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Exercise 1a & 1b Incomplete

This document contains 8 numerical questions regarding the use and interpretation of vernier calipers and other measurement tools: 1) The questions involve calculating least counts, measuring lengths and diameters, and determining zero errors based on the position of the vernier and main scales. 2) Multiple questions provide the specifics of a vernier caliper such as the number of divisions and how many vernier divisions equal a certain number of main scale divisions. 3) Based on this information, the questions require calculating things like least count, observing readings on the scales to determine a measurement, and factoring in any zero error to find the correct measurement.

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Srijita Sinha
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
71 views6 pages

Exercise 1a & 1b Incomplete

This document contains 8 numerical questions regarding the use and interpretation of vernier calipers and other measurement tools: 1) The questions involve calculating least counts, measuring lengths and diameters, and determining zero errors based on the position of the vernier and main scales. 2) Multiple questions provide the specifics of a vernier caliper such as the number of divisions and how many vernier divisions equal a certain number of main scale divisions. 3) Based on this information, the questions require calculating things like least count, observing readings on the scales to determine a measurement, and factoring in any zero error to find the correct measurement.

Uploaded by

Srijita Sinha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise 1 A

Question 1 (Num)

The wavelength of light of a particular colour is 5800 Å. (a) Express it in (i)


nanometre and (ii) metre. (b) What is its order of magnitude in metre?

Wavelength of light of particular colour = 5800  


(a)

(i) 1  = 10-1 nm

 5800  = 5800 × 10-1 nm = 580 nm


 

(ii) 1  = 10-10 m

 5800  = 5800 × 10-10 m = 5.8 × 10-7 m

(b) The order of its magnitude in metre is 10-6 m because the numerical value of 5.8 is more than
3.2.

Question 2 (Num)

The size of bacteria is 1 µ. Find the number of bacteria present in 1 m length.

Size of a bacteria = 1 µ
Since 1 µ = 10-6 m
 Number of the particle = Total length ÷ size of one bacteria
 = 1 m ÷ 10-6 m = 106

Question 3 (Num)

The distance of a galaxy is 5·6 × 1025 m.


Assuming the speed of light to be 3 × 10 8 m s ". (i) Find the time taken by light
to travel this distance and (ii) express its order of magnitude.
[Hint : Time taken = distance/speed]

Distance of galaxy = 5.6 × 1025 m


Speed of light = 3 × 108 m/s
 
(a) Time taken by light = Distance travelled ÷ speed of light
 = (5.6 × 1025 ÷ 3 × 108) s = 1.87 × 1017 s
 
(b) Order of magnitude = 100 × 1017 s = 1017 s
(This is because the numerical value of 1.87 is less than the numerical value 3.2)
Question 4 (Num)

The wavelength of light is 589 nm.What is its wavelength in Å?

1 nm = 10 A°
The wavelength of light is 589 nm = 5890 A°

Question 5 (Num)

The mass of an oxygen atom is 16.00 u. Find its mass in kg.

Mass of Oxygen = 16 u
1 u = 1.66 × 10-27 kg
Mass of Oxygen in kg = 16 × 1.66 × 10-27
= 26.56 × 10-27 = 2.656 × 10-26 kg

Question 6 (Num)

It takes time 8 min for light to reach from the sun to the earth surface. If speed of
light is taken to be 3×108 m s−1, find the distance from the sun to the earth in km.

Time t = 8 min = 480 sec


Speed of light c = 3 × 108 ms−1
Distance = t×c = 480 x 3 × 108 m = 1440 × 108m = 1.44 × 1011 m = 1.44 × 108 km

Question 7 (Num)

The distance of a star from the earth is 8.33 light minutes. What do you mean by
this statement? Express the distance in meter.

The statement 'The distance of a star from the earth is 8.33 light minutes' means that the light
from the star takes 8.33 minutes to reach earth.

Speed of light = 3 x 108 m/s

Distance covered in 1 sec = 3 x 108 m

Time taken = 8.33 min = 8.33 x 60 s

Distance = speed x time = 3 x 108 x 8.33 x 60 m = 1499 x 108 m

= 1500 x 108 m = 1.5 x 1011 m

Exercise 1 B
Question 1 (Num)

A stop watch has 10 divisions graduated between 0 and 5 s mark. What is its
least count?

Least count of any instrument is the smallest value of measurement that can be measured using
this instrument.
The least count of a stop watch is (5-0) ÷ 10 = 0.5 s

Question 2 (Num)

A vernier has 10 divisions and they are equal to 9 divisions of main scale in
length. If the main scale is calibrated in mm what is the least count?

