M. Ed.

(Semester System)
Educational Plan & Management
z}lIfs of]hgf / Joj:yfkg
Second Semester Subject & Code :
521 - Curriculum Practice -kf7\oqmd cEof;_
522 - Education & Development -lzIff / ljsf;_
525 - Recent Trends in Education Planning & Management
-z}lIfs of]hgf / Joj:yfkgsf] jt{dfg k|rng_
527 - Educational Management Information System
-z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL_
528 - Educational Resource Management -z}lIfs ;|f]t Joj:yfkg_
529 - Theory & Practices of Non Formal Education
-cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] l;4fGt / cEof;_
Evaluation system
Internal Evaluation 40%
1. Attendance 5 points
2. participation in learning 5 points
3. First assignment/assessment 10 points
4. Second assignment/assessment (Mid-term test) 10 points
5. Third assignment/assessment 10 points
Total 40 Points
External Evaluation ( Final Examination) 60%
1. objective type questions (101 point) 10 points
2. Short answer questions (56 points) 30 points
3. Long answer questions (210 poinst) 20 points
Total 60 points
Educational Management Information System

Unit -1
Concept of Management Information
System (MIS)
-Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] cjwf/0ff_

Specific Objective
1. Define & describe the basic concept of management
information system MIS along with its attributes of information
system.
-Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf cfwf/e"t cjwf/0ffsf] kl/efiff / ;"rgf k|0fnLsf
ljz]iftfx? JofVof ug{ ._
2. Define, analysis & design of an information system
-;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljZn]if0f / 9ffFrf kl/eflift ug{ ._
3. Explain the process analysis with example
-k|lqmof ljZn]if0fsf] pbfx/0f ;lxt j0f{g ug{ ._
4. Describe the contemporary approaches of the information system.
-;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;d;fdlos cjwf/0ff JofVof ug{ ._
5. Describe the future of MIS
-Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] eljio JofVof ug{ ._
6. Explain the challenges of information system.
-;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] r'gf}tLx? j0f{g ug{ ._
7. Describe improving educational quality through better use of
information
-;"rgfsf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u4f/f z}lIfs u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ ;DaGwdf JofVof ug{ ._
8. Impact of information system on human resource management.
-dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkgdf ;"rgf k4ltsf] c;/ jf k|efj pNn]v ug{ ._
 Title :
1.1 Basic concept of MIS
1.2 Attributes of information system
1.3 Analysis & design of an information system
1.4 Process analysis of MIS
1.5 Contemporary approaches to information system
1.6 Future of MIS
1.7 The challenges of information system.
1.8 Improving educational quality through better
use of information
1.9 Impact of information on HRM.
1. Concept of MIS -Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0fnfnLsf] cjwf/0ff_
jt{dfg ;"rgf / ;~rf/sf] o'udf ;"rgfn] s'g} klg ;+3 ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf,
;~rfng / To;sf] ;d"lrt Joj:yfkgdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 .
Management df Planning, Organizing, Leading, Directing,
Controlling cflb sfo{x? kb{5 . oL sfo{x? k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;~rfng ug{
;"rgfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 .
pko'Qm ;dodf pknAw x'g] ;xL / e/kbf]{ ;"rgf Joj:yfkg ;kmntfsf] k|d'v
;|ft] sf] ?kdf dflgG5 .
MIS df d"Vo u/L lgDg # zAbx?sf] ;+o'Qm ?k x'G5 M
s_ Joj:yfkg (Managemrnt)
v_ ;"rgf (Information)
u_ k|0ffnL (Syftem)
o;/L Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] af/]df k|i6 x'g pNn]lvt # zAbx?sf] 5'§f 5'§}
rrf{ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
A. Management -Joj:yfkg_ M
pknAw ;fwg ;|ft] nfO{ ;+:yfsf] nIo tyf pb]Zo cg'?k clwstd\ pknlAw xfFl;n
x'g] u/L ;xL k|of]u / kl/rfng ug'{ Joj:yfkg xf] . o; leq Planning,
Organizing, Motivation Co-ordinating, communicating,
Leading, Controlling, Budgeting cflb sfo{x? lg/Gt/ eO/xG5g\ .
Management is the art of getting things done through and
with the people in formally organized groups -Koontz
ljleGg Policies, procedures, rules, programmes, budget,
strategies, schedules agfO{ ;+:yfsf] of]hgf cg';f/sf] nIo xfl;n ug]{ sfd
;xh agfpg Management ul/G5 .
Robert B Anthony n] Joj:yfkgsf] lgDg # txsf] af/]df rrf{ u/]sf 5g\
i) Strategic Management (Top Management)
ii) Management Control (Middle Management)
iii) Operational Control (Operating Management) qmdz===========
Joj:yfksLo k|lqmofnfO{ Jerome Kanter n] lgDg cg';f/ Jojl:yt / ;/nLs[t u/]sf
5g\ . M
ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf] k|s[lt / ;+/rgf cg';f/ Joj:yfkgdf ljleGg txx?sf] ljsf;
ul/Psf] x'G5 . Joj:yfkgsf] txsf] lgwf{/0f ;+3 ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f, k|s[lt, sfo{n] klg
lgwf{l/t x'G5 . ljleGg pBf]u wGbf, z}lIfs ;+:yf, Jofkfl/s ;+:yf, cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ug]{
;+:yf cflbdf o;sf] ;+/rgf ljleGg k|sf/n] Jojl:yt ul/G5 .
ljleGg Joj:yfksLo sfo{df MIS n] 7"nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 . o; wf/0ffnfO{ lgDg
tlnsfaf6 k|i6 kfl/G5 . M
B. Information -;"rgf_ M
