CO 101

Programming Fundamentals
Lab File

INSTRUCTOR: MS. GULL KAUR

(ASST. PROFESSOR)
DONE BY:
ROLL NO. : 2K20/B11/12
NAME: SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
Problem 1: Program to find sum and average
of two numbers.
ALGORITHM

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input number1, number2
Step 3: Calculate sum = (number1 + number2)
Step 4: avg = sum / 2
Step 5: Print sum and avg of two numbers
Step 6: Stop
FLOWCHART
 PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num1, num2;
int sum=0;
float avg=0.0;
printf(";Enter first number: ");
scanf("%d",&num1);
printf("Enter second number: ");
scanf("%d",&num2);
sum= num1+num2;
avg=(float)(num1+num2)/2;
printf("Sum of %d and %d is: %d \t",num1,num2,sum);
printf("Average of %d and %d is: %.2f\n",num1,num2,avg);
printf("This output belongs to 2K20/B11/12 SAMRIDHI KAPOOR");
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 2:
PROGRAM TO FIND GREATEST OF 10
NUMBERS

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input array a[10] of 10 numbers
Step 3: max=a [0]
Step 4: for each i item in a [10]
if a[i]&gt;max
max=a[i]
Else
Continue to next item
Step 6: print max
Step 7: Stop
FLOWCHART
 PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a[10];
int i;
int greatest;
printf("Enter ten values:");
//Store 10 numbers in an array
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
}
//Assume that a[0] is greatest
greatest = a[0];
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (a[i] > greatest) {
greatest = a[i];
}
}
printf("Greatest of ten numbers is %d", greatest);
printf("This output belongs to 2K20/B11/12 SAMRIDHI KAPOOR");
return 0;}
OUTPUT
 Problem 3: PROGRAM TO FIN SIMPLE
INTEREST

ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input Principal Amount, Rate and Time
Step 3: Calculate Interest using formula SI= ((amount*rate*time)/100)
Step 4: Print Simple Interest
Step 5: Stop
FLOWCHART
 PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int amt,time,rate;
float SI;
printf("Enter principle amount: ");
scanf("%d",&amt);
printf("Enter rate of interest: ");
scanf("%d",&rate);
printf("Enter time period: ");
scanf("%d",&time);
SI=(float)(amt*rate*time)/100;
printf("The simple interest is: %f",SI);
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 4A: PROGRAM TO PRINT THE
FOLLOWING PATTERN

*****

*****

*****

*****

*****

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
{
printf("*");
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 4B: PROGRAM TO PRINT THE
FOLLOWING PATTERN
*

**

***

****

*****

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,j;
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
{
for (j=0; j<=i; j++)
{
printf("*");
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 4C: PROGRAM TO PRINT THE
FOLLWING PATTERN
*

**

***

****

*****

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int i, j;

for(i=1; i<=5; i++)

{
for(j=i; j<5; j++)
{
printf(" ");
}

for(j=1; j<=i; j++)

{
printf("*");
 }

printf("\n");
}
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 4D: PROGRAM TO PRINT THE
FOLLOWING PATTERN

**

***

****

*****

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int s, i, j;

for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++)

{

for(s = i; s < 5; s++)

printf(" ");

for(j = 1; j <= i; j++)

printf("* ");

printf("\n");
}
return 0;
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 4E: PROGRAM TO PRINT THE
FOLLOWING PATTERN

***

*****

*******

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i, j, k = 0;

for (i = 1; i <= 5; ++i, k = 0) {

for (j = 1; j <= 5 - i; ++j) {
printf(" ");
}
while (k != 2 * i - 1) {
printf("* ");
++k;
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 5: PROGRAM TO FIND WHETHER
THE ENTERED NUMBER IS PRIME

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, p = 1;

printf("Enter a number");
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i = 2; i<= sqrt(n); i++) {

printf("%d\t",i);
if (n%i == 0) {
p = 0;
break;
}
}

if(n<=1)
p = 0;
else if (n==2)
p=1;
 if (p == 1) {
printf("%d is a prime number\n", n);
}
else {
printf("%d is not a prime number\n", n);

