5 mm galvanised iron wire shall be fixed to the face of the last pipe and the marking
post.
Every care shall be taken to prevent the marking boards being disturbed and the contractor shall take responsibility for their safety.
The information shall also be painted on the kerbs in an approved manner when all works are complete and the contractor shall
record the position of all branches fixing distances from the manhole immediately downstream of the branch.
A TESTING SEWER
Wherever possible, testing shall be carried out from manhole to manhole. Short branch drains connected to main sewer between
manholes shall be tested as one system with the main sewer. Long branches shall be tested separately.
Pipes not exceeding 750mm nominal diameter shall be tested in one of the following ways:-
i. WATER TEST
A test pressure of 1.2 metres head of water above the soffit of the sewer shall be applied at the high end but not more than 6 metres
at the low end by means of a stand-pipe. Steeply graded sewers shall be tested in stages where the above maximum head shall be
exceeded if the whole section is tested in stages where the above maximum head shall be exceeded if the whole section is tested at
once. A period of one hour shall be allowed for absorption. The loss of water over a period of 30 minutes shall be measured by
adding water from a measuring vessel at regular intervals of 10 minutes and noting the quantity required to maintain the original
water level in the standpipe. The average quantity of water added for sewers up to 300mm nominal bore must not exceed 0.06 litre
per hour per 100 linear metres per mm of nominal bore of sewer. For sewers exceeding 300mm nominal bore the average quantity
of water added must not exceed 0.12 litre per hour per 100 linear metres per mm of nominal bore of the sewer.
ii. AIR TEST
The length of sewer under test shall be effectively plugged and air pumped in by suitable means e.g. a hand pump, until a pressure
of 100mm head of water is indicated in a U-tube connected to the system. The air pressure must not fall to less than 75mm head of
water during a period of 5 minutes, without further pumping, after a period of 2 minutes for requisite stabilization.
Sewers will be tested:
i. after laying and placing concrete if any but before backfilling over joints and
ii. after backfilling has been completed.
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Sewers constructed of steel, spun iron or other materials designed for high pressure shall be tested in accordance with the
provisions of clause 33.00 below. Pipes exceeding 750mm nominal diameter shall be tested as required by the contract.
Where required by the contract the sewer shall be tested for obstruction by the insertion and pulling through of twin-coupled rubber
plunges of the same diameter as the sewer.
Sewer shall be tested for infiltration after backfilling. All inlets to the system shall be effectively closed and the residual flow shall be
deemed to be infiltration. The following limits of infiltration must be exceeded:-
i. for sewers not exceeding 750mm nominal internal diameter, 0.08 litre per hour per 100
linear metres per mm of nominal bore of the sewer.
ii. for sewer exceeding 750mm nominal internal diameter 0.16 litre per hour per 100 linear
metres per mm of nominal bore of the sewer.
Infiltration to manhole must not exceed 5 litres per hour per manhole
A MANHOLES AND CHAMBERS

