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Impact Test of Metal Specimen

The document discusses impact testing of metal specimens. Impact testing determines a material's behavior under shock loading and measures its toughness and ability to absorb energy without breaking. There are different impact test methods, including the Charpy and Izod tests, which use notched specimens struck by a falling pendulum. Factors like temperature, notch geometry, and strain rate affect impact energy results. Impact testing is important for industries like aerospace, automotive, and power generation to evaluate material performance under sudden loading.

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988 views18 pages

Impact Test of Metal Specimen

The document discusses impact testing of metal specimens. Impact testing determines a material's behavior under shock loading and measures its toughness and ability to absorb energy without breaking. There are different impact test methods, including the Charpy and Izod tests, which use notched specimens struck by a falling pendulum. Factors like temperature, notch geometry, and strain rate affect impact energy results. Impact testing is important for industries like aerospace, automotive, and power generation to evaluate material performance under sudden loading.

Uploaded by

mosaddak
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Impact Test of Metal Specimen

Impact Test
• An impact test is a technique used to determining
the behavior of material subjected to shock
loading in bending, tension or torsion
• The impact test is a method for evaluating the
toughness, impact strength and notch sensitivity of
engineering materials.
• It is a destructive test which requires a specially
prepared specimen.
• This test is designed to determine whether the
material is tough or brittle.
Contd’
• Impact resistance is one of the most important
properties for component designers to consider, as
well as the most difficult to quantify.
• Impact resistance is a critical measure of service life
and more importantly, in many applications, it
affects product safety and liability.
Objectives
• To measure Impact energy - the energy required to
break a standard sized sample with a sudden, sharp
load.
• Find Toughness - the impact test is used to find a
material's toughness , it's ability to absorb energy
without breaking.
• To determine the tendency of a material in a brittle
manner .It detects difference between materials
which are not in a tension test.
Application Areas
• Impact testing is required by many industries in
manufacturing products, including steel hull plate
for ships, nuclear plant pressure vessels and
forgings for electric power plant generator rotors.
• Manufacturing industries that use the impact test
include oil and gas, Aerospace, Power generation,
Automotive, Nuclear.
• It is mostly used to test the toughness of metals,
but similar tests are used for polymers, ceramics
and composites.
Factors Affecting Impact Test
• Impact properties can also change when additives,
such as coloring agents, are added to plastics.
• If the dimensions of specimens are maintained as
indicated in standards, notched-bar impact test
results are affected by;
• The lattice type of materials, (Polymer orientation)
• Testing temperature,
• Thermo-mechanical history,
• Chemical composition of materials, etc
Types of materials for impact
testing
Nearly all materials may benefit from impact testing, but
the most common types used are metals, plastics,
woods, composites, ceramics, and polymers. Generally
these materials take the form of sheets of varying
thicknesses or short rods depending on the test.
However, most materials will experience either ductile or
brittle failure depending on the
(1)type of test,
(2)the rate of loading and
(3)the temperature of the sample.
Test Method & Standard Specimen
The most common methods of performing impact
test are -
1. Charpy Test Method .
2. Izod Test Method .

These tests essentially determine the same


characteristics of the material but differs in the
orientation of the test sample
Charpy test Method
• The Charpy impact test, also known as the Charpy V-notch
test, is a standardized high strain-rate test which determines
the amount of energy absorbed by a material during
fracture.
• The specimen is set like a simply supported beam.
Charpy Test Specimens
According to ASTM Standard E 23, “Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact
Testing of Metallic Materials”, Charpy test specimens normally measure 55x10x10mm and
have a notch machined across one of the larger faces.
The notches may be:
• V-notch – A V-shaped notch, 2mm deep, with 45° angle and 0.25mm radius along the base
• U-notch or keyhole notch – A 5mm deep notch with 1mm radius at the base of the notch.

Figure (1) Standard


specimens of
Charpy and Izod
impact energy tests
Factors Affecting Charpy Impact Energy

Factors that affect the Charpy impact energy of a specimen will include:

1- Yield Strength and Ductility: For a given material the impact energy will be seen to decrease

if the yield strength is increased due to the reduction of ductility

2-Notches: The notch serves as a stress concentration zone and some materials are more sensitive

towards notches than others. The notch depth and tip radius are therefore very important.

3- Temperature and Strain Rate: The higher strain rate, the lower impact energy
Izod test Method
• The test piece is a cantilever, clamped upright in an anvil,
with a V notch at the level of the top of the clamp.
• The test piece is hit by a striker carried on a pendulum
which is allowed to fall freely from a fixed height, to give a
blow of 120 ft lb energy.
A B

Figure . A- Brittle and B- ductile fracture under Charpy impact test

The left specimen brittle—looks like it just snapped in half. The


right specimen sample is ductile and bends without breaking into
pieces.
Other main differences between Izod and Charpy
Izod and Charpy tests are similar, but they are different in :

1. Point of Strike : Point at which the hammer strike the specimen is different for both of them. In
Izod test hammer strike at the upper tip of specimen while in Charpy test hammer strike at point of notch
but in opposite direction
2- Direction of Notch: Face of specimen which faces the striker is different. The notch face in the izod test is
facing the striker, fastened in a pendulum, while in the charpy test, the notch face is positioned away from
the striker.
3-Type Of Notch: In hardness testing two types of notches are used V-notch and U-notch. In the Charpy
method, there are two kinds of notches, the V-notch and the U-notch, while in the Izod method, there is V-
notch is used
4-Specimen Dimensions: Even if you are testing the same material the test specimens have different
dimensions for each test. The basic Izod test specimen is 75 x 10 x 10mm, the basic Charpy test specimen is
55 x 10 x 10mm.

CHARPY IZOD TEST


TEST
Calculation
Impact energy= mgH-mgh ;
Where,
m=mass of pendulum.
g=acceleration due to
gravity.=9.81ms-2
The absorb energy in Joule
Unit.
𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
=
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛

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