}
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 6: PROGRAM TO FIND WHETHER
THE ENTERED NUMBER IS EVEN OR ODD

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

if(num % 2 == 0)
printf("%d is even.", num);
else
printf("%d is odd.", num);
printf(“This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12”);
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 7: PROGRAM TO REVERSE THE
DIGITS OF A NUMBER

PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num, reverse, remainder;
printf("Enter an number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
while(num != 0){
remainder = num % 10;
reverse = reverse * 10 + remainder;
num /= 10;
}
printf("The reverse of the given number is %d ", reverse);
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 8: TO FIND GREATEST AND
SMALLEST OF 3 NUMBERS

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num1, num2, num3, largest, smallest;
printf("Enter first number: ");
scanf("%d", &num1);
printf("Enter second number: ");
scanf("%d", &num2);
printf("Enter third number: ");
scanf("%d", &num3);
largest = (num1>num2)?((num1>num3)?num1:num3):
((num2>num3)?num2:num3);
smallest = (num1<num2)?((num1<num3)?num1:num3):
((num2<num3)?num2:num3);
printf("Largest number is %d", largest);
printf("\nSmallest number is %d", smallest);

printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");

return 0;
}

OUTPUT

PROBLEM 9: IF THE GIVEN NUMBER

(INTEGER) IS A PALINDROME OR NOT AND IF
IT IS A PALINDROME THEN FIND IT IS AN
 EVEN LENGTH OR ODD LENGTH
PALINDROME

PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, reverse = 0,remainder, num, count;
printf("Enter the number: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
num = n;
while(n!=0){
remainder=n%10;
reverse = reverse * 10 + remainder;
n = n/10;
}
printf("The reverse number is: %d", reverse);

if(reverse == num){
printf("\nIt is a palindrome number");}

else
printf("\nIt is not a palindrome number");
while(num != 0)
{
 num = num/10;
count = count + 1;

}
printf("\nThe number of digits in the palindrome is %d", count);
if(count % 2 == 0){
printf("\nIt is an even length palindrome");
}
else printf("\nIt is an odd length palindrome");

printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");

return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 10: TO FIND WHETHER THE YEAR
IS LEAP YEAR OR NOT

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int year;
printf("Enter the year: ");
scanf("%d", &year);

if(year%4 == 0){
if(year%100 == 0){
if ( year%400 == 0)
printf("\nThe given year is a leap year");
else
printf("\nThe given year is not a leap year");
}
else
printf("\nThe given year is a leap year");}
else
 printf("\nThe given year is not a leap year");
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 11(A): PROGRAM FOR THE
CONVERSIO OF BINARY NUMBER TO
DECIMAL NUMBER
PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int a[32],sum=0,i=-1;

printf("Enter the binary number from left to right");

printf("(Enter any other character to stop)\n");

do
{
i++;
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}while(a[i]==1||a[i]==0);

printf("your binary number is: ");

int j=0;
while(j<i)
{
printf("%d ",a[j]);
sum=sum+pow(2,i-j-1)*a[j];
j++;
}
printf("\nyour decimal number is: %d",sum);
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 11(B): PROGRAM FOR THE
CONVERSION OF DECIMAL NUMBER TO
BINARY NUMBER

PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[10],n,i;

printf("Enter the decimal number to convert: ");

scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;n>0;i++)
{
a[i]=n%2;
n=n/2;
}
printf("Binary of Given Number is : ");
for(i=i-1;i>=0;i--)
{
printf("%d",a[i]);
}
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 11(C): PROGRAM FOR THE
CONVERSION OF BINARY NUMERS TO
HEXADECIMAL NUMBERS

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int bin_num, hex=0, mul=1, count=1, rem, i=0;
char hex_num[20];
printf("Enter any Binary Number: ");
scanf("%d", &bin_num);
while(bin_num!=0)
{
rem = bin_num%10;
hex = hex + (rem*mul);
if(count%4==0)
{
if(hex<10)
hex_num[i] = hex+48;
 else
hex_num[i] = hex+55;
mul = 1;
hex = 0;
count = 1;
i++;
}
else
{
mul = mul*2;
count++;
}
bin_num = bin_num/10;
}
if(count!=1)
hex_num[i] = hex+48;
if(count==1)
i--;
printf("\nEquivalent Hexadecimal Value = ");
for(i=i; i>=0; i--)
printf("%c", hex_num[i]);
getch();
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
 return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 11(D): PROGRAM FOT THE
CONVERSION OF HEXADECIMAL NUMBER TO
BINARY NUMBER