s'g} klg ;+:yfsf] sfo{Ifdtf / sfo{bIftf clej[l4 ug]{ Ps k|d'v cf}hf/ ;"rgf xf] .
;+:yfdf ePsf jf hDdf kf/LPsf s'g} vf; ;dosf] tYof+snfO{ dfq ;"rgf eGg ldNb}g
. lglZrt nIo k|fKt ug{ tyf s'g} vf; cjlwsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] jf k|fKt tYof+snfO{
cy{k"0f{ t/Lsn] b]vfOG5 eg] To;nfO{ ;"rgf elgG5 .
;"rgf lxhf] ul/Psf] sfo{sf] cg'ej xf] . o;nfO{ cfhsf] of]hgf tyf sfdx?sf] nflu
tof/ kf/L k|of]u ul/Psf] x'G5 . k|jGwsLo k|efjsf/Ltfsf] nflu ;"rgf w]/} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5
. ;"rgf s;n], s;/L / lsg tof/ kfb{5 eGg] s'/fn] klg dxTj /fVb5 . w]/} h;f]
;+:yfdf zlQm To; JolQmdf x'G5, hf] ;Fu cfjZos dxTjk"0f{, tfhf tyf cfw'lgs ;"rgf
x'G5 .
Joj:yfkgsf] ljleGg txdf ;"rgf cfjZos x'G5 , ;+3 ;+:yfdf k|fKt x'g] tYo
tYof+snfO{ lglZrt k|lqmofut r/0f kZrft ;"rgf Jojl:yt ul/G5 . o;/L tYof+s /
;"rgfsf] ;DaGwnfO{ lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 .
;"rgfsf] cfjZostf lsg kb{5 <
!_ ;d:ofnfO{ /fd|/L klxrfg ug{ .
@_ k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug{ .
#_ ;d:ofsf] sf/0f 7Dofpg .
$_ ;d:ofsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ .
%_ sfof{Gjogsf] t/LsfnfO{ kl/eflift ug{
^_ d"Nof+sg ug{ .
To:t} u/L ;"rgfsf] dxTjnfO{ lgDg a'Fbfn] cem k|i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 .
1. Information is the heart of the management process.
2. The role reliable information, the better the decision.
3. Information relates to yesterday's experience/action that is
processed and utilized for todays plans and actions.
4. One fundamental pre-requisite for effective management is an
adequate information system.
C. System -k|0ffnL_ M
Joj:yfkgdf rNg] lglZrt k|lqmof / k4tL g} k|0ffnL xf] . Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg
tYox? Ps csf{;Fu cGt/lge{/ x'G5g\ ;fy} lt tTjx? Ps csf{df cfwfl/t klg
x'G5g\ . oxL Inter related / Inter dependent tTjx?sf] ;DaGwaf6 g}
k|0ffnL rn]sf] x'G5 .
A system may be defined as a set of element which are joined
together to achieve a common objective - DP Goyal
System emphasizing a fair degree of integration and holistic view.
-S. Sadagopan
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; (Evolution of MIS) :
!_ ;g\ !(%) sf] bzsb]lv cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] k|of]unfO{
;'?jft u/]sf] xf] . !(%& df USA cf}Bf]lusLs/0fsf] o'uaf6 ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] o'udf
k|j]z u¥of] .
@_ ;g\ !(^) df Robert Mc Namara n] PPBS- Programming, Planning,
Budgeting System df o;sf] cf}krfl/s k|of]u u/]sf lyP .
#_ ;g\ !(%$ df USA df cd]l/sg Census sf] nflu Computer sf] k|of]u
ul/Psf] lyof] .
$_ !(%) sf] bzssf] clGtd lt/ / !(^) sf] bzssf] ;"? lt/ ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u /
k|rng sd} lyof] . ;~rf/sf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf 6]lnkmf]gsf] k|of]u Jofks lyof] .
Electronic Accounting machine sf] abnfdf Data Processing ug{
Computer sf] k|of]u ev{/ ;'? ul/Psf] lyof] .
%_ krf;f} / ;f7Lcf}+ bzsdf 7"nf] tYofFsnfO{ Speedily and Accurately ?kdf eg{
;lsg] dx;'; u/L Material accounting, Invoicing and Billing h:tf sfo{sf]
nflu sDKo'6/sf] k|of]u ul/of] . qmdz=========================
^_ kl5 Programmable Calculator sf] ?kdf EDP (Electronic Data
Processing) sf] k|of]u ul/of] . To;kl5 IBM(International Business
Machines) sf] ljsf; eof] .
&_ PC(Personal Computer) sf] k4tL / k|of]unfO{ hf]8 lbFb} k|To]s dflyNnf] txsf]
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu clgjfo{ agfOof] . PS system sf] k|lqmof;Fu} DSS(Decision
Support System) sf] k|of]u ;'? ul/of] .
*_ c;Lsf] bzsdf o; k4tLdf cem ;'wf/ u/L Knowledge Base System sf]
ljsf; u/L o;nfO{ DSS ;Fu PsLs[t ul/of] .
(_ kl5 MMS(Model Management System) sf] ljsf; eof] DSS, MIS /
MMS n] dWod :t/Lo Joj:yfkgnfO{ hf]8 lbof] .
!)_ xfn EIS(Executive Information System) nfO{ hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 h;n]
k|ToIf oflGqs pkof]u / cGt/lqmofnfO{ hf]8 lbG5 . EDP/MIS/DSS/MMS/KBS
kl/j]z cg';f/ cGt/lge{/ / PsLs[t;d]t ug]{ ul/G5 .
o;k|sf/ lj1fg / k|ljlw cGtu{t sDKo'6/ k|ljlwsf] lg/Gt/ ljsf; / lj:tf/n] ;"rgf
Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLnfO{ klg qmdz ;xh / ;/n agfpFb} nu]sf] kfOG5 . cfh ljZje/
MIS nfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] cj:yf 5 . o;sf] k|of]u ljZje/ al9/x]sf] 5 .
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0fnLsf] s] xf] < (What is MIS?) :
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL af/]df a'em\gsf] nflu o;sf s]xL lgDg k/Lefiff x]/f}+ M
MIS as an overall system for providing relevant and timely
information to decision makers. -Champhan
Gordon B. Vasis / H. Olson sf cg';f/ M
i) An integrated user machine system
ii) For finding information
iii) To support the operation, management, analysis and decision
making in an organization.
The system utilizes:
a) compare hardware and software
b) Manual Procedure
c) A data base
d) Model of analysis learning decision making
MIS as an integrated user operations, management and decision
making function in an organization. - Telem

Training Programme on Education Management Information

System Report df MIS sf] kl/efiff lgDg cg';f/ lbOPsf] 5 . M
"MIS is defined as an information system which provides the
managers with the information they need to make decisions."