Manholes and chambers shall be constructed in accordance with the drawings and specifications and in the positions as detailed on
the drawings or directed by the Architect.
Pipes in and out of manholes are to be as short as practicable and shall be built in monolithically with the manhole and the manhole
made watertight. Where line, level and pipe diameter permit and where approved by the architect, the pipeline may be laid broken
through the manhole position subject to the pipe joints external to the manhole not exceeding 600mm from the inner face of the
manhole wall.
The depth of the main channel must not be less than the diameter of the largest pipe. Where pipes have been laid unbroken
through the manhole position the crown of the pipe shall be broken out to the half diameter over the full length of the manhole and
the benching completed as directed by architect.
Branch bends shall be curved in the direction of flow and will be trowelled smooth with a steel float finish. Spaces between branch
bends shall be completely filled with concrete and the faces above the main and branch channel inverts shall be trowelled smooth
with a steel float finish.
Bases and benching shall be formed in 1:2:4 nominal mix concrete trowelled smooth with a steel float finish
Manholes inside buildings and elsewhere as shown in the contract shall have cast iron pipes with access openings and bolted cover
plates with the requisite branches in lieu of open channels and branch bends. The bottom of the manhole shall be brought up in
concrete to the underside of the cast iron cover plate of the access pipe and benched up at slope of 1:12 and trowelled smooth.
Manhole covers and frames shall be fixed in the position shown, the frame shall be solidly bedded in cement mortar so that
generally the cover when in position are fair and even with the adjacent surfaces except where directed by the architect when they
shall be kept 75mm above the adjacent surfaces. Where shown or directed frames shall be bedded on one or two courses of
blockwork in cement mortar.
Step irons are not required where the depth to benching is less than 900mm and the diameter of the largest pipe is less than
450mm. Channels more than 450mm in depth shall have one or more step irons in a recess, or toe holes and hand rail or post
within easy reach, as detailed. A manhole shaft (excluding the 1-2 courses of blockwork under the cast iron cover) shall not be
constructed unless the complete length shall exceed 1.0 metres.
Where depth from ground level to top of benching exceeds 4.5 metres a ladder may be used instead of a step iron where directed.
Manhole ladders shall have brackets (not less than two pairs per ladder) of material equal to the stingers built into the blockwork or
concrete at intervals of not more than 2.0 metres.
In deep manholes suitable rest chambers shall be provided at about 6 metre intervals, each with a landing platform incorporating a
hinged trap door immediately under the ladder as detailed in the contract.
Cover slabs of manholes shall be reinforced as shown on the drawings, minimum cover to steel 40mm, and the concrete shall be as
detailed in the contract. All manholes on sewers of 600mm diameter and over shall be provided with safety chains across the mouth
of the sewer on the downstream side and handholds or a 25mm solid bar handrail shall be provided on the edges of all benching
platforms etc., as detailed or directed. The contractor shall supply two sets of lifting keys for each pattern of manhole cover
incorporated in the work.
77
All manholes and chambers when completed must be watertight and to the satisfaction of the architect.
A CONCRETE BLOCKWORK MANHOLES
Concrete blockwork manholes for sewers up to 750 mm diameter shall be constructed as detailed on the drawings, using concrete
blocks as specified laid in English bond beds and vertical joints shall be completely filled with mortar as the blocks are laid. External
joints shall be flush pointed and internal joints shall be raked out to receive rendering as work proceeds. Cuts blocks shall only be
incorporated when necessary for closures.
Where built into manhole walls, pipes of 375mm diameter and above shall have 150mm thick concrete relieving arches turned over
to the full thickness of the blockwork. Where the depth of the invert exceeds 5.0 metres below the finished ground level the arch
shall be 300mm thick. Walls of manholes up to 2.0 metres deep and up to 4.0 metres shall be increased in thickness to 400mm
blockwork. Walls over 4.0 metres deep and upto 7.0 metres shall be 600mm blockwork and over 7.0 metres deep manholes shall
be precast concrete or insitu concrete as directed by the architect. Overall manhole deep manholes shall be adjusted to the nearest
half block size with the approval of the architect.
Manhole shafts shall be 750mm by 675mm and where ladders are used this size shall be increased to 825mm by 675mm with the
shaft top corbelled as necessary.
Step iron having tail 230mm long shall be built in at 300mm vertical intervals as shown with the uppermost step iron from 60mm to
900mm from the top of the manhole cover as detailed.
PART 14
ROAD WORKS SPECIFICATIONS
A. CLASSIFIED ROADS
All clasified roads shall be done in accordance with the "Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Construction 1996" (Published
by the Ministry of Transport and Communication of the Republic of Kenya) except as supplemented, modified or revised in the
specification of particular application.
B. UNCLASSIFIED ROADS
All unclassified roads shall be done in accordance with the specification given by the Design Engineer in the contract drawing except
as amended, modified or revised in accordance with the contract.
C. CONCRETE BLOCK PAVING
1. Definition
a. "Block paving" is the term applied to flexible surfacing consisting of precast concrete paving blocks laid on
a laying course.
b. "Laying course" is the layer of material on which paving blocks are bedded.
c. "Surface course" is the layer of the precast concrete interlocking paving blocks.
d. "Edge restraint" is that part of the construction, such as a raised or flush kerb or channel, which
prevents sideways movement of the blocks and prevents loss of material from the laying course.
2. Materials
78
a. Laying Course
Material for the laying course shall be naturally occurring sand or crushed rock fines with a grading curve
falling within the following envelope:
Nominal Sieve Size (mm) Percentage by mass passing (%)
10.00 100
5.00 95-100
2.36 80-100
1.18 50-85
600µm 25-60
300µm 10-30
150µm 5-15
75µm 0-10
79
ILRI
Item Description
PREAMBLE
The works described in the Bills of Quantities shall be of high quality and the contractor shall be required to
A employ qualified and competent staff to execute the works. Proof of academic and professional qualifications
may be sought by the employer
The contractor shall be required to have a competent foreman on site at all times during the construction
B period
The contractor shall provide samples of materials for approval by the Project Architect before procuring and
C installing on site
The prices and rates inserted in the Bills of Quantities will be used for valuing work executed, and the Quantity
D Surveyor will measure the whole of the works executed in accordance with this Contract.
The prices and rates entered in the Bill of Quantities shall, except insofar as it is otherwise provided under the
Contract, include all Constructional plant to be used, labour, insurance, supervision, compliance, testing,
materials, erection, maintenance or works, overheads and profits, taxes and duties together with all general
E risks, liabilities and obligations set out or implied in the Contract, transport, electricity and telephones, water,
use and replenishment of all consumables, including those required under the Contract by the Consultants
and their staff.
0/1 Preamble
ILRI
Item Description Qty Unit Rate Amount (Kshs.)
ELEMENT NO. 1: SUBSTRUCTURE (PROVISIONAL)

The quantities for excavating and subsequent disposal are deemed to
be the bulk before excavating and no allowance shall be given for
subsequent variations in bulk
All excavations are measured net and no allowance made for working
space . Allow for plnnking & strutting sides of excavations
Multiple handling of excavated material and transporting about the site

shall be deemed to be included with the items of final disposal
EARTHWORKS
A Clear site of all bushes, shrubs, grass, undergrowth and the like
including grubbing up their roots: cart away arising from site 105 Sm
B Excavate to reduce levels : average depth 500mm starting from

existing ground level 53 Cm
C Load, transport and spread excavated material within the site to make
up levels 25 Cm
D Excavate foundation trenches commencing from reduced level: not

exceeding 1.5 m deep 58 Cm
E Return, fill and ram selected soil in foundations 38 Cm
F Remove surplus spoil from site to a location approved by the Municipal

Council 48 Cm
G Extra over all kind of excavations and earthworks for excavating

compacted gravel, decomposed rock and hard murrum by ripping or
using compressed tools 2 Cm
H Extra over all kind of excavations and earthworks for breaking up rock
at any point by means of wedges, compressed air plant, other special
plant or explosive 1 Cm
I Allow for keeping excavations free from all surface and running water
Item
Carried to Collection
2/1 Substructure
ILRI
CONCRETE
Plain concrete class 15/40 :in
A 50 mm Thick blinding to strip foundations 49 Sm
Reinforced concrete class 25/20: vibrated: in.
B Strip foundations 10 Cm
C 100mm thick floor bed 105 Sm
D Steps/ Ramps 1 Cm
Reinforcement
Ribbed bars to KS 02-22:1976: including bends, hooks, tying wire,

distance blocks and spacers
E 10 mm Bars 358 Kg
F Mesh reinforcement No. A98: in floor slab: including all necessary

supports: allow for laps and bonding to existing slabs 105 Sm
Sawn formwork: to
G Sides: strip foundation 32 Sm
H Risers of steps: over 75 mm but not exceeding 150mm girth 9 Lm
I Edges of surface bed: over 75 mm but not exceeding 150mm girth