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=0;
char hexdec[11];
printf("Enter Hexadecimal Number: ");
gets(hexdec);
printf("\nEquivalent Binary Value = ");
while(hexdec[i])
{
switch(hexdec[i])
{
case '0':
printf("0000");
break;
case '1':
 printf("0001");
break;
case '2':
printf("0010");
break;
case '3':
printf("0011");
break;
case '4':
printf("0100");
break;
case '5':
printf("0101");
break;
case '6':
printf("0110");
break;
case '7':
printf("0111");
break;
case '8':
printf("1000");
break;
case '9':
 printf("1001");
break;
case 'A':
printf("1010");
break;
case 'a':
printf("1010");
break;
case 'B':
printf("1011");
break;
case 'b':
printf("1011");
break;
case 'C':
printf("1100");
break;
case 'c':
printf("1100");
break;
case 'D':
printf("1101");
break;
case 'd':
 printf("1101");
break;
case 'E':
printf("1110");
break;
case 'e':
printf("1110");
break;
case 'F':
printf("1111");
break;
case 'f':
printf("1111");
break;
default:
printf("--Invalid Hex Digit (%c)--", hexdec[i]);
}
i++;
}
getch();
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}X
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 11(E): PROGRAM FOR THE
CONVERSION OF BINARY NUMBERS TO
OCTAL NUMBERS

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int bin, oct=0, i=0, mul=1, count=1, rem, octnum[20];
printf("Enter any Binary Number: ");
scanf("%d", &bin);
while(bin!=0)
{
rem = bin%10;
oct = oct + (rem*mul);
if(count%3==0)
{
octnum[i] = oct;
mul = 1;
oct = 0;
 count = 1;
i++;
}
else
{
mul = mul*2;
count++;
}
bin = bin/10;
}
if(count!=1)
octnum[i] = oct;
printf("\nEquivalent Octal Value = ");
for(i=i; i>=0; i--)
printf("%d", octnum[i]);
getch();
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
PROBLEM 11(F): PROGRAM FOR THE
CONVERSION OF OCTAL NUMBER TO
BINARY NUMBER

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int octnum, rev=0, rem;
printf("Enter any Octal Number: ");
scanf("%d", &octnum);
while(octnum!=0)
{
rem = octnum%10;
rev = (rev*10) + rem;
octnum = octnum/10;
}
octnum = rev;
printf("\nEquivalent Binary value = ");
while(octnum!=0)
{
 rem = octnum%10;
switch(rem)
{
case 0: printf("000");
break;
case 1: printf("001");
break;
case 2: printf("010");
break;
case 3: printf("011");
break;
case 4: printf("100");
break;
case 5: printf("101");
break;
case 6: printf("110");
break;
case 7: printf("111");
break;
default: printf(" InvalidOctalDigit(%d) ", rem);
break;
}
octnum = octnum/10;
}
 getch();
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 11(G): PROGRAM FOR
CONVERSION OF SIGNED BINARY TO
DECIMAL

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int a[32],sum=0;
printf("Enter the binary number\n");
int i=-1;
do
{
i++;
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
} while (a[i]==1||a[i]==0);
i--;
printf("you binary number is:");
int j=0;
while(j<=i)
{
printf("%d",a[j]);
j++;
}
if(a[0]==1)
{
while(i>=0)
{
if(a[i]==1)
break;
i--;
}
i--;
while(i>=0)
{
if(a[i]==0)
a[i]=1;
else
a[i]=0;
i--;
}

for(i=0;i<j;i++)
{
sum+=a[i]*pow(2,j-i-1);
}
sum*=-1;
printf("\nthe decimal conversion is:%d",sum);
}
else
{
j=0;
while(j<=i)
{
sum+=a[j]*pow(2,i-j);
j++;
}
printf("\nthe decimal conversion is: %d",sum);
}
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 11(H): PROGRAM FOR
CONVERSION OF SIGNED DECIMAL TO
BINARY

