Internet technologies

Year 8

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Class:

Teacher:

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Lesson 1 – entry task

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Lesson 2 – entry task

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Lesson 1 – The Internet
Networking recap Switch
The role of a switch is to allow multiple
computers to be connected. Each device
is connected to the switch by a cable
(Ethernet cable). The switch will send
information to the correct computer. This
is known as routing. It forms the main
part of any large LAN network.

WiFi box

Router This is only used in larger

companies or schools. WiFi
This device, like a switch, allows many different computers to be boxes allow devices to connect
connected together. The key difference is that a router will also allow to the network wirelessly. At
you to connect a LAN network to a WAN network. This commonly home you may have a WiFi
means connecting to the internet. At home you will have a WiFi router, router. This combines a WiFi box
which enables your home (LAN network) to connect to the internet and a router together.
(WAN network). Not all routers have WiFi and in larger networks, like a
school, WiFI is supplied using special devices known as a WiFi box.
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What is the Internet?
The Internet is a large group of computers that are connected
together. There are millions of computers connected to this network
across the world. The users of these computers can communicate
with each other by sending emails, transferring files, instant
messaging, etc.
When you use websites and some apps, you are using the Internet.

What computer devices can connect to the Internet?

 Smart watches
 e-Books
 Digital cameras
 Mobile phones
 Laptops and Computers
 Tablets and iPads

How does data move around on the Internet?

Every computer device that is connected to the Internet has a unique
address, which is called an Internet Protocol Address (IP Address).
The IP address is a series of numbers separated by dots, for example:
182.84.156.47
A router will use the IP address to route data to and from devices
that are connected to the Internet.

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How does the Internet work?
When computers communicate over a network they need to agree
on specific rules for how they will send and receive data. This is
known as a protocol.
When data is sent over a network from one computer device to
another, it is known as a packet.
Larger messages or files may be split into multiple packets. Each
packet includes instructions on how the data fits together as well as
details about where the data came from and where it is going.

Routers are responsible for routing packets over a network and they
use IP addresses to do this.
For example, imagine you are visiting a web page with an image on
it. How does the image get to your computer?
The image is stored on a web server somewhere in the world. Your
computer will send a request to the server, for this image.
Your request is sent in a packet and this packet will include your
computers IP address, as well as the servers IP address and other
important instructions.
This enables the router to route your packet requesting the image to
the correct server, and then the image can be routed back to your
device again. Depending on the size of the image, the data may be
sent in multiple packets so your computer may need to re-order
these packets before your web browser is able to display them on
your screen.
This entire process usually takes less than a second!

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 Lesson 1 – The Internet worksheet

Task 1 – Networking and the Internet

In your exercise books, answer the following questions in full
sentences:
1. Fill in the gaps using the words below: (In your exercise books!)

connected, A _______ is where _______ or more

geographical, computer devices are _______ together.
geographical, There are two types to know about: _______
LAN, and _______.
small,
two,
WAN, LAN stands for _______ this is a network
large, which is over a _______ _______ area. For
network, example, a _______.
Local Area Network,
Wide Area Network,
school, WAN stands for _______, this is a network
devices, connecting devices over a _______ _______
bank area. For example a _______.

2. Explain the role of the following networking hardware devices that

form a network:
 A switch
 A router
 A WiFi box
3. What is the Internet?
4. Write down at least three uses of the internet – i.e. what can the
internet be used for?

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Task 2 – How the Internet works
In your exercise books, answer the following questions in full
sentences:
1. What is a protocol?
2. What is an IP address?
3. What is a packet and what kind of information does it include?
4. Illustrate how data is sent over a network. You may use the
example in the reading section however you must explain the
process in your own words.
If you do not wish to draw then you can list the steps instead.

Task 3 – The Internet vs the World Wide Web

Fill in the gaps using the words below: (In your exercise books!)

collection The _____________ and the ____________

are not the same.
world wide web
The Internet is a ______________ of
world different computers located all around the
_____________.
web servers The ________________________ is
different. The Web is a collection of
internet ____________________that are stored on
computers (called _________________) all
internet
over the world.
webpages The Web is accessed through the
___________________.

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 Lesson 2 – Servers and hosting

The World Wide Web

The Internet is a huge collection of networks all connected together.
The World Wide Web or ‘www’ is a collection of webpages found on
the internet. Your web browser uses the internet to access the www.

A webpage is a single digital document. It can contain text, images,

sounds, animations, videos and hyperlinks to other web pages.
A webpage is stored on a web server connected to the internet and
can be viewed on a web browser such as Google Chrome or Firefox.

A website is typically a collection of connected webpages and each

webpage has its own unique web address.

Server vs Client
A server is a powerful computer responsible for managing and
storing files. They also provide services to other computers on the
network.

A client is a computer that is connected to a server. Clients rely on

servers to provide and manage data.

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Servers
There are many types of server. Some popular examples include:

 Web server – A web server is responsible for storing web content

for other computer computers linked to the Internet to access.
It serves the web browser of a computer by sending over any
requested html files or pages so that they can be displayed on the
screen for the client.

 Mail server – A mail server is responsible for storing emails,

receiving incoming emails and for sending out emails.

 File server - A file server is responsible for managing and storing

data and files centrally. This allows other computers on the
network to access them from one place.

Hosting
For a website to be available on the Internet for clients to access, the
web content needs to be uploaded to a server that is connected to
the Internet.
Once all of the web files are uploaded to a web server then clients
can begin to access this website.

There are many companies that allow people to rent space on their
web servers to upload web content to. So if you want to create your
own website, you would need to pay a company to let you upload
your web content onto their server. This is what we call hosting.

Hosting is the storing of files and data on a web server. The web
server is referred to as a host.
Each web server hosts many websites and webpages. This is what
makes websites available on the Internet!

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 Lesson 2 – Servers and hosting worksheet

Task 1 – The World Wide Web

1. Explain the difference between a website and a webpage.
2. Explain the difference between the Internet and the World Wide
Web (www).
3. Explain why you think servers are used to store websites instead of
computers.

Task 2 – Servers
1. What is a client?

2. Give an example of a client in the school network.

3. What is a server?

4. Give an example of a server in the school network.

5. Write down the names of three servers. What are each of these
servers responsible for?

Task 3 – Hosting
1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘hosting’.

2. Give an example of when a client might upload to a web server.

3. Give an example of when a client might download from a web

server.

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