"MIS is a set of structures and procedures that govern the

collection, processing, analysis, presentation and use of
information within an organization. " - Windham
WS Jawadekar n] MIS sf] kl/efiff w]/} x'g] s'/f atfpFb} s]xL k|d'v kl/efiff
lgDg cg';f/ x'g] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . M
i) The MIS is define as a system which provides information support for
decision making in the organization.
ii) The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for
providing the information to support the organizations, the
management and decision making function in the organization.
iii) The MIS is define as a system based on the data base of the
organization evolved for the propose of providing information to the
people in the organization.
iv) The MIS is defined as a computer based information system.
dflysf ljleGg kl/efefiffaf6 MIS Pp6f Psn k4tL geP/ ljleGg k|0ffnL /
pkk|0ffnLsf] ;+o'Qm ?k xf] eGg] a'lemG5 . Joj:yfkgdf x'g] ljleGg sfo{x?lar
;dGjo ug{, cfjZos lg0f{o lng klg ;"rgf k|0ffnL lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . lg0f{o
k|lqmofnfO{ ;/nLs[t agfpg Jojl:yt / cTofw'lgs ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ hf]8
lbOPsf] 5 .
MIS k|lqmofnfO{ a'em\g lgDg rf6{ ;xof]lu x'g]5 M
MIS wf/0ffnfO{ cem k|i6 kfg{ DP Goyal n] lgDg lrq k|:t't u/]sf
5g\ M
s'g} klg ;+3 ;+:yf tyf JolQmsf] sfo{bIftf / sfo{Ifdtf cflej[l4 ug]{ d"n
;+oGq g} ;"rgf xf] . log} ;"rgfnfO{ plrt ;dodf plrt 9+un] cy{k0" f{
?kdf k|of]u x'g ;Sg] u/L Joj:yfkg ug]{ k|0ffnLnfO{ g} Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnL (MIS) elgG5 .
pknAw ;+slnt tYof+snfO{ k|zf]wg u/]/ cy{k"0f{ ?kdf tof/ kf/]kl5 ;"rgf
tof/ x'G5 . tYof+s ;+sng, ;f]sf] p2]Zo, ljlw, k|zf]wg, e08f/0f, cfk"lt{
tyf Joj:yfkg cflb ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{ ultljlwx? g} Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL
(MIS) xf] .
tYof+ssf] ;+sng, k|zf]wg, k|;f/0f / e08f/0f u/L cy{k0" f{ k|of]usf nflu
pko'Qm agfO{ plrt ;dodf pknAw u/fpg] ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof g} MIS xf] .
pknAw ;+slnt ;a} tYof+sx? ;"rgf gx'g ;S5g\ / cy{k"0f{ klg gx'g ;S5
t;y{ tYof+snfO{ cy{k0" f{ agfpg] k|lqmof g} Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL (MIS)
xf] .
2. Attributes of Information System -u'0f tyf ljz]iftf_ M
MIS sf] k|d'v u'0f tyf ljz]iftfnfO{ lgDg cg';f/ a'Fbfut ?kdf k|i6 kfl/G5 M
!_ k4ltut wf/0ff (System Approach)
@_ Joj:yfkg s]lGb|t (Management Oriented)
#_ cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t (Need Based)
$_ eljZof]Gd'v (Future Oriented)
%_ PsLs[t (Integrated)
^_ ;femf tYof+s k|jfx (Common Data Flow)
&_ bL3{sflng of]hgf (Long term Planning)
*_ pkk|0ffnLut wf/0ff (Sub system Concept)
(_ s]Gb|Lo tYof+ssf] cfwf/ (Central Data Base)
 MIS sf] u'0f tyf ljz]iftfnfO{ k|of]u / k|rngsf] lx;fan] lgDg a'Fbfx?af6 klg
k|i6 kfl/G5 M
!_ ;"rgf ;fGble{s x'g'kb{5 .
@_ ;"rgf lg0f{ostf{sf] ;fd' ;dodf pknAw x'g'kb{5 .
#_ ;"rgf ;xL / tYok/s x'g'kb{5 .
$_ ;"rgf k|of]u of]Uo x'g'kb{5 .
%_ pknAw ;"rgf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;xfos x'g'kb5{ .
^_ 36]sf] 36gf jf s'g} sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] ;"rgf hlt;Sbf] 5f]6f] ;dodf ;f]sf]
;"rgf ;DalGwt lgsfodf k'u]sf] x'g' kb{5 . o; k|sf/sf] ;dosf] b"/L sd x'g]
k4ltnfO{ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf pko'Qm ;do k|0ffnL (Real Time
System) elgG5 . cyjf MIS df pko'Qm ;do k|0ffnLsf] u'0f x'g'kb{5 .
3. Analysis & design of Information System
-;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljZn]if0f / 9fFrf_ M
s_ ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljZn]if0f M
s'g} klg ;+3 ;+:yfdf ljleGg tYof+sx?sf] ;+sng, JofVof ljZn]if0f, ;d:ofsf]
klxrfg, k4lt ;~rfngsf] nflu pko'Qm ;"rgfsf] pkof]u s] s;/L ug]{ eGg]
s'/fsf] af]w cfjZos x'G5 . eO/x]sf] k4lt / k|lqmofsf] uxg cWoog g} k|0ffnL
ljZn]if0f xf] .
of] tfls{s k|lqmofsf] ?kdf ul/G5 . ;d:ofsf] ;xL ;dfwfg s] s;/L x'G5, ;+:yf
s] s;/L rNg'kg]{ xf], s] s;/L rln/x]sf] 5 eGg] eGg] s'/fsf] JofVof ljZn]if0f
k|0ffnL ljZn]if0fn] u5{ .
System analysis means identification, understanding and
examining the system for achieving pre-determined goal or
objective of the system. -DP Goyal
System analysis is concern with identifying
management information needs by maximizing utility
of the computer in satisfying these needs.
k|0ffnL ljZn]if0f Ps k|fljlws sfo{ xf] To;}n] klg k|0ffnLsf] cWoog /
ljZn]if0fnfO{ lgs} dxTj lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . k|0ffnL ljZn]if0faf6 k|To]s
pkof]ustf{n] cfkm"nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ k"/f ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ ;kmn x'G5 .
s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k|0ffnLsf k|sf/x?nfO{ WS Jawadekar n] lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't
u/]sf 5g\ M
1. Data Processing System
2. Transaction Processing System
3. Functional System
4. Integrated System
5. Enterprise management
Don Yeates n] k|0ffnLsf] k|sf/nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ # txdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ M
!_ /0fgLlts k|0ffnL - Provide information to managers to enable
them to make better informed decisions.
@_ sfo{gLlts k|0ffnL - Use stored data from operational system
#_ sfof{Tds k|0ffnL - Transactional based system
k|0ffnL ljZn]if0fsf] cfjZostf M
1. System Objective
2. System boundaries
3. System importance
4. Nature of system
5. Role of the system as an interface
6. Understanding the resource needs
7. Assessment of feasibility
8. Participation of users.
k|0ffnL ljZn]if0fsf] lgwf{/0fsf /0fgLltx? M
DP Goyal n] system analysis determination strategies nfO{ lgDg
cg';f/ @ t/Lsfn] ljefhg u/]sf 5g\ M
s_ c;+/lrt ljZn]if0f cf}hf/ – of] ;"rgf ;+sngsf] sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . o;
cGtu{t lgDg ;fwgx?sf] k|of]u ul/G5 M
c_ cGtjf{tf{ cf_ k|ZgfjnL
O_ cjnf]sg O{_ tYof+ssf] k'g/fjnf]sg
v_ ;+/lrt ljZn]if0f cf}hf/ – ;+/rgfTds ljZn]if0f k4lt ljZn]if0f k4lt;Fu
;DalGwt 5 . o; cGtu{t lgDg ;fwgx?sf] k|of]u ul/G5 M
c_ tYof+s k|jfx 8fou|fd
cf_ tYof+ssf] e08f/0f
O_ tYof+s k|jfx j[If
O{_ tYof+s tflnsf
jt{dfg k|0ffnL ljZn]if0fsf] dxTj M
hj ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] pb]Zo lglZrt x''G5, To;a]nf e}/x]sf] k|0ffnLsf] ljZn]if0f
