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Nipun Thapa (Computer Graphics)

Computer Graphics
Unit 1

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1. Introduction to Computer Graphics

• Computer Graphics is a field related to the generation of
graphics using computers.
• Computer graphics are graphics created using computers and
the representation of image data by a computer specifically
with help from specialized graphic hardware and software.

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• It includes the creation, storage, and manipulation of images
of objects .
• These objects come from diverse fields such as physical,
mathematical, engineering, architectural, abstract structures
and natural phenomenon.

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2. Application Of Computer Graphics

• Computer Aided Design (CAD)
• Presentation Graphics
• Computer Art
• Entertainment

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• Education and Training
• Visualization
• Image Processing
• Graphical User Interfaces (GUI‟s)
• Simulation
• Cartography
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2.1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)

• In CAD, graphics is used to design components and systems of
mechanical, electrical, electro-mechanical and electronic
devices including structures such as buildings, automobile
bodies, airplane, VLSI chips, optical systems and telephone
and computer networks.

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2.1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)…..

• Objects are displayed in wireframe outline that shows the
overall shape and internal features of objects.

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2.1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)…..

• Architects use computer graphics to layout floor plans that
shows positioning of rooms, doors, windows, stairs, shelves
and other building features. Electrical designers then try out
arrangements for wiring, electrical outlets and other system to
determine space utilization on a building.

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2.1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)…..

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2.1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)…..

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2.1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)…..

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2.1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)…..

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2.2. Presentation Graphics

• Presentation Graphics is commonly used to summarize
financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific and economic
data for research reports, managerial reports and other types
of reports.

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2.2. Presentation Graphics…..

• Typical examples are bar charts, line graphs, surface graphs,
pie charts and other displays showing relationship between
multiple variables.

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2.2. Presentation Graphics…..

• The 3D graphics are usually used simply for effects; they can
provide a more diagrammatic or more attractive presentation
of data relationship.

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2.2. Presentation Graphics…..

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2.2. Presentation Graphics…..

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2.3. Computer Art

• Computer graphics is used to generate arts.

Nipun Thapa (Computer Graphics)

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2.3. Computer Art

• They are widely used in both fine art and commercial art
applications. Fine art is drawn by artist hand and this kind of
art is perfect to the artist skill. Artist use a variety of computer
methods including special purpose hardware, artist's paints
brush program, other paint packages, specially developed

Nipun Thapa (Computer Graphics)

software.

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2.3. Computer Art

• Mathematics packages, CAD packages, desktop publishing
software and animation packages providing facilities.

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2.4. Entertainment and Gaming

• Computer graphics methods are new commonly used in
making motion pictures, music videos and TV shows.

Nipun Thapa (Computer Graphics)

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2.4. Entertainment and Gaming

• Images are drawn in wire-frame form and will be shaded with
rendering methods to produce solid surfaces. Music videos
use graphics in several ways.

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2.4. Entertainment and Gaming

• Computer graphics are also used to introduce virtual
characters to movies like character in “Lord of the Rings”.

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2.5. Education and Training….

• Computer graphics is used in education and training for
making it more effective and more illustrative.

Nipun Thapa (Computer Graphics)

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2.5. Education and Training…..

• Computer generated models of physical, financial, and
economic systems are often used as educational aids. A
student can learn surgery using data gloves and realistic
computer graphics.

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2.5. Education and Training…..

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2.6. Visualization
• Visualization is the process of visually representing the data.
To visualize large amount of information graphical computer
systems are used.
• Some methods generate very large amount of
data/information, analysis the property of the whole amount

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of data is very difficult. Visualization simplifies the analysis of
data by using graphical representation.

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2.6. Visualization…..

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2.6. Visualization…..

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2.7. Image Processing

• Image can be created using simple point program or can be
fed into computer by scanning the image. These picture/
images need to be changed to improve the quality.
• Form image/pattern recognition systems, images need to be
changed in specified format so that the system can recognize

Nipun Thapa (Computer Graphics)

the meaning of the picture.
• Currently computer graphics is widely used for image
processing.

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2.7. Image Processing….

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2.7. Image Processing….

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2.7. Image Processing….

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2.7. Image Processing….

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2.8. Graphical User Interfaces (GUI‟s)

• GUIs have become key factors for the success of the software
or operating system.
• GUI provides point-and-click facilities to allow users to select
menu items, icons, and objects on the screen.
• Word processing, spreadsheet, and desktop-publishing

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programs are typical applications that take advantage of user-
interface technique.

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2.8. Graphical User Interfaces (GUI‟s)…..

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2.8. Graphical User Interfaces (GUI‟s)…..

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2.9. Simulation
• A representation of a problem, situation, etc. in mathematical
terms, using a computer is called simulation.
• Computer Simulation is the process of mapping the real-world
scenarios into mathematical model using computer graphics.
• Recently computer graphics is widely used to create simulated

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environment.
• E.g.; Robot Operation Simulation, Pilot Training, Military
Training etc.

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2.9. Simulation…..

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2.9. Simulation…..

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2.9. Simulation…..

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2.9. Simulation…..

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2.9. Simulation…..

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2.9. Simulation…..

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2.10. Cartography
• Cartography is the study and practice of designing maps using
computer graphics.
• Computer graphics is used to produce both accurate and
schematic representations of geographical and other natural
phenomena from measurement data.

Nipun Thapa (Computer Graphics)

• Examples include geographic maps, exploration maps, for
drilling and mining, oceanographic charts, weather maps etc.

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2.10. Cartography…..

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3. Advantage of Computer Graphics

1. A high quality graphics displays of personal computer provide one
of the most natural means of communicating with a computer.
2. It has an ability to show moving pictures, and thus it is possible to
produce animations with computer graphics.
3. With computer graphics use can also control the animation by

Nipun Thapa (Computer Graphics)

adjusting the speed, the portion of the total scene in view, the
geometric relationship of the objects in the scene to one another,
the amount of detail shown and so on.
4. The computer graphics also provides facility called update
dynamics. With update dynamics it is possible to change the
shape, color or other properties of the objects being viewed.
5. With the recent development of digital signal processing (DSP)
and audio synthesis chip the interactive graphics can now provide
audio feedback along with the graphical feedbacks to make the
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#Assignment 1
1.Write History of Computer Graphics.

Last date : Nov 30

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