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[32],n;
printf("Enter the decimal number\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Your decimal number is:%d",n);
if(n>=0)
{
int i=-1;
while(n>0)
{
i++;
int rem=n%2;
a[i]=rem;
n=n/2;
}
printf("\nThe binary conversion is:0");
while(i>=0)
{
printf("%d",a[i]);
i--;
}
}
else
{
n*=-1;
int i=-1;
while(n>0)
{
i++;
int rem=n%2;
a[i]=rem;
n=n/2;
}
int j=i;
i=0;
while(i<=j)
{
if(a[i]==1)
break;
i++;
}
while(i<=j)
{
i++;
if(a[i]==1)
a[i]=0;
else
a[i]=1;
}
printf("\nThe binary conversion is:1");
while(j>=0)
{
printf("%d",a[j]);
j--;
}
}
return 0;
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR");
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 12: PROGRAM TO DESIGN A
CALCULATOR TO PERFORM ADDITION,
SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, DIVISION,
POWER

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

void display(float n1, float n2, char ch, float result);

void add(float n1, float n2);
void subtract(float n1, float n2);
void multiply(float n1, float n2);
void divide(float n1, float n2);
void rem(float n1, float n2);
void power(float n1, float n2);

int main()
{
float n1, n2;
int ch;
do{
printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%f %f", &n1, &n2);

printf("\n1.Addition");
printf("\n2.Subtraction");
printf("\n3.Multiplication");
printf("\n4.Division");
printf("\n5.Remainder");
printf("\n6.Power (x^y)");
printf("\n7.Exit");
printf("\nEnter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);

switch (ch) {
case 1:
add(n1,n2);
break;
case 2:
subtract(n1,n2);
break;
case 3:
multiply(n1,n2);
break;
 case 4:
divide(n1,n2);
break;
case 5:
rem(n1,n2);
break;
case 6:
power(n1,n2);
break;
case 7:
printf("Thank You.");
exit(0);
default:
printf("Invalid input.");

}while(1);

return 0;
}

void display(float n1, float n2, char ch, float result)

{
 printf("%.2f %c %.2f = %.2f\n", n1, ch, n2, result);
}

void add(float n1, float n2)

{
float result = n1 + n2;
display(n1, n2, '+', result);
}

void subtract(float n1, float n2)

{
float result = n1 - n2;
display(n1, n2, '-', result);
}

void multiply(float n1, float n2)

{
float result = n1 * n2;
display(n1, n2, '*', result);
}

void divide(float n1, float n2)

{
float result = n1 / n2;
 display(n1, n2, '/', result);
}

void rem(float n1, float n2)

{
int num1 = n1;
int num2 = n2;
int result = num1%num2;
printf("%d %% %d = %d\n", num1, num2, result);
}

void power(float n1, float n2)

{
if(n2<0) printf("Second number should be +ve.");
else
{
float result=1.0;
for(int i=1; i<=n2; i++)
{
result *= n1;
}
display(n1, n2, '^', result);
}
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
 return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 13: CALENDAR PROGRAM TO
DISPLAY THE DAY TO THE INPUT OF
CORRESPONDING DATE MONTH AND YEAR

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

bool leapyear(int y)
{
if(y%100==0)
{
if(y%400==0)
return true;

else
return false;

}
else
{
if(y%4==0)
 return true;
else
return false;
}

}
int main()
{
int i;
int d,m,y;
printf("Enter date: ");
scanf(" %d",&d);
printf("Enter month: ");
scanf(" %d", &m);
printf("Enter year: ");
scanf(" %d", &y);
if(d==1 && m==1 && y==1900)
printf("Monday \n");
int nofdays=0;

for(i=1900;i<y;i++)
{
int t=leapyear(i);
 if(t==1)
nofdays=nofdays+366;
else
nofdays=nofdays+365;