cfjZos x'G5 jt{dfg k|0ffnLsf] ljZn]if0faf6 lgDg pknlAw x'G5g\ . h;nfO{
System analysis sf] dxTjsf] ?kdf lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't ul/G5 . M
!_ jt{dfg kl/l:yltsf] 1fg x'G5 .
@_ jt{dfg k|0ffnLaf6 k|fKt pknlAwsf] 1fg x'G5 .
#_ sDKo"6/ k4ltsf] k|of]u Pj+ k|efjsf] d'Nof+sg / MIS design sf af/]df tyf
o;sf] :yfgaf/] klxrfg ug{ ;3fp k'Ub5 .
$_ k|fljlws tyf sfof{Tds b[li6n] k|0ffnL pko'Qm 5 5}g hfgsf/L x'G5 .
%_ s] ;"rgfsf] cfjZostf 5 eGg] k|dfl0ft x'G5 .
^_ olb ;"rgf cf}lrTok"0f{ 5 eg] ;"rgfsf] dxTj;Fu nfUg]] nfut klg cf}lrTo k"0f{
5 5}g hfgsf/L x'G5 .
&_ k|0ffnLdf nfu]sf] ;dosf] af]w x'G5 . qmdz ===================
*_ k|0ffnL sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf / :yfgaf/] af]w x'G5 .
(_ k|0ffnLsf] nIo / p2]Zo lgwf{/0f ug{ tyf ;f] cg';f/ eP gePsf] yfx kfpg
;lsG5 .
!)_ k|0ffnLdf pTkGg x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf ;fdu|L ;+sng ug{ ;lsG5 .
!!_ k|0ffnLdf aGg] lgod, lgb]{zg tyf sfg'gaf/] :ki6 hfgsf/L x'G5 .
!@_ ljleGg lgoGq0f k|0ffnL agfpg ;lsG5 .
!#_ ;d:ofsf] klxrfg u/L k|0ffnLnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg] sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 .
!$_ klxn] nfu]sf nfut t'ngf ug{ / To;af6 ePsf] pknlAw dfkg ug{ ;lsG5 .
!%_ k|0ffnL pkof]ustf{sf] rfxgf, dfu / cfjZostfcg';f/ sltko k|0ffnLdf
x]/km]/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
k|0ffnL ljZn]if0fsf] r/0fx? M
WS Jawadekar n] k|0ffnL ljZn]if0fsf] r/0fnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ M
!_ ;"rgfsf] cfjZostf - Define the nature of information also who
wants and who uses.
@_ k|0ffnLsf] JofVof - Decide the nature, type of the system and its
scope.
#_ ;DefJotf - Technical success, economic viability and
operational effectiveness.
$_ cfjZostfsf] lj:t[lts/0f - Identify the precise terms, the
strategic, functional and operational information needs.
S. Sadagopan n] k|0ffnL ljZn]if0fsf] sfo{df lgDg k|lqmof cggfpg'kg]{ s'/fdf
hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ M
1. Organizational context of system analysis
2. Role of system analysis
3. System development life cycle
4. Requirement Analysis
5. Requirement specification
6. Diagramming techniques
7. Feasibility analysis
8. Feasibility report
:6]eG] n]6/n] k|0ffnLsf] cj:yfnfO{ lgDg $ txdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .
1. Initiation 2. Development 3. Implementation
4. operation & maintenance
To:t} pgn] k|0ffnL Jojl:yt ug{ 4P - Product, Price, Place &
Promotion nfO{ klg hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .
v_ ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] 9fFrf M
k|0ffnL ljsf;sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ r/0f System Design xf] . System
Analysis kZrft\ o; r/0f ;'? x'G5 . System analysis n] What? sf]
hjfkm tof/ u5{ eg] System design n] How? sf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbG5 .
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; s] s:tf] ug]{ eGg] s'/f ;+u7gsf] k|s[lt, ;+/rgf, nIo tyf
p2]Zodf klg lge{/ ub{5 .
;'rgf k|0ffnL 9fFrfsf] lgdf{0f ubf{ lgDg pb]Zosf] cfwf/df ug'{kb{5 M
!_ k|of]ufTds (Practically)
@_ nrstf (Flexibility)
#_ ;Ifdtf (Efficiency)
$_ ;'/Iff (Security)
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;n] ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] 9fFrfsf] lgwf{/0f sfo{df dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u ub{5
. k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;df w]/} k4lt / 9fFrfx? k|rngdf 5g\ . h;sf] lgDg cg';f/
qmd};Fu rrf{ ul/G5 .
Waterfall Model :
r/0fx? M
1. Mission & Goal
2. Information needs specifications
3. Analysis
4. System design
5. Process design
6. Testing
7. Implementation
8. Maintenance
Waterfall Model :
Waterfall Model :
Waterfall Model :
Waterfall Model :
Spiral Model :
Prototype Model :
Structure System Analysis and Design Model :
Interactive Enhancement Model :
DP Goyal n] System Design nfO{ lgDg b'O{ ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ M
s_ cjwf/0ffTds 9fFrf (Conceptual Design)
o; cGtu{t lgDg cj:yfx? x'g'kg]{ s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
➢ Define Problem
➢ Set system objective
➢ Identify constraints (Internal and External)
➢ Determine information needs
➢ Determine information sources - (internal and external
records, managers & operating personnel)
➢ Development various design - (economic performance,
operational basic)
➢ Document the conceptual design
➢ Prepare report
v_ lj:t[t k|0ffnL 9fFrf (Detailed System Design)
o; cGtu{t lgDg cj:yfx? x'g'kg]{ s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
➢ Project planning and control
➢ Involve the user
➢ Define the detailed sub system
➢ Input/output design
➢ Feedback from the user
➢ Data base design - data flow diagram
➢ Procedure design
➢ Design documentation
k|of]u / k|rngsf] lx;fan] k|0ffnL 9fFrf k4ltnfO{ lgDg lqmofsnfk4f/f
k|:t't ul/G5 M
➢ Method design
➢ Document design
➢ Control procedure
➢ Backup procedure
➢ Volume analysis
➢ Device requirement
➢ Estimate run time
➢ Program specification
➢ Input/output layout
➢ Documentation
WS Jawadekar n] k|0ffnL 9fFrfsf] r/0fx?nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't
u/]sf 5g\ M
1. Conceptual system design
2. Detailing the system design
3. Structuring the system design
4. Conceptual model of computer system
5. Break the system programme modules
6. Develop the test data for checking the system ability
7. Install the system
8. Implementation
9. Review and maintenance
4. Process Analysis of MIS -k|lqmof ljZn]if0f_ M
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] k|lqmof ljZn]if0fnfO{ lgDg cg';f/ @ ?kdf k|:t't ug{
;lsG5 M
!_ nufgL, k|lqmof / pTkfbg
@_ nIo / pb]Zo
!_ nufgL, k|lqmof / pTkfbg (Input, Process & Output)
A system may be defined as a set of elements which are joined
together to achieve a common objective. -DP Goyal
System emphasizing a fair degree of integration and holistic view.
- S. Sadagopan
;+:yfdf s'g} klg ;fdu|L pTkfbg ug{ sRrf kbfy{ Input sf] ?kdf, pQm sRrf kbfy{
w'nfO{ ug]{ sfo{ Process / To;af6 pTkflbt j:t' Output sf] ?kdf /xG5 . o;/L
s'g} klg ;+:yfdf o:tf] k|0ffnL lg/Gt/ rln/xG5 . o:tf] k|0ffnLdf Feedback &
control kIfx? klg ;dfj]z x'G5g\ .
k|0ffnLnfO{ lgDg lrq4f/f k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 M