37 Lm
2/2 Substructure
ILRI
Walls
A 200 mm Thick natural local stone foundation walls: bedded and jointed
in cement and sand (1:4) mortar 97 Sm
Hardcore
B Hardcore of approved quarry stone: compacted in 150 mm thick (max)

layers 42 Cm
Anti-termite Treatment
C Dragnet FT' anti-termite chemical treatment: applied by Insecta ltd. or

other approved professional pest control specialist: applied strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions: 10 year guarantee
105 Sm
Blinding
D 50 mm Thick approved quality quarry dust blinding to surfaces of

hardcore 105 Sm
DPM
E Gauge 1000 polythene damp proof membrane 105 Sm
Plinth Finishes
25 mm Thick cement and sand (1:4) rendering: on concrete or

stonework: wood float finished: to
F Plinths: externally 11 Sm
Natural quarry stone walls: Brown Stone: bush hammered finish to

one face: bedded, jointed and pointed in cement sand (1:3) mortar:
flush vertical and horizontal joints :in
F 50mm thick stone cladding to plinths 11 Sm
2/3 Substructure
ILRI
Liquid waterproofing coating as " Lavatex 2000" from Falcon Chemicals

and distributed by Machine & Allied Products Ltd or other equal and
approved to:
A Plinths: externally 11 Sm
Carried to Collection Below

Collection
From page 2/1
From page 2/2
From page 2/3
From Above
TOTAL FOR SUBSTRUCTURE CARRIED TO MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY
2/4 Substructure
ILRI

ELEMENT NO. 2: WALLING
External Walls
Natural quarry stone walls: Brown Stone: bush hammered

finish to one face: bedded, jointed and pointed in cement
sand (1:3) mortar: flush vertical and horizontal joints :in
A 200 mm Thick walls; (ground floor) 118 Sm
B 150mm thick walls 2 Sm
Natural quarry stone walls: Grey Stone: machine dressed to

both faces: bedded, jointed and pointed in cement sand (1:3)
mortar: flush vertical and horizontal joints :in
C 200 mm Thick walls; (1st floor) 76 Sm
D 200 mm Thick walls; gable 26 Sm
E 150mm thick walls 2 Sm
F 50mm thick stone cladding to beams 24 Sm
Natural quarry stone walls: Yellow Stone: fine dressed to one

face: bedded, jointed and pointed in cement sand (1:3)
mortar: flush vertical and horizontal joints :in
G 200 mm Thick walls (side walls) 17 Sm
H 200 mm Thick walls; gable 16 Sm
I 50mm thick stone cladding to beams 18 Sm
2/5 Walling
ILRI
Steel Angle Support
In mild steel; primed before fixing: prepare and apply three

coats gloss oil paint to metal surfaces
A 40x40x3mm mild steel angle secured with stainless steel 23 Lm

screws to concrete beam
Internal Walls
Natural quarry stone walls: machine dressed to both faces:

bedded, jointed and pointed in cement sand (1:3) mortar:
flush vertical and horizontal joints :in
B 200 mm Thick walls 45 Sm
C 150mm thick walls 62 Sm
D 100mm thick walls 19 Sm
E 200mm thick walls in chimney breast and stack 7 Cm
F In parge and chimney flue 8 Lm
In mild steel
G 150mm diameter x 2mm thick mild steel chimney flue 8 Lm
Damp proof course
Bituminous hessian base to BS 743 type A: or other equal

approved damp-proof course: in cement/ sand (1:3) mortar
H 200 mm wide 70 Lm
I 150 mm wide 26 Lm
J 100 mm wide 7 Lm
2/6 Walling
ILRI
Wall Coping
Precast concrete units class 20 (20 mm

aggregates):approved reinforcement: fairfaced surfaces; fixed
with water proof tile adhesive and grout
A 300x50mm concrete coping, weathered both sides and 33 Lm

throated
Flexible liquid waterproofing coating as " ULTRAFLEX -1K"

from Falcon Chemicals and distributed by Machine & Allied
Products Ltd or other equal and approved to:
B Concrete surfaces; Wall copings 13 Sm
Carried to Collection below
Collection
From page 2/5
From page 2/6
From above
TOTAL FOR WALLING CARRIED TO MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY
2/7 Walling
ILRI
ELEMENT NO. 3: SUPERSTRUCTURE CONCRETE
A Beams and lintels 10 Cm
B Staircases 2 Cm
C 150 mm thick suspended slab 67 Sm
D 150 mm Thick landing 3 Sm
Ribbed bars to KS 02-22:1976: including bends, hooks, tying

wire, distance blocks and spacers
E 8 mm Bars 418 Kg
F 10 mm Bars 520 Kg
G 12 mm Bars 462 Kg
H 16 mm Bars 181 Kg
I 20 mm Bars 100 Kg
I 20 mm Bars 150 Kg
Timber formwork: Marine ply boards reinforced with sawn

timber frames: to
J Sides and soffits: beams 122 Sm
K Soffits: to suspended floor slab 95 Sm
L Sloping soffits of staircase 7 Sm
M Strings of staircase: cut to profile of steps: 300mm extreme

12 Lm
2/8 Reinforced concrete

ILRI
Timber formwork: Marine ply boards reinforced with sawn

timber frames: to
A Risers: over 75mm but not exceeding 150mm girth 24 Lm
B Edges of suspended slab: over 75 mm but not exceeding

150mm girth 48 Lm
Hollow Pot Slab
300 mm thick suspended concrete slab comprising of 225mm

thick hollow precast concrete blocks size 375x225mm high and
C reinforced concrete 1:1.5:3(class 25) to 150mm wide voids and 28 Sm
75mm thick top layer
D Mesh reinforcement No. A142 : in floor slab: including all

necessary supports: allow for laps 28 Sm
Carried to Collection below
Collection
From page 2/8
From above
TOTAL FOR SUPER STRUCTURE CARRIED TO MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY
2/9 Reinforced concrete

