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Mirpur University of Science and Technology (Must), Mirpur Deparment Software Engineering

This document discusses discrete and continuous systems in modeling and simulation. It defines a discrete system as one where state variables change at discrete points in time, like a bank, while a continuous system changes state variables continuously over time, like water levels behind a dam. It also discusses three levels of models - conceptual, specification, and computational. Finally, it distinguishes between model verification, which checks if the computational model matches its specifications, and validation, which checks if the model sufficiently represents the real system.

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65 views11 pages

Mirpur University of Science and Technology (Must), Mirpur Deparment Software Engineering

This document discusses discrete and continuous systems in modeling and simulation. It defines a discrete system as one where state variables change at discrete points in time, like a bank, while a continuous system changes state variables continuously over time, like water levels behind a dam. It also discusses three levels of models - conceptual, specification, and computational. Finally, it distinguishes between model verification, which checks if the computational model matches its specifications, and validation, which checks if the model sufficiently represents the real system.

Uploaded by

ali
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR

DEPARMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING


Simulation & Modeling

Lecture 3: Discrete and Continues Systems

Engr. Samiullah Khan

Date: 03 May, 2021


Modeling-Recap

• Modeling is the process of producing a model


• A model is a representation of the construction and working of some system of
interest

• A model is similar to but simpler than the system it represents

• One purpose of a model is to enable the analyst to predict the effect of changes
to the system

• On the one hand, a model should be a close approximation to the real system
and incorporate most of its main features

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Model of a System

• To study the system


• It is sometimes possible to experiments with system
• This is not always possible (bank, factory,…)

• A new system may not yet exist

• Model: A conceptual framework that describes a system


• It is necessary to consider those aspects of systems that affect the problem under
investigation (unnecessary details must remove)

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Simulation-Recap

• An important issue in modeling is model validity

• Model validation techniques include:


i. Simulating the model under known input conditions
ii. Comparing model output with system output

• A simulation of a system is the operation of a model of the system

• The model can be reconfigured and experimented with


• Usually, this is impossible, too expensive or impractical to do in the actual system it
represents

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Discrete and Continues Systems

• A discrete system is one in which the state variables change only at a


discrete set of points in time : Bank example

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Discrete and Continues Systems (Contd…)

• A continues system is one in which the state variables change


continuously over time: Head of water behind the dam

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Types of Model

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Three Model Levels

Conceptual
• Very high level
• How comprehensive should the model be?
• What are the state variables, which are dynamic, and which are important?
Specification
• On paper
• May involve equations, pseudocode, etc
• How will the model receive input?
Computational
• A computer program
• General-purpose PL or simulation language?

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Verification vs. Validation

Verification
• Computational model should be consistent with specification
model
• Did we build the model right?
Validation
• Computational model should be consistent with the system
being analyzed
• Did we build the right model?
• Can an expert distinguish simulation output from system
output?
• Interactive graphics can be valuable

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THANKS

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