olb k|0ffnL :jlgoldt jf :jrflnt ePdf To;nfO{ Cybernetic System elgG5 .

To;}u/L olb k|0ffnL ljleGg bafjsf] cfwf/df jftfj/0fLo tTjsf] k|efjsf] cfwf/df
;~rfng 5 eg] To;nfO{ System with boundary and environment elgG5 .
oxfF k|0ffnLsf] nufgL, k|lqmof / pTkfbg 9fFrfnfO{ qmd};Fu rrf{ ul/G5 M
s_ nfufgL 9fFrf (Input Design) :
Generally output from a system is regarded as the main
determinant of the system's performance yet as already
mentioned, output from the system are affected by the inputs to
the system. Input design is equally important for the system
designer.

1. Control of the volume of 1. Heading & data entry

input data 2. Data heading & value
2. Avoid processing delay 3. Data type & width of the
during data entry column
3. Avoid data entry errors 4. Initials of data entry
4. Keep the process simple operator
v_ k|lqmof 9fFrf (Process Design) :
Procedures are the rules, standards or methods designed to
increase the effectiveness of the information system. The
procedures detail about the task preformed in using the system.

1. Data entry procedures

2. Run-time procedures
3. Error-handling procedures
4. Security & backup procedures
5. Software documenting procedures
u_ pTkfbg 9fFrf (Output Design) :
At this stage the following activities take place:
i) Specific outputs which are required to meet the information
needs are identified.
ii) Method of the presenting information are selected.
iii) Report formats or other documents that act as carrier of
information.

1. It should provide information about the past, present or

future events.
2. It should signal important events, opportunities and
problems
3. It should trigger an action in response to some event.
4. It should confirm an action as a result of some transection.
 1. Who will receive the output?
2. When and how often is the output needed?
3. What is its planned use?
4. How much detail are needed?

1. Detail dominate the contents.

2. Contents are classified in group.
3. Total are to be drawn and comparisons are to be made.

1. Paper size
2. Specials forms
3. Multiple copy of output
4. Turn around documents
5. Output layout
1. Analysis of the present System
2. Determination of information requirement
3. Conceptual design of the new system