ILRI
ELEMENT NO. 4: ROOF
ROOF STRUCTURE (all Provisional)
Sawn cypress: Structural grade: clean and fully seasoned: pre-

treated with water based wood preservative to engineers
approval: including jointing with 25x3mm metal straps with
primer and connections as necessary
Allow for hoisting trussess approx 6.0m high from ground level
A 100 x 50 mm Rafter: in trusses 143 Lm
B 100 x 50 mm: tie beam 45 Lm
C 100 x 50 mm: Struts and ties 105 Lm
D 150 x 50 mm Independent, hip and valley rafters 188 Lm
E 150 x 50mm ridge piece 14 Lm
F 150x50mm Purlins 75 Lm
G 75x50mm Purlins 130 Lm
H 225x50 mm Beam 11 Lm
I 100 x 50 mm Wall plate: fixed to concrete or masonry with

approved straps (m.s) 22 Lm
J 20x3mm metal straps 400mm long secured onto concrete

beam at 600mm centres to secure wall plate 37 No
2/10 Roof
ILRI
ROOF COVERING
Clay roofing tiles: from Kenya Clay Products or other equal

approved: 25 x 50 mm pressure impregnated cypress second
grade battens at 300 mm centres: on plain galvanised
ironsheet gauge 30 on sawn timber rafters (m.s.)
A 410x250mm Roof covering; 140 Sm
Clay Ridge Caps fixed with coloured cement sand mortar
B 400x220mm Ridge/hip cap to match 20 Lm
C Allow for labour for raking cutting roofing tiles 40 Lm
Galvanised iron sheet
D Plain sheet underlay to receive concrete tiles (m/s); 30 gauge

140 Sm
Galvanised iron metal sheet: gauge 28: pre-painted
E 400mm wide flashing to wall; bent two times 23 Lm
F Valley flashings; 600 mm wide; four times bent 12 Lm
Rainwater goods
Heavy duty Deluxe Ivory UPVC gutter as "Anton" supplied by

Hardi Kenya Ltd of Tel. +254202384212 with and includding all
accessories and fittings
G Gutter size 100x100mm with and including joiners, brackets,

clips, closed ends fixed to fascia with approved brackets 23 Lm
Carried to collection
2/11 Roof
ILRI
A Down pipe; 75mm diameter with and including joiners,

brackets, clips, fixed to wall with approved brackets at max 26 Lm
2.0m spacing
B Extra over ditto for swan neck ; complete with elbows spout 5 No
head and adaptor
C Extra over ditto for horse shoe; complete with elbows and 5 No
adaptor
Wrot cypress: Prime Grade
D 100 x 25mm thick T&G board to eaves: nailed on and

including 50 x 50 mm bearers 14 Sm
E 225 x 25 mm Fascia and barge board 23 Lm
Prepare surfaces: and apply undercoat and two finishing coats

first grade clear varnish or gloss oil paint as "Crown Paints" or
other equal approved: on wooden surfaces: to
F General surfaces: eaves 14 Sm
G Fascia and barge boards: surfaces over 200 but not exceeding
300 mm girth 23 Lm
Water Proofing
Flexible liquid waterproofing coating as " ULTRAFLEX -1K"

from Falcon Chemicals and distributed by Machine & Allied
Products Ltd or other equal and approved to:
H Suspended slab 20 Sm
2/12 Roof
ILRI
Entrance Canopy
In powder coated mild steel sections including cutting, welding

and fixing in position
A 50x50x2mm rectangular hollow section 7 Lm
B 16mm diameter steel rod secured to masonry wall with eye

hooks 4 Lm
Supply and fix approved polycarbonate sheet onto mild steel

framework with 25mm wide powder coated mild steel flat with
approved rivets
C Polycarbonate roof cover 2 Sm
Collection
From page 2/10
From page 2/11
From page 2/12
From above
TOTAL FOR ROOF CARRIED TO MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY
2/13 Roof
ILRI
ELEMENT NO. 5: DOORS
Aluminium Doors
Powder coated aluminium sections from "Booth Extrusion Ltd" or

other approved supplier; including cutting riveting and fixing into
position complete with beadings; butterfly sections and rubber
gaskets; complete with all ironmongery:- door locks; hinges.
Supply and installation by an approved specialist subcontractor
Sliding aluminium door overall size 1500x2550mm high in

100x45mm powder coated aluminium frames; Double glazed with
A 4mm thick clear and 6mm thick laminated sheet glass; extra tower
bolt with key lock 1 No.
B Ditto size 1500x2700mm high 1 No.
Timber Doors
45 mm Thick approved Hardwood (Mahogany) solid Panel Doors

to detailed design. Refer to door schedule
C Door overall size 800x2030mm overall; Single leaf; 4No. Solid

panels 2 No.
D Door overall size 800x2030mm overall; Single leaf; 2No. Solid

panels 7 No.
Wrot Mahogany: prime grade; stained
E 250 x 50 mm Door frame: rebated 14 Lm
F 200 x 50 mm Door frame: rebated 48 Lm
G 38 x 25 mm Architrave 122 Lm
2/14 Doors
ILRI
Fanlight
Glass sheet in openings: including timber beads; panes not

exceeding 0.50 sq.m to fanlights
A 4mm thick clear sheet glass 1 Sm
B 4mm thick obscure sheet glass 2 Sm
C Double glazing with 2No. 4mm thick clear sheet glass 1 Sm
D Double glazing with 2No. 4mm thick obscure sheet glass 1 Sm
Ironmongery
Supply and fix English "Union" or other equal approved

ironmongery: matching screws: locks to include a set of 3 keys:
catalogue numbers refer to "Union catalogue issued by "Assa
Abloy (E.A.) Limited" of Tel. No. +254-20-531569 and Fax No.
+254-20-532077: refer to schedule
E Stainless steel butt hinges: 100x75x2mm 14 Prs
F 3-lever mortice lock lockset with Brass door handle 2 No.
G 3-lever mortice lock lockset with brushed stainless steel door

handle 1 No.
H 2-lever mortice lock lockset with brushed stainless steel door

handle 6 No.
I Wall mounted rubber door Stopper 3 No.
J Floor mounted oval door Stopper 2 No.
2/15 Doors
ILRI
A 250 x 25 x 3 mm Thick mild steel fixing cramps: one end bent and
screwed to frame: other end flanged and built into block work or
concrete 54 No
B Peep Hole/ Eye piece 1 No.
C "Fortis" Slam hook lock with pin 1 No.
Decorative Grille Door
Fabricate and fix a decorative mild steel door to detailed design;