Value of 1 Main Scale Division (MSD) = 1 mm


10 Vernier Scale Division (VSD) = 9 Main Scale Division (MSD)
1 VSD = 9/10 MSD = 0.9 MSD
Least Count = 1 MSD – 1 VSD = 1 – 0.9 MSD = 0.1 MSD
Given 1 MSD = 1 mm
Least Count = 0.1 x 1 mm = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm = 0.0001 m

OR

Value of 1 Main Scale Division (MSD) = 1 mm


10 Vernier Scale Division (VSD) = 9 Main Scale Division (MSD)
Least Count = Value of 1 Main Scale Division ÷ Number of divisions in Vernier Scale
= 1 mm ÷ 10 = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm = 0.0001 m

Question 3 (Num)

A microscope is provided with a main scale graduated with 20 divisions in 1 cm


and a vernier scale with 50 divisions on it of length same as of 49 divisions of
main scale Find the least count of the microscope

Value of 1 Main Scale Division (MSD) = 1/20 cm = 0.05 cm


50 Vernier Scale Division (VSD) = 49 Main Scale Division (MSD)
1 VSD = 49/50 MSD = 0.98 MSD
Least Count = 1 MSD – 1 VSD = 1 – 0.98 MSD = 0.02 MSD
Given 1 MSD = 0.05 cm
Least Count = 0.02 x 0.05 cm = 0.001 cm

Hence, least count of microscope is 0.001 cm.

Question 4 (Num)
A boy uses a vernier callipers to measure the thickness of his pencil. He
measures it to be 1.4 mm. If the zero error of vernier callipers is + 0.02 cm, what
is the correct thickness of pencil?

Correct reading = Observed reading – Zero error with sign

Correct thickness of pencil = measured thickness of his pencil 1.4 mm – correction


Correct thickness of pencil = 1.4 mm – (+ 0.02 cm)
Correct thickness of pencil = 1.4 mm – (+ 0.2 mm)
Correct thickness of pencil = 1.4 mm – 0.2 mm
Correct thickness of pencil = 1.2 mm

Question 5 (Num)

A vernier calliper has its main scale graduated in mm and 10 divisions on its
vernier scale are equal in length to 9 mm. When the two jaws are in contact, the
zero of vernier scale is ahead of zero of main scale and 3rd division of vernier
scale coincides with a main scale division. Find : (a) the least count and (b) the
zero error of the vernier calipers.

Value of 1 Main Scale Division (MSD) = 1 mm


10 Vernier Scale Division (VSD) = 9 Main Scale Division (MSD)

Least Count = Value of 1 Main Scale Division ÷ Number of divisions in Vernier Scale


= 1 mm ÷ 10 = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm

On bringing the jaws together the ZERO of the Vernier Scale is ahead of ZERO of the Main
Scale, so it is a positive error
3rd Vernier division coincides with a Main Scale division
Total number of Vernier divisions = 10
Positive zero error = Coinciding division x Least count
= + 3 x 0.01 cm = + 0.03 cm

Question 6 (Num)

The main scale of a vernier callipers is calibrated in mm and 19 divisions of main


scale are equal in length to 20 divisions of vernier scale. In measuring the diameter
of a cylinder by this instrument, the main scale reads 35 divisions and 4th division
of vernier scale coinsides with a main scale division. Find:
(i) Least count
(ii) Radius of cylinder.

Given that:
Value of 1 MSD = 1 mm = 0.1 cm & 20 Vernier Scale Divisions = 19 Main Scale Divisions
(i)
Least Count = Value of 1 MSD ÷ Number of divisions of the Vernier Scale
= 1 ÷ 20 mm = 0.05 mm = 0.005 cm
(ii)
Given that:

Main scale reading = 35 mm = 3.5 cm


Since 4th division of the Vernier Scale coincides with the Main Scale, i.e. p = 4
Therefore, the Vernier scale reading = 4 × 0.005 cm = 0.02 cm
Total reading = Main Scale reading + Vernier Scale reading
 = (3.5 + 0.02) cm = 3.52 cm
Radius of the Cylinder = Total reading (Diameter reading) ÷ 2
 = (3.52 ÷ 2) cm = 1.76 cm
Radius of the cylinder = 1.76 cm

Question 7 (Num)

In a vernier callipers, there are 10 divisions on the vernier scale and 1 cm on the
main scale is divided in 10 parts. While measuring a length, the zero of the
vernier lies just ahead of 1.8 cm mark and 4 th division of vernier coincides with a
main scale division.

(a) find the length.


(b) if zero error of vernier callipers is -0.02 cm, what is the correct length.

(i)
Least Count = Value of 1 MSD ÷ Number of divisions of the Vernier Scale
= 1/10 ÷ 10 cm = 0.01 cm

Main Scale reading = 1.8 cm


Since 4th division of the Vernier Scale coincides with the Main Scale, i.e. p = 4
Therefore, the Vernier scale reading = 4 × 0.01 cm = 0.04 cm
Total reading = Main Scale reading + Vernier Scale reading
 = (1.8 + 0.04) cm = 1.84 cm

(ii)
Correct reading = Observed reading – Zero error with sign

Observed reading = 1.84 cm


Zero error = -0.02 cm
Correct reading = 1.84 – (-0.02) cm = 1.86 cm

Question 8 (Num)

While measuring the length of a rod with a vernier calipers, given figure shows
the position of its scales. What is the length of the rod?
From the figure, 0 of Vernier callipers has gone past 3 + 0.3 =3.3 cm of main scale. Also, 6 th
division line of Vernier scale matches with line of main scale. So, total reading is 3.3 + 6 × 0.01 =
3.36 cm

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