1. Build on what already work.

2. Always began with a prototype.
3. Consult with users at all levels throughout the design stage.
4. Link the system to other on going activities.
5. Ensure system adaptability.
@_ nIo / p2]Zo (Goals & Objectices)
oxfF k|0ffnL ljZn]if0fnfO{ ;+:yfsf] nIo / pb]Zo;Fu ;DalGwt /xL rrf{
ul/G5 . x/]sf ;+:yfsf] pkk|0ffnLx?sf nIo / pb]Zox? x'G5g\ . h'g ;'s}
;+:yfsf] nIo :t/Lo j:t' tyf ;]jf clws dfqfdf pTkfbg ug]{ x'G5 . ;f]xL
nIo cg'?ksf] j:t' tyf ;]jf pTkfbg ug]{ p2]Zo x'G5 .
hj xfdL k|0ffnLsf] cjnf]sg u5f}{, To; a]nf p2]Zo cg';f/sf] pknlAwsf]
n]vfhf]vf ug]{ s'/f cfpF5 . ;+:yfsf] pknAwL s] eof] < slt eof] < slt
x'g'kg]{ xf] < s;/L eof] < h:tf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nIo / p2]Zosf] cfwf/df dfq
k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
sltko z}lIfs ;+3;+:yf tyf Jofkf/ Joj;fodf x'g] ;d:of xn ug{ ;j{k|yd
;+:yfsf] nIo / p2]Zosf af/]df kl/lrt x'g'kb{5 . nIo / pb]Zo s] slt
xfFl;n eof], To;sf] n]vfhf]vf lgoldt ?kdf ug'{kb{5 . k|To]s pkef]Qmfsf]
;Gt'li6 tyf pTkfbgsf] u'0f:t/ g} ;+:yfsf] k|d'v p2]Zo x'g'kb{5 .
o; af/]df Post & Anderson eGb5g\ M
For instance, improved customer satisfaction or product
quality might be useful goals. But how do we measure
them? Managers who measure customer satisfaction by
the number of complaints they receive will make different
decisions than those who actively survey customers. In
other words, the measurement of our performance with
respect to the goals will depend on the data we collect.
o;/L s'g} klg ;+3;+:yfsf] lgwf{l/t nIo / pb]Zon] p;sf] ;kmntf tyf
c;kmntf n]vfhf]vf ug{ ;lsG5 . nIo / p2]Zo s] slt xfFl;n eof] To;sf]
d'Nof+sg u/L ;+:yfsf] cj:yf ;d]t klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
5. Contemporary Approaches to Information System
-;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;d;fdlos cjwf/0ff_ M
;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u / cWoog ljleGg If]qdf ul/G5 . ;"rgf ;DalGw Pp6} dfq
l;4fGt jf cjwf/0ffn] dfq o; If]qdf k|efj kf/]sf] x'Fb}g . ;fdfGotof o;sf @
j6f efux? M k|ljlws (Technical) / Jojxfl/s (Behavioural)
cjwf/0ffx?df k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] ;"rgf k|0ffnL eg]sf] ;fdflhs–k|fljlws
k|0ffnL (Socio-technical system) xf] .
o; af/]df Laudan & Dass eGb5g\ – Information System are socio-
technical system. Though they are composed of devices &
hard physical technology, they require substantial social,
Organizational & intellectual investments to make them work
properly.
;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;d;fdlos cjwf/0ffnfO{ lgDg rf6{af6 k|i6 kfl/G5 M
k|ljlws cjwf/0ff (Technical Approach) :
i) Computer Science : Computer science is concern with
establishing theories of computability, methods of
computation & method of efficient data storage & access.
ii) Management Science : Management science emphasizes
the development of models for decision making &
management practice.
iii) Operation Research : It focus on mathematical
techniques for optimizing selected parameters of
organizations, such as transportation, inventory control &
transaction costs.
Jojxf/jfbL cjwf/0ff (Behavioural Approach) :
s_ ;dfhzf:qLo cWoog M o;n] ;d"x s] s;/L ag]sf] 5 < ;+u7gsf] cfsf/
k|sf/ / :j?k s:tf] 5 < ljsf;sf k|0ffnL s] s:tf] 5 < k|To]s k|0ffnLn] JolQm,
;d"x / ;+u7gnfO{ s:tf] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 < h:tf s'/fsf] cWoog u/L cfjZos
;"rgf k|bfg ub{5 .
v_ dgf]a1 } flgs cWoog M o;n] JolQmn] lg0f{{o ug{ s] s:tf] ?lr÷rfv
b]vfPsf] x'G5 < lg0f{o k|lqmofnfO{ s] s;/L u|0f u5{ < cf}krfl/s ;"rgfsf] k|of]u
JolQmn] slt / s;/L u/]sf] x'G5 < h:tf k|Zgsf] dgf]a1 } flgs cWoog ub{5 .
u_ cy{zf:qLo cWoog M cy{zf:qLo cWoogn] pkef]Uo ;fdu|Lsf] hfgsf/L s]
s:tf] 5 < pkef]Uo j:t'sf] dfu / ahf/ s] s:tf] 5 < j:t'sf] ahf/ /
ultzLntfsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 < dfu, d'No, cfk"lt{, pTkfbg, pkef]u, art tyf
nfugLsf] cj:yf / ;DaGwsf] cWoog ub{5 .
To;}u/L Jojxf/jfbL b[li6sf]0f cg';f/ Laidon, Loudan & Dass n] ;"rgf
k|0ffnLsf] ;d;fdlos cjwf/0ff -Socio Technical System nfO{ hf]8
lbPsf 5g\ . oxfF ;fdflhs k|fljlws k|0ffnLnfO{ Plss[t u/L cuf8L a9fpg]
cjwf/0ff NofPsf 5g\ .
k|To]s k|ljlwsf] hGd, ljsf; / lj:tf/ ;dfhs} cfjZostfsf nflu ul/Psf]
x'G5 eGg] dfGotf /flvPsf] 5 . ;g\ !(&) tfsf ljleGg pBf]uwGbf tyf
lzIffdf ;d]t sDKo"6/df cfwf/e"t ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;'? u/L o;df ljz]if hf]8
lbOPsf] kfOG5 . MIS n] sDKo"6/ lj1fg, Joj:yfkg lj1fg, k|of]ufTds
cg';Gwfg h:tf kIfnfO{ Plss[t cjwf/0ff cg';f/ k|of]udf NofPsf] kfOG5 .
;fdflhs k|fljlws ;"rgf k|0ffnL cg';f/ k|ljlwsf] # j6f ljsNk pNNf]v ul/Psf]
5 / To;kl5 k|ljlwsf] 9fFrf lgdf{0f x'g] x'G5 . To:t} ;+u7gsf klg # j6f
ljsNk pNn]v u/L To; kl5 dfq ;+u7gsf] clGtd 9fFrf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] x'G5 .
h;nfO{ tnsf] rf6{af6 k|i6 kfl/G5 .
 ;fdflhs–k|fljlws ;"rgf k|0ffnL
(A Socio-technical perspective on information system)
^= Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] eljZo (Future of MIS) :
;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] kl/jt{gsf] b/ af/] cfh cg'dfg ug{ sl7g 5 . o;sf ;fwg,
k|ljlw / ;~rfng k|lqmof cflbdf lg/Gt/ cfd"n kl/jt{g eO /x]sf 5g\ . s[lif,