Apply primer and three coats of gloss oil paint as "Crown" or other
approved
D Door overall size 2960x2700mm high with a single door leaf size
1050x2100mm high 1 No
E Extra over grille door for purpose made 200mm diameter

"Kitengela Glass" infill discs 10 No
Painting
Prepare surfaces and apply one coat (undercoat) and two coats
polyurethene clear lacquer paint as "Crown Paints" or other equal
approved: on wood surfaces: to
F General surfaces: Doors 42 Sm
G Frames and the like: 200-300mm girth 48 Lm
Galvanized Steel Gate
In galvanized steel
H Supply and fix steel gate overall size 1000x2000mm high overall
comprising of 50x50x2mm SHS frame and 25x25x1.5mm SHS
secondary members complete with 50x50x2mm SHS outer door 1 No
frame
2/16 Doors
ILRI
Burglar proofing
Mild steel burglarproofing to Architect's detail design; powder

coated finish
A Burglar proofing grille in mild steel sections; bars and flats (to
Aluminium doors) 8 Sm
Collection
From page 2/14
From page 2/15
From page 2/16
From Above
TOTAL FOR DOORS CARRIED TO MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY
2/17 Doors
ILRI
ELEMENT NO.6: WINDOWS
Purpose made Aluminium casement windows; Powder coated

100x45mm sections:to architects detail and approval: including
approved manufacturer's ironmongery : Double glazed
windows to be infilled with 4mm thick sheet glass and 6mm
thick laminated sheet glass; All windows to have moveable fly
screen : heavy duty hinges and stays: Supply and installation
by an approved specialist subcontractor
A Window size 600x2550mm high overall; double glazed 2 No
B Window size 600x2700mm high overall; double glazed 2 No
C Window size 1200x1500mm high overall; double glazed 1 No
D Window size 1200x1500mm high overall; single glazed 1 No
E Window size 3300x1500mm high overall; double glazed 1 No
F Window size 1500x1500mm high overall; double glazed 1 No
G Window size 1800x1500mm high overall; double glazed 1 No
H Window size 2100x1500mm high overall; double glazed 1 No
I Window size 900x1500mm high overall; double glazed 1 No
J Window size 1500x1500mm high overall; double glazed 1 No
K Window size 1200x1200mm high overall; single glazed 1 No
Dormer windows
Powder coated mild steel louvred dormer window complete

with UV resistant plastice fly screen mesh
L Window size 3000x1200mm high overall; triangular shaped

1 No
2/18 Windows
ILRI
Window Cill Finish
Approved first grade granito floor tiles from "Tile & Carpet
Centre" or other equal approved: regular pattern: colour to
architect's scheme: approved water proof tile grout to joints
A 150x10mm thick granito tile to window cills 20 Lm
Approved pre-cast concrete cill: bedded and jointed in cement

(sand (1:3) mortar: pointed in water proof tile grout
B 150 x 25 mm Thick cill; once weathered and throated 17 Lm
Approved wrought iron curtain rods with approved ends: matt

painted: fixed to masonry wall with approved brackets to detail
C 50mm diameter curtain rods 18 Lm
Mild steel burglarproofing to Architect's detail design
D Burglarproofing grille in mild steel sections; bars and flats 28 Sm
Prepare surfaces: apply undercoat and two finishing coats first

grade gloss paint as "Crown Paints" or other equal approved
metallic paint: on metal surfaces: to
E General surfaces: burglarproofing grilles internally (measured

flat overall) 28 Sm
F Ditto externally 28 Sm
Collection
From page 2/18
From Above
TOTAL FOR WINDOWS CARRIED TO MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY
2/19 Windows
ILRI
ELEMENT NO. 7: FINISHES
Floor finishes
Cement and sand (1:4) screed: to floors:
A 30 mm thick finished to receive laminated timber floor finish

117 Sm
B 30 mm thick finished to receive granito floor tiles 78 Sm
"PERGO" Laminated floor boards with accompanying underlay

from Floor Décor kenya Ltd or other equal and approved fixed
with approved adhesive in asccordance with manufacturer's
instructions :
C 10mm thick laminated floor board ; Grade AC 5 117 Sm
In Wrot mahogany hardwood; prime grade:
D 100 x 20mm skirting: one rounded junction with wall finish: one
coved junction with floor finish: counter sinking and flush
pellating 105 Lm
Prepare surfaces by sanding and apply undercoat and two

finishing coats varnish as " Crown Paints" or other equal
approved to:
E Timber surfaces; 100-200mm girth 105 Lm
10 mm thick Approved first grade non slip granito tiles: from

"Tile and Carpet Centre or other approved supplier: to
architect's pattern: bedding and jointing in approved water
proof tile adhesive and grout
F 600x600x10mm floor tiles as "Roman Granit GT602023R"

78 Sm
G 100x10mm skirting to match 95 Lm
2/20 Finishes
ILRI
Internal Wall finishes
Cement and sand (1:4) mortar: to walls:
A 15 mm Thick backing: to receive stone cladding 7 Sm
B 15 mm Thick backing: to receive granito tiles 75 Sm
Natural blue stone cladding; machine cut to regular pattern:

bedding and jointing in approved tile adhesive and grout
C 200 x 100 x 15mm thick stone cladding to walls 7 Sm
Approved first grade granito tiles: from "Tile and Carpet Centre
or other approved supplier: to architect's pattern: bedding and
jointing in approved water proof tile adhesive and grout
D 300x600x10mm thick granito tiles 75 Sm
E Extra over ditto for aluminium edge strip 25 Lm
Plaster: 9 mm first coat of cement/lime putty/sand (1:2:9): 3 mm

second coat of cement/lime putty/sand (1:1:6): steel trowelled:
skimming with gypsum paste; on masonry or concrete: to
F Walls: internally 460 Sm
G Window and door reveals 26 Sm
2/21 Finishes
ILRI
Prepare surfaces and apply undercoat and two finishing coats

