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Applied Mechanical Engineering (Basic Thermo) I. Problem Solving

1. The internal energy of the blender and its contents increased by 24 kJ after blending for 5 minutes. 2. The power required from the gas burner to heat a salt solution from 200 kJ/kg to 250 kJ/kg in 15 minutes was 298 W. 3. The power developed by a hydraulic turbine with a water flow rate of 18,000 m3/hr and a 5m change in elevation was 472.8 kW.

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143 views4 pages

Applied Mechanical Engineering (Basic Thermo) I. Problem Solving

1. The internal energy of the blender and its contents increased by 24 kJ after blending for 5 minutes. 2. The power required from the gas burner to heat a salt solution from 200 kJ/kg to 250 kJ/kg in 15 minutes was 298 W. 3. The power developed by a hydraulic turbine with a water flow rate of 18,000 m3/hr and a 5m change in elevation was 472.8 kW.

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asapamore
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APPLIED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

(Basic Thermo)
I. PROBLEM SOLVING
1. An electric blender is used to grind soaked soya beans. The blender runs for 5minutes and the power
consumption is 100w. The rate of heat loss from the blender is 20w. Determine the change in internal
energy of the blender along with its content.
a) 36 KJ b) 24 c) 42 d) 2.4

An electric blender

From energy balance


Initial + energy - energy = final
Energy entering leaving energy

U1 + W – QL = U2U1 + 30 – 6 = U2

On simplification, U2 – U1 = 24 kJ
The internal energy has increased by 24 kJ

2. In an external set – up, 5 kg of salt solution is heated in glass vessel by a gas burner. An electric stirrer is
used to ensure uniform heating of the solution. The internal energy of the solution is to be increased from
200kJ/kg to 250 KJ/kg in 15 minutes. The power consumption of the stirrer is 30w. The rate of heat loss
from the vessel is 50w. Determine the power of the gas burner required.
a) 298W b) 829 c) 289 d) 928

Heating of salt solution

Solution:
U1 = m x u1 = 5 x 200 = 1000 KJ U2 = m x u2 = 5 x 250 = 1250 KJ
W = 30 x 900 = 27,000 J = 27 KJ
QL = 50 x 900 = 45,000 J = 45 KJ

From energy balance,


Initial + energy - energy = final
Energy entering leaving energy

U1 + W – QL = U21000 + 27 + QS – 45 = 1250

On simplification, QS = 268 KJ QS = Q / time = 268 / 900 = 0.298 KW = 298 W

The power of the gas burner is 298W


3. The velocity of the water at the entrance and the exit of a hydraulic turbine are 10 m/s and 3 m/s
respectively. The change in enthalpy of the water is negligible. The entrance is 5m above the exit. If the
flow rate of water is 18,000 m3/hr. Determine the power developed by the turbine.
a) 734 KW b) 473 c) 374 d) 347

Flow through a hydraulic turbine

Solution:
Mass flow rate = V x water density
= 5 x 1000
= 5000 kg/s
The energy balance under steady state is

5000 (9.81 x 5 + 102/2) = 5000 (0 + 32/2) + W


On simplification, W = 472,800 J/s or W
= 472.8 KW

4. A rotary air is required to deliver 900 kg of air per hour. The enthalpy of the air at inlet and exit of the
compressor are 300 KJ/kg and 500 KJ/kg respectively. The air velocity at the entrance and exit are 10 m/s
and 15 m/s respectively. The rate of heat loss from the compressor is 2500 W. Determine the power
required to drive the compressor.
a) 53KW b) 35 c) 5.3 d) 3.5
Data: m = 900/3600 = 0.25 kg/s
h1 = 300 kJ/kg; h2 = 500 kJ/kg
C1 = 10 m/s C2 = 15 m/s
QL = 2500 W = 2.5 kW W=?

Air flow through a rotary air compressor


Solution:
The energy balance under steady state is

Neglecting the changes in P.E. since it is negligible

The kinetic energy terms are


Vel12/2 = 102/2 = 50 J = 0.05 KJ
Vel22/2 = 152/2 = 112.5 J = 0.1125 KJ
On substitution,
0.25(300 + 0.05) + W = 0.25(500 + 0.1125) + 2.5
W = 52.5 KW
5. In a turbo-jet engine the momentum of the gases leaving the nozzle produces the propulsive force. The
enthalpy and velocity of the gases at the nozzle entrance are 1200 kJ/kg and 200 m/s respectively. The
enthalpy of the gas at exit is 900 KJ/kg. If the hear loss from the nozzle is negligible. Determine the
velocity of the gas jet at exit from the nozzle.
a) 201 m/s b) 800 c) 20.1 d) 80

Data: h1 = 1200 KJ/kg = 1200 x 103 J/kg


h2 = 900 KJ/kg = 900 x 103 J/kg
C1 = 200 m/s C2 = ?

Gas flow
through a nozzle

Solution:
The energy balance under steady state is

There are no changes in P.E. since the nozzle is horizontal

or

= 800 m/s

6. In Problem #5, if the diameter of the nozzle at


exit is 500 mm. The gas density at the nozzle inlet and exit are 0.81 kg/m 3 and 0.39 kg/m3 respectively.
Determine the diameter of the nozzle at inlet.
a) 694 mm b) 649 c) 946 d) 469
Data: A1 = 0.7854(0.5)2 = 0.196 m2
ρ1 = 0.81 kg/m3
ρ2 = 0.39 kg/m3
d1 = ?
Solution:
Mass flow rate at exit,
m = A2 Vel2 ρ2 = 0.196(800)(0.39) = 61.2 kg/s

From the mass balance,


m = A1 Vel1 ρ1 = A2 Vel2 ρ2

On substitution, A1 x 200 x 0.81 = 61.2


On simplification, A1 = 0.378 m2 d1 = 0.694 m = 694 mm

7. A rotary compressor draws 1,000 kg/hr of atmospheric air and delivers it at a higher pressure. The specific
enthalpy of air at inlet is 300 KJ/kg and that at the exit is 500 KJ/kg. The heat loss from the compressor
casing is 500 W. Neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential energy; determine the power required to
drive the compressor.
a) 56.1KW b) 53.3 c) 33.5 d) 5.53
2 2
Recall: m[(u1 + p1v1) + gZ1 + v1 /2] + WP = m[(u2 + p2v2) + gZ2 + v2 /2] + Q
m[(h1 + gZ1 + v12/2] + WC = m[(h2 + gZ2 + v22/2] + Q
m[(h1 + 0 + 0] + WC = m[(h2 + 0 + 0] + Q
WC = m(h2 – h1) + Q = (1,000/3,600)kg/s[500 – 300]KJ/kg + 0.5KW
= 55.56 + 0.5 = 56.06KW

8. In a turbine high temperature gas with a specific enthalpy of 2,000 KJ/kg flows continuously into the
turbine, turns the rotor and leaves the turbine with a specific enthalpy of 550 KJ/kg. The heat loss through
the turbine casing is 150 KJ/kg. Neglecting changes in kinetic and potential energy of the gases, find the
turbine work output per kilogram of gas flow.
a) 1300 KJ/kg b) 1109 c) 1090 d) 1009

m[(h1 + gZ1 + v12/2] + Eenter = m[(h2 + gZ2 + v22/2] + E leaving


[(h1 + gZ1 + v12/2] + Eenter = [(h2 + gZ2 + v22/2] + E leaving
[(h1 + 0 + 0] + 0 = [(h2 + 0 + 0] + Wturbine + Qleaving
Wturbine = h1 – h2 – qleaving = 2,000 – 550 – 150 = 1300 KJ/kg

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