pBf]u, lzIff, ljQLo, cfly{s, :jf:Yo, dgf]/~hg, ko{6g, h:tf If]qdf x'b} uPsf]
cfw'lgs ljsf; qmd / o;sf] Joj:yfkg / ;~rfngsf] nflu ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf]
dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf al9/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] eljZonfO{ lgDg If]qdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] u/L lgDg
cg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M
!_ u|fdL0f ;d'bfosf] Joj:yfkg / pTyfg ug{ .
@_ k|s[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd k|of]u / kl/rfng ug{ .
#_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] clws k|of]u / kl/rfng u/L hgtfsf] cfly{s kx'Fr
a9fpg .
$_ a9\bf] hg;+Vof lar ;fdflhs ;~hfn ljsf; u/L ljZjdf ePsf] kl/jt{gsf]
kx'Fr a9fpg .
%_ ;fdfGo cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs :t/ ePsf JolQmsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs
kx'Fr a9fpg tyf ;fdflhs Gofo k|bfg ug{ .
^_ 7"nf] ;+Vofdf Ps} k6s z}lIfs ;"rgfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{ .
&_ k|ljlwsf] ;xof]un] JolQmsf] hLjg :t/ a9fpg .
*_ JolQmsf] k|ltef k|ikm'6g ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg .
(_ JolQmsf] km';{bsf] ;do ;xL 9+un] ;b'kof]u ug{ .
!)_ ljZj g} Pp6f ufpF xf] eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fO{ ljZjnfO{ ;xh ;fdflhs
tyf ;"rgf ;~hfndf afFWg .
!!_ b]zsf] of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg .
&= ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] r'gf}tLx? (The Challenges of Information
System) :
;"rgf k|0ffnLsf s]xL r'gf}tL tyf d'4fx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnLsf] kl/j]zsf] cfwf/df /xL lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M
!_ ;fGble{stf (Relevancy)
• ;+sng ul/Psf tYof+sn] k|of]ustf{sf] cfjZostfnfO{ k'/fug]{ x'g'kb{5 .
• k|of]u x''g ;Sg] dfq tYof+s ;+sng ug'{ k5{ .
• tYof+s ;+sng d'n'ssf] kl/j]z, gLlt, sfo{qmd / cGt/f{li6«o k|ltj4tfsf]
cfwf/df 5gf}6 x'g'kb{5 .
• tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ ;do / :yfg lglZrt x'g' kb{5 .
• cfjZos tYof+s dfq ;+sng ul/g' kb{5 .
@_ u'0f:t/ (Quality)
• lzIfsx?sf] b/aGbL sfod /fVg lst]{ egf{ ;+Vof a9fpg] .
• ljBfnosf] tYof+snfO{ ;'/lIft g/fVg], k|of]u gug]{ .
• tYof+s kmf/fd eg]{ cfjZos tflndsf] cefj x'g] .
• lghL ljBfnoaf6 sd} dfqdf kmf/fd eg]{ .
• tYof+s bf]xf]/f] k|jfx x'g] .
• tYof+s ;+sng / k|of]udf Hofb} sd k|fyldstf lbOg] .
• tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ / eg]{ sfo{df uNtL b]lvg] .
• bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj
• sdhf]/ tYof+s Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf
• tYof+ssf] dxTjsf] af/]df sd hfgsf/L x'g] .
#_ ;do ;Gbe{ (Timeliness)
• tYof+s ;dodf ;+sng u/L geg]{
• ;+slnt tYof+s ;dodf ;DalGwt lgsfodf k]z gug]{ .
• tYof+s k|sfzgdf l9nfO x'g] .
$_ bf]xf]kg (Duplication)
• ljBfnodf tYof+s ;+sngstf{sf] cf]O/f] .
• ljleGg lgsfo4f/f Ps} k|sf/sf] tYof+s ;+sng
• ljleGg lgsfo4f/f ;+alnt tYof+sdf Ps?ktfsf] cefj
• Ps} lgsfo leq klg ljleGg zfvf4f/f Ps?ktfsf] cefj
%_ k|0ffnLsf] cefj (Timeliness)
• lglZrt l;i6dsf] cefj eO JolQmut ?lr / k4tLdf tYof+s ;+sng .
• 8f6f 5 t/ sxfF 5 / s;/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 < eGg] lglZrt l;i6dsf] cefj .
• ;f+u7lgs tj/n] ;"rgf tyf tYof+sx? g/flvg' .
;"rgf k|0ffnLsf s]xL r'gf}tLx?nfO{ cem lgDg cg';f/ a'Fbfut ul/G5 . M
!_ EMIS sf] ;'/Iff – s_ sDKo"6/ efO/; v_ 8f6f ;]So'l/6L
@_ ;'rgfsf] ;+u|x – ;"rgfnfO{ Jojl:yt ?kdf ldnfpg], jlu{s/0f ug]{,
;d"lxs[t ug]{, tflnsfj4 ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? .
#_ sfof{Gjog – ;dfofg';f/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/, ;dofg';f/ ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsg],
d'n'sn] wfGg ;Sg], ;lhn} hgzlQm pknAw x'g] / k|of]ustf{n] ;lhn} ;~rfng
ug{ ;Sg] u/L sfof{Gjogdf r'gf}tL .
$_ d'Nof+sg – k"0f{ ?kdf ljsf; ul/Psf] ;fwg4f/f ;"rgfsf] ;+sng, k|zf]wg
tyf k|sfzg ul/Psf 5 5}g < tYof+ssf] k|zf]wgdf Ps?ktf ;fy} ljZj;gLotf
5 5}g elg ;xL d'Nof+sgdf r'gf}tL .
%_ EMIS sf] eljZo – EMIS sf] eljio s:tf] 5 < eljZodf s]s:tf
kl/jt{g tyf ljsf; x'g ;S5g\ < kl/jt{gsf] k|s[lt s:tf] x'G5 < ef}lts
k|ljlwdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g cg';f/ hgzlQmsf] k|fKotf x'G5 x'Gg < cflbdf r'gf}tL .
^_ pRr:t/sf] ;xof]u – EMIS sf] pRr:t/Lo Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;xof]usf]
cfjZostf kb{5 . o;sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog ljgf pRr txsf Joj:yfkgsf] ;xof]u
k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . ljleGg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] af/]df Joj:yfksn] kTof/ gug]{ cj:yf x'g
;S5 To;sf] ;b}j rf;f] /fVg'kb{5 . of] klg EIMS sf] dxTjk"0f{ r'gf}tL xf] .
&_ EIMS sf] cj/f]w af/] hfgsf/L /fVg] – o; cGtu{t lgDg s'/fx?sf] Vofn
ug'{k5{ M
s_ ljleGg kbsf cfwf/df k|fljlws bjfj cfpg ;S5 .
v_ cbIf ;~rfnsn] cx+tfsf] ;fy sfo{ ug{ ;S5 .
u_ cfw'lgs sDKo'6/ rnfpg k|fljlws 1fgsf] cefj ;d:ofhgs x'g ;S5 .
3_ Joj:yfkx?n] k|fljlws JolQmnfO{ dfq lhDd]jf/ kG5fpg] x'g ;S5 .
ª_ ;dosf] kfjGbLleq /xg'kg]{ x'G5 .
r_ gofF ;"rgf k|jfx / k4tLn] ;'kl/j]Ifs / sfdbf/ aLrsf] ;DaGwdf kl/jt{g
Nofpg ;S5 .
5_ ljleGg ;DalGwt JolQmsf aLr cgf}krfl/s sfo{n] ;DaGw 6''6\g] jf kl/jt{g x'g]