silk vinyl emulsion paint as " Crown Paints" or other equal
approved on plastered masonry or concrete surfaces: to
A Walls: internally 460 Sm
B Window and door reveals 26 Sm
External Wall finishes
Cement and sand (1:4) render: on concrete or masonry: steel

trowel finished: to
C 15mm thick: to walls and concrete: externally 5 Sm

Emulsion Paint on plastered masonry or concrete surfaces: to
D Walls and concrete: externally 5 Sm
Ceiling finishes
E 50 x 50mm second grade cypress brandering at 600 mm

centres to receive gypsum ceiling boards 280 Lm
Gypsum board with and including stainless steel studs and

bracing : fixed with countersunk screws; skimmed finish
F 12 mm thick board to ceiling: nailed to 50 x 50mm second

grade cypress brandering at 600 mm centres (measured
seperately) 110 Sm
2/22 Finishes
ILRI
A 800 x 800 mm wide trap door 1 No
B 150x15mm moulded decorative PVC cornice 132 Lm

on masonry or concrete: to
C Concrete ceiling 95 Sm

approved on softboard or timber or concrete surfaces: to
D Gypsum ceilings: general surfaces 110 Sm
E Cornices: surfaces not exceeding 100 mm girth 132 Lm
F Concrete ceilings: general surfaces 95 Sm
Staircases Finishes
Cement and sand (1:4) screed: on concrete: wood floated: in
G 20 mm Thick in landings : finished to receive granito floor tiles

(m.s) 3 Sm
H Ditto: 300 mm wide treads 24 Lm
I Ditto: 150 mm high risers 24 Lm
J Ditto: strings of staircase: to profile of steps: 300mm extreme

12 Lm
2/23 Finishes
ILRI
10 mm thick Approved first grade non slip granito tiles: from

"Tile and Carpet Centre: to architect's pattern: bedding and
jointing in approved water proof tile adhesive and grout
A 600x600x10mm thick floor tiles to landing 8 Sm
B 280 mm wide treads with anti-slip grooves 24 Lm
C 150 mm high risers 24 Lm
D 20x100 mm High skirting 8 Lm

on masonry or concrete: to
E Soffits of staircase: internally 12 Sm

approved on plastered masonry or concrete surfaces: to
F Soffits of staircase: internally 12 Sm
2/24 Finishes
ILRI
Staircase Railing
In mild steel; 50mm diameter Circular Hollow Section handrail

and 6No. 16mm horizonatal round bars supported by 2No.
40x4mm mild steel flat balusters cast in concrete floor at
1000mm centres
A 900mm high Mild steel balustrading to detailed design 11 Lm
Prepare surfaces: apply metal primer and two finishing coat

"Crown Paints" or other equal approved metallic paint: on metal
surfaces: to
B Handrail, balusters, bottom rail and infill members: both sides

22 Sm
Collection
From page 2/20
From page 2/21
From page 2/22
From page 2/23
From page 2/24
From Above
TOTAL FOR FINISHES CARRIED TO MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY
2/25 Finishes
ILRI
ELEMENT NO. 8: FIXTURES & FITTINGS
Breakfast Bar Granite top
Stainless steel Brackets
A 50x25x2mm stainless steel brackets secured to masonry wall with bolts

3 Lm
20mm thick aproved polished granite slabs fixed to metal frame with
approved screws
B Worktop 2 Sm
C Extra over granite for forming bull nose to edges of slab 4 Lm
TOTAL FOR FIXTURES CARRIED TO MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY
2/26 Fixtures
ILRI
ELEMENT NO. 9: EXTERNAL WORKS (ALL PROVISIONAL)
Carpark and driveway
A Clear site of all bushes, shrubs, grass, undergrowth and the like
including grubbing up their roots: burn and/or cart away arising from
site 50 Sm
B Excavate 500mm deep oversite to reduce levels and cart away; 25 Cm
400 mm thick approved hardcore filling: deposited, spread, levelled

C
and compacted in layers not exceeding 150mm thick 20 Cm
D 50mm thick quarry dust to receive paving blocks 50 Sm
Medium duty interlocking precast concrete paving blocks as 'Bamburi

Blox' or other equal and approved. Laid and compacted to levels and
falls
E 60mm Thick precast concrete block paving on sand bedding

(measured seperately) 50 Sm
F Allow for laying of sand on top of paving blocks and compact using a
plate vibrator to allow settlement between joints 50 Sm
Precast Concrete Kerb
G 250mm x 125mm splayed kerb: 125 x 100mm channel: 10mm thick

mortar bed: 350mm x 100mm class 15/20 concrete base: 100 x
210mm class 15/20 concrete haunch: excavation and disposal: to
Engineer's detail
2 Lm
H 125 x 100mm channel in 20mm thick mortar bed: 100 x 210mm class
15/20 concrete haunch: excavation and disposal:
6 Lm
Walk way
I 600x600x50mm Precast concrete paving slabs laid on and including

50mm thick sand bed 5 Sm
2/27 External Works

ILRI
Garden Fence
G Excavate foundation trenches commencing from reduced level: not

H Excavate pits for column bases commencing from reduced level: not
A Return, fill and ram selected soil in foundations 4 Cm
B Remove surplus spoil from site to a location approved by the

Municipal Council 6 Cm
Plain concrete class 15/40 :in
C 50 mm Thick blinding to strip foundations 2 Sm
D Ditto to column bases 6 Sm
E Strip foundations 1 Cm
F Column bases 1 Cm
Ribbed bars to KS 02-22:1976: including bends, hooks, tying wire,

distance blocks and spacers
G Assorted reinforcement bars 120 Kg
Walls
H 200 mm Thick natural local stone foundation walls; bedded and
jointed in cement and sand (1:4) mortar 3 Sm
I 200 mm Thick machine dressed stones : bedded and jointed in

cement and sand (1:4) mortar 7 Sm
J 400x400mm masonry piers; machine dressed stones : bedded and

jointed in cement and sand (1:4) mortar 20 Lm
K Extra over walling for key pointing to horizontal joints 30 Sm
2/28 External Works

