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Mensuration Formula

A trapezium is a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides. The area of a trapezium is calculated as h(a+b)/2, where h is the height and a and b are the lengths of the two parallel sides. An isosceles trapezium has two pairs of equal sides, and its area formula is the same as a regular trapezium. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel. Its area is calculated as bh, where b is the base and h is the height. A rhombus is a parallelogram with all four sides of equal length.

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128 views2 pages

Mensuration Formula

A trapezium is a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides. The area of a trapezium is calculated as h(a+b)/2, where h is the height and a and b are the lengths of the two parallel sides. An isosceles trapezium has two pairs of equal sides, and its area formula is the same as a regular trapezium. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel. Its area is calculated as bh, where b is the base and h is the height. A rhombus is a parallelogram with all four sides of equal length.

Uploaded by

Srijita Sinha
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Trapezium

A trapezium is a quadrilateral wherein one pair of the opposite sides are parallel while the other isn’t.

Suppose if ABCD is a trapezium, so we say that AB||CD but yes AD and BC are not parallel. The trapezium is
basically a triangle with the top sliced off. A trapezium that has equal non-parallel sides and equal base angles is
an isosceles trapezium which we will see further.

The parallel sides of this quadrilateral are the base and to calculate the height you need to draw a perpendicular
from one parallel side to other.

Area of a Trapezium =  h (a+b)2

Isosceles Trapezium

A trapezium with a line of symmetry dividing it. Both the parts of the trapezium look like mirror images of each
other. The area of an isosceles trapezium is,

Area of Isosceles Trapezium = h (a+b)2

Parallelogram

What does a parallelogram mean? Parallel lines are the two lines that never meet and a parallelogram is a
slanted rectangle with the length of the opposite sides being equal just like a rectangle. Because of the parallel
lines, opposite sides are equal and parallel. Suppose if every pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is equal,
then it becomes a parallelogram.

Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. So, when the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other, it
divides it into two congruent triangles. In a parallelogram, the angles are not right angles. The sum of the angles
of a parallelogram is 360°.

Area of Parallelogram= b×h


Properties of Parallelogram

 Opposite sides are congruent, AB = DC


 Opposite angles are congruent D = B

 If one angle is right, then all angles are right.

 The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Rhombus

A rhombus is a quadrilateral which means it has four sides. So, just like a square with congruent or equal sides.
The opposite sides of the rhombus are parallel to each other and its angles are congruent to each other. In a
rhombus the diagonals are perpendicular and they bisect each other at right angles and cut each other in half.

Properties of Rhombus

As the internal angles do not form a 90-degree angle. So a rhombus is also called as a slanted square. Sum of the
adjacent sides of any rhombus is equal to 180 degrees. The area of rhombus can be calculated using 2
different formulae

 Using the base and height

     Area of Rhombus= b×h

 Using the length of the diagonals,

Area of Rhombus= (d1×d2)2
Perimeter of the rhombus = 2 √(d1² + d2²)

where d1 is the diagonal while d2 is the length of the other diagonal. The formula for finding the perimeter is

P = 4s

where ‘ s ‘ is the length of the side. We can see in the figure, the rhombus has four triangles that are created by
the diagonals. Δ CDA, Δ CBA, Δ DAB and Δ DCB. The rhombus has all the properties of a parallelogram but
all the parallelogram are not the rhombus.

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