l:ylt cfpg ;S5 .
*= ;"rgfsf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u4f/f z}lIfs u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ (Improving
Educational quality through better use of Information
;"rgfsf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ ;s] z}lIfs u'0f:t/df j[l4 x'G5 .
;"rgfsf] s]Gb|Lo e"ldsf x'g] s'/fnfO{ Vofn ug]{ xf] eg] ;"rgf ;DaGwL k|z:t
1fg, ;Lk / Ifdtfn] klg z}lIfs :t/df j[l4 ub{5 .
DW Champman sf cg';f/ z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ljsf;df ;"rgfsf] k|of]unfO{
lgDg $ l;4fGtsf] cfwf/ atfPsf 5g\ M
i) Providing data that are used directly to secure or allocate
resources.
ii) Constraining bad decisions.
iii) Detecting inefficient resource use.
iv) Supporting mechanism that offset the impact of resource
loss.
:t/Lo hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ lzIff cfjZos 5 . pko'Qm Pj+ :t/Lo lzIffsf]
nflu ;d;fdoLs ;"rgf cfjZos x'G5 . ljZjdf ePsf] gljgtd\ k|ljlwsf]
k|of]uaf6 :t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;"rgfsf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u4f/f z}lIfs
u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ o;/L k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 M
➢ z}lIfs nfugLsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u / kl/rfng ug{ .
➢ z}lIfs k|lqmofsf] ;d"lrt k|of]u / kl/rfng ug{ .
➢ z}lIfs pTkfbg a9fpg ;d"lrt ?kdf z}lIfs ;+oGqsf] ;d"lrt k|of]u /
kl/rfng ug{ .
➢ lzIffsf] nIo / p2]Zox? kl/k"lt{ ug{ .
➢ ljZjdf cfPsf gljgtd\ lzIf0f ;fdu|L, lzIf0f ljlw tyf d"Nof+sg
k|lqmofnfO{ lzIf0f l;sfOdf leq\ofpg .
➢ ;fdflhs d"No dfGotf / ;+:sf/nfO{ Vofn u/L ;fdflhs cfjZostf cg'?k
z}lIfs :t/nfO{ ;do ;fk]If agfpg .
➢ lzIffnfO{ ;]jfd"ns, k];fd"ns, Joj;fod"ns / /f]huf/d"ns agfpg .
➢ ;"rgfsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u u/L z}lIfs nfufgLsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u / kl/rfng
u/L z}lIfs IftL Go"g ug{ .
➢ z}lIfs ;+:yfdf /x]sf] ljleGg JolQmx?sf] d"Nof+sg k|efjsf/L agfpg /
pTk|]/0ff k|bfg ug{ .
➢ lg0f{o k|lqmof, ;~rf/ k|lqmof, ;'k/Lj]If0f, ;dGjo :yfkLt u/L :t/Lo
lzIffsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ .
➢ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg u/L lzIf0f l;sfO sfof{df pTk|]/Lt ug{ .
➢ ljBfyL{sf] dgf]efjgf a'em]/ pgLx?sf] k|ltef k|ikm'6g ug{ ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{
;d'lrt k|of]u / kl/rfng ug{ .
➢ z}lIfs ;+:yfdf /x]sf JolQm tyf ;d"xsf] :t/ j[l4 ug{ .
(= dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkgdf ;"rgf k4ltsf] c;/ jf k|efj (Impact of
Information system on HRM)
;"rgf k4tLsf] c;/nfO{ k|i6 kfg{ o;sf] lgDg cg';f/sf] p2]Zosf] af/]df :ki6
x'g' kb{5 M
;"rgf k4tLsf] c;/nfO{ a'em\g o;sf] dxTjnfO{ lgDg cg';f/ pNn]v ul/G5 .
;"rgf k4tLsf]] dxTjnfO{ cem lgDg cg';f/ a'Fbfut ul/G5 .
!_ pbf/jfb / ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] dfGotfsf] cfwf/df ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ .
@_ ljleGg ;+3;+:yfdf ePsf] hl6ntf cg';f/ sfo{ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg .
#_ ;dodf lgoldt ljj]sk"0f{ Pj+ k|efjsf/L lg0f{o ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg .
$_ ;dodf lg0f{ostf{nfO{ cfjZos ;xL ;"rgf ;Dk|i] f0f ug{ .
%_ Joj:yfksLo sfo{x? ;~rfng ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg .
^_ ljleGg k|0ffnL / pkk|0ffnLsf] k|efjsf/L ;~rfng ug{ .
&_ cTofw'lgs ljsf;, cg';Gwfg, kl/jt{gsf] af]w u/fpg / ;dfof]hg ug{ .
*_ ;dosf] ;xL ;b'kof]u ug{
(_ 4M - Money, Materials, Men, Machine h:tf k/Dk/fut ;|ft] sf]
;fy} cGo ;|ft] sf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u / kl/rfng ug{ .
!)_ s'g} klg ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf / ljsf;df cfjZos sfo{ ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg .
Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg sfo{x? dWo] dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkg Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sfo{
xf] . h;df Jo:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 . Joj:yfksLo
sfo{nfO{ ;/n t'Nofpg, Jojl:yt ug{, ;+ul7t ug{, ljlzi6 agfpg, k|efjsf/L
agfpg cflb sfo{df MIS sf] Hofb} 7"nf] e'ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 .
;"rgf tYo, ;To, e/kbf]{ Pj+ ljZjf;gLo ePdf ;"rgfsf] nflu lbg'kg]{ ;dosf]
art x'G5 . ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf nfUg] vr{ / hgzlQmsf] art x'G5 . cfZos k/]sf]
a]nf ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 h;af6 sltko lg0f{o lng ;lhnf] / rfF8f] x'G5 .
s'g} klg ;+:yfsf] nIo p2]Zosf] kl/k"lt{df dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkg Hofb}
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . h;sf] nflu MIS n] ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 . ;+u7gdf ;fd"lxs
efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fO{ p2]Zo k|flKt tkm{ ;fd"lxs k|ltj4tf sf] nflu o;n]
;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .
ljleGg ;d:of pk/ zL3| lg0f{o lng, ;d;fdlos lg0f{o ug{, of]hgf agfpg,
;+u7gfTds ultljlwnfO{ ;~rfng ug{ gofF k|ljlw / k4tLsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg
klg MIS sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 .
;dfKt