ILRI
L 450x450x60mm Precast concrete coping to columns 6 No
A 350x50mm Precast concrete coping to walls bedded and jointed in

mortar 1:3 3 Lm
Wooden Trellis Screen

B Fabricate and erect a wooden trellis screen comprising 75x25mm
treated timber at 100mm centres diagonally both ways and nailed to
100x50mm outer timber frame work 30 Sm
C Prepare surfaces and apply three coats of gloss oil paint to timbers
surfaces externally 60 Sm
Carport Shade
D Excavate pits for column bases commencing from reduced level: not
exceeding 1.5 m deep; part return and fill and dispose surplus spoil
1 Cm
E Mass mix 1:3:6 concrete footing 1 Cm
F 100x3mm mild steel Circular Hollow section column embedded in

concrete footing 6 Lm
G 50x3mm Circular Hollow section trusses and framework welded to

column support 30 Lm
H Prepare and spray paint automotive paint to metal surfaces: 200 -

300mm girth 36 Lm
I Supply and fix high density sun shade net in approved quality fabric
from "Proform Ltd" or other approved supplier 18 Sm
Collection
From page 2/27
From page 2/28
From above
TOTAL FOR EXTERNAL WORKS CARRIED TO MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY
2/29 External Works

ILRI
ELEMENT NO 10: PRIME COST & PROVISIONAL SUMS
P.C. Sums for works to be executed by nominated Sub-

contractors
A Provide a Prime Cost Sum for Electrical Installations Item 987,200.00
B Allow a sum for profit %
C Allow a sum for special and general attendance Sum
D Provide a Prime Cost Sum for Structured Cabling Installations

Item 379,800.00
E Allow a sum for profit %
F Allow a sum for special and general attendance Sum
G Provide a Prime Cost Sum for Plumbing & Drainage Installations

Item 2,628,700.00
H Allow a sum for profit %
I Allow a sum for special and general attendance Sum
J Provide a Prime Cost Sum for Kitchen and Wardobe Fittings

Item 1,700,000.00
K Allow a sum for profit %
L Allow a sum for special and general attendance Sum
M Allow a sum for builders work in connection with installation of

electrical and mechanical equipment and fittings:- cutting holes,
chasing walls, drilling holes etc and making good disturbed surfaces
Item
Carried to collection 5,695,700.00
2/30 Provisional Sums

ILRI
PROVISIONAL SUMS
Subject to remeasurement at contract rates where applicable
Multi-Fuel Stove
A Allow a provisional sum for supply and fixing of a multi-fuel stove

complete with mild steel flue Item 100,000.00
Collection
From page 2/30
From page 2/31
TOTAL FOR PROVISIONAL SUMS CARRIED TO MAIN SUMMARY
2/31 Provisional Sums

ILRI
MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY
ELEMENT DESCRIPTION Amount (Kshs)
1 SUBSTRUCTURE
2 WALLING
3 SUPERSTRUCTURE CONCRETE
4 ROOF
5 DOORS
6 WINDOWS
7 FINISHES
8 FIXTURES & FITTINGS
9 EXTERNAL WORKS
10 PRIME COST & PROVISIONAL SUMS
SUB-TOTAL
MULTIPLY BY 8No. UNITS x8
TOTAL FOR MAIN HOUSE CARRIED TO MAIN

SUMMARY
2/32 Main Hse Summary

ILRI
SECTION NO. 3: COMMON EXTERNAL WORKS
Site Preparation
A Cut down trees and grubbing up their roots; not exceeding 600mm girth
3 No
B Carefully remove existing precast concrete paving slab size

600x600x50mm thick and cart away debris 30 Sm
New Road
C Clear site of all bushes, shrubs, grass, undergrowth and the like
including grubbing up their roots: burn and/or cart away arising from
site 1275 Sm
D Excavate to reduce levels; 400mm deep 510 Cm
E Remove surplus spoil from site to a location approved by the Municipal

Council 510 Cm
F Approved hardcore filling: deposited, spread, levelled and compacted

in layers not exceeding 150mm thick: to 90% at Max Dry Density 510 Cm
G 50mm thick quarry dust/sand beddding to receive paving blocks

1275 Sm
Heavy duty interlocking precast concrete paving blocks as 'Bamburi

Blox' or other equal and approved. Laid and compacted to levels and
falls
H 60mm Thick precast concrete block paving on sand bedding

(measured seperately) 1275 Sm
I Allow for laying of sand on top of paving blocks and compact using a
plate vibrator to allow settlement between joints 1275 Sm
3/1 Common External Works

ILRI
Precast Concrete Kerb
A 250mm x 125mm splayed kerb: 125 x 100mm channel: 10mm thick

mortar bed: 350mm x 100mm class 15/20 concrete base: 100 x 210mm
class 15/20 concrete haunch: excavation and disposal: to Engineer's
detail
300 Lm
B Ditto curved on plan 30 Lm
C 125 x 100mm channel in 20mm thick mortar bed: 100 x 210mm class
15/20 concrete haunch: excavation and disposal:
160 Lm
Walk way
D 600x600x50mm Precast concrete paving slabs laid on and including

50mm thick sand bed 100 Sm
Storm Water Drainage
Excavate the following trenches in natural ground or compacted fill ;

part backfill and compact selected excavayed material ; remove surplus
spoil from site ; grade and compact bottoms ; plunking and strutting ;
for concrete pipes ;
E
Excavate for storm water drain not exceeding 1.5m deep; average
700mm deep and cart away surplus excavated material 300 Lm
F
Invert block drain size 600 x 300mm wide internally; jointed in cement
and sand (1:3) mortar on and including 50mm sand bed 160 Lm
G 225mm wide x 50mm thick precast concrete side slabs on and

including 50mm thick sand bed 192 Sm

ILRI
Culverts
Mass concrete : Class 20/20 to detailed in Engineers drawings
A 700x150 mm Bed and haunching to 300 mm diameter pipe 10 Lm
B Concrete surround to concrete pipe 3 Cm
Precast Concrete pipes; jointed with cement and sand mortar (1:3)
C 300mm Diameter concrete pipes ; laid in trenches (m/s) 10 Lm
Head wall
D Head wall to edge of culvert; average size 1200x800mm high

comprising 450x200mm mass concrete foundation, 200mm thick
masonry wall with 12mm thick plaster to both sides including curved
cutting to walling 2 No
Mild Steel Grating
E Cast insitu reinforced concrete 1:2:4 U - shape open drain channel size
450mm wide x 450mm deep (internal) with 150mm thick side walls and
150mm thick base including all necessary formowrk and mesh
reinforcement 140 Lm
F
600mm wide mild steel grating comprising 2No. 50x50x 6mm mild steel
angle bottom frames; 2No 40x40x4mm angle top frames and
40x6mmx600mm long flats welded to side frames at 40mm spacing.
Outer frames to be embedded in concrete with mild steel cleats at
600mm centres 140 Lm
G Prepare and apply three coats gloss oil paint to metal surfaces 168 Sm

ILRI
Foul Drainage
Inspection chamber consisting of concrete class 20/20 in 100mm thick

bed, concrete class 20/20 in benching and channeling for 150mm
diameter UPVC pipes(m.s), 150mm thick solid concrete block walling,
150 mm thick suspended slab to top, reinforced with 12mm diameter
mild steel bars at 200mm centres both ways, cement and sand (1:4)
render to sides and bottom, including all the necessary excavations,
backfilling and carting away excavated materials, formwork and boxing
in for opening.
A 600 x 800 mm manhole internal dimensions:1000 mm average depth to

invert 18 No
B 600x450mm reinforced concrete cover comprising 40x40x4mm angle

frames to cover and 50x50x6mm to manhole top infilled with 8mm
reinforcement bars welded to frame at 150mm centres both ways
18 No
C Excavate trench average depth 1000mm to receive UPVC pipe; part

return fill and ram and dispose surplus spoil 225 Lm
D Extra over all excavations for excavating in any type of rock 2 Cm
E 100mm diameter heavy gauge golden brown UPVC pipe in ground

5 Lm
F 150mm diameter heavy gauge golden brown UPVC pipe in ground

120 Lm
G 200mm diameter heavy gauge golden brown UPVC pipe in ground

100 Lm

ILRI
PRIME COST & PROVISIONAL SUMS
P.C. Sums for works to be executed by nominated Sub-

contractors
A Provide a Prime Cost Sum for Electrical Installations Item 3,420,730.00
B Allow a sum for profit %
C Allow a sum for special and general attendance

Sum
D Allow a sum for builders work in connection with installation of electrical
and mechanical equipment and fittings:- cutting holes, chasing walls,
drilling holes etc and making good disturbed surfaces
Item
PROVISIONAL SUMS
Subject to remeasurement at contract rates where applicable
Septic Tank
E Allow a sum of Ksh 500,000/= for construction of a septic tank and

soak pit to detail design Item 500,000.00
Collection
From page 3/1
From page 3/2
From page 3/3
From page 3/4
From above
TOTAL FOR COMMON EXTERNAL WORKS CARRIED TO MAIN HOUSE SUMMARY

ILRI
MAIN SUMMARY
BILL DESCRIPTION
BILL NO Amount (Kshs)
1 PRELIMINARIES 1
2 MAIN HOUSE 2
3 COMMON EXTERNAL WORKS 3
4 CONTINGENCY:
Allow a Provisional Sum of for Contingencies 2,000,000.00
Subtotal
Add 16% VAT
TOTAL COST
Signed
Tenderer Employer
Date Date
Main Summary

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Prepared by:

Design Architect & Project Manager: Architect of Record:

Kobus Botes Kanyue & Partners

Services Engineer: Civil & Structural Engineer:

Gedox Associates Ltd Gathara & Partners

Instructions to Tenderers ............................................Page 1 to 6

Preliminaries .................................................... Page 1/1 to 1/19

Specifications ......................................................... Page 1 to 79

Measured Work ......................................................................

Main Summary .......................................................................

PROPOSED NEW STAFF HOUSING FOR INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE

shall be read and construed as part of the said contract.

PROPOSED NEW STAFF HOUSING FOR INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE

In accordance with the Bills of Quantities and Drawings referred to therein:

FIXED LUMP SUM OF KSHS.(Figure)………………………………………………………………….

Name :___________________________________ Name :___________________________________

Affix official Stamp

BY THIS AGREEMENT, we ...................................…………………………………….......(SURETY)

ARE BOUND to .........................………………….…………………………..............(EMPLOYER)

in the sum of KENYA SHILLINGS ............................................…………………………….

.......................…………………......... (K. Shs........................…………………………......

to be paid by us to the said ............................……………………………..........(EMPLOYER)

WHEREAS by an agreement in writing dated .......................…………………………...........

Entered into contract with …………….. .................…………………………….........(EMPLOYER)

Authorized by power of Attorney No. ...………………….......................

Item Description Shs.

SECTION NO. 1: PRELIMINARIES

A THE PROJECT TEAM

International Livestock Research Institute

Design Architect & Project Manager:

The "Architect of Record"

Kanyue & Partners

The "Quantity Surveyor"

Buildnett Consultants Ltd

The "Civil & Structural Engineer"

Gathara & Partners

The "Mechanical & Electrical Engineer"

Gedox Associates Ltd

TOTAL CARRIED TO COLLECTION

Item Description Shs.

D DESCRIPTION OF WORK AND SCOPE OF CONTRACT.

● Substructure, superstructure and roof construction

TOTAL CARRIED TO COLLECTION

Item Description Shs.

A CLAUSES OF THE STANDARD FORM OF CONTRACT

TOTAL CARRIED TO COLLECTION

Item Description Shs.

TOTAL CARRIED TO COLLECTION

Item Description Shs.

TOTAL CARRIED TO COLLECTION

Item Description Shs.

APPENDIX TO THE CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT

The Appendix to the Conditions of Contract shall be completed as follows:-

n Clauses 31.14, 32.4.5, 34.6

Item Description Shs.

B DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations used in these Bills of Quantities shall be interpreted as follows:-

a “Approved”: Shall mean approved by the Architect

c “B.S.”: Shall mean

Name :_ Name :_