}
int u=leapyear(y);

for(i=1;i<m;i++)
{

switch(i)
{
case 1:
nofdays=nofdays+31;
break;
case 2:
if(u==1)
nofdays=nofdays+29;
else
nofdays=nofdays+28;
break;
case 3:
nofdays=nofdays+31;
break;
case 4:
nofdays=nofdays+30;
break;
case 5:
nofdays=nofdays+31;
break;
case 6:
nofdays=nofdays+30;
break;
case 7:
nofdays=nofdays+31;
break;
case 8:
nofdays=nofdays+31;
break;
case 9:
nofdays=nofdays+30;
break;
case 10:
nofdays=nofdays+31;
break;
case 11:
nofdays=nofdays+30;
 break;
case 12:
nofdays=nofdays+31;
break;
}

}
for(i=1;i<d;i++)
{
nofdays=nofdays+1;

int rem=nofdays%7;
switch(rem)
{
case 0:
printf("Monday \n");
break;
case 1:
printf("Tuesday \n");
break;
case 2:
printf("Wednesday \n");
 break;
case 3:
printf("Thursday \n");
break;
case 4:
printf("Friday \n");
break;
case 5:
printf("Saturday \n");
break;
case 6:
printf("Sunday \n");
break;

}
printf("\n This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12 ");
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 14: LINEAR SEARCH PROGRAM

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int array[100], search, c, n;

printf("Enter number of elements in array\n");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d integer(s)\n", n);

for (c = 0; c < n; c++)

scanf("%d", &array[c]);

printf("Enter a number to search\n");

scanf("%d", &search);

for (c = 0; c < n; c++)

{
if (array[c] == search)
{
 printf("%d is present at location %d.\n", search, c+1);
break;
}
}
if (c == n)
printf("%d isn't present in the array.\n", search);
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 15: BINARY SEARCH PROGRAM

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int c, first, last, middle, n, search, array[100];

printf("Enter number of elements\n");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);

for (c = 0; c < n; c++)

scanf("%d", &array[c]);

printf("Enter value to find\n");

scanf("%d", &search);

first = 0;
last = n - 1;
middle = (first+last)/2;
 while (first <= last) {
if (array[middle] < search)
first = middle + 1;
else if (array[middle] == search) {
printf("%d found at location %d.\n", search, middle+1);
break;
}
else
last = middle - 1;

middle = (first + last)/2;

}
if (first > last)
printf("Not found! %d isn't present in the list.\n", search);
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");

return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 16: TO FIND THE FACTORIAL OF A
NUMBER USING RECURSION

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
long int multiplyNumbers(int n);
int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Factorial of %d = %ld", n, multiplyNumbers(n));
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

long int multiplyNumbers(int n) {

if (n>=1)
return n*multiplyNumbers(n-1);
else
return 1;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 17: TO FIND THE NTH TERM OF A
FIBONACCI SERIES USING RECURSION

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
int Fibonacci(int n)
{
if (n <= 1)
return n;
return Fibonacci(n - 1) + Fibonacci(n - 2);
}
int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter the n value: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("%d", Fibonacci(n - 1));
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 18: PROGRAM TO SHOW THE
ADDITION OF TWO 3X3 MATRICES

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3][3], b[3][3], add[3][3];
int i, j;
printf("Enter the values of the first matrix");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
}}
printf("Enter the values of the second matrix");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);
}}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{add[i][j]=a[i][j] + b[i][j];
}}
printf("The addition of two matrices is:");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{printf("%d", add[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}}
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 19: PROGRAM TO SHOW
MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 3X3 MATRICES

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a[3][3], b[3][3], c[3][3];
int i, j, k;

printf(" Enter elements of first matrix\n ");

for( i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
{
for( j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
{
scanf(" %d ", &a[i] [j] );
}
}
printf(" Enter elements of second matrix\n ");
for( i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
{
for( j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
 {
scanf(" %d ", &b[i][j]);
}
}

for( i = 0; i < 3; i++ )

{
for( j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
{
c[i][j] = 0;
for( k = 0; k < 3; k++ )
c[i][j] = c[i][j] + a[i][k] * b[k][j];
}
}
printf(" \n\n Multiplication of two matrices is\n ");
for( i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
{
for(j = 0; j < 3; j++ )
printf(" %d ", c[i][j]);
printf(" \n ");
}
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 20: PROGRAM TO SWAP TWO
NUMBERS USING POINTERS
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int x, y, *a, *b, temp;

printf("Enter the value of x and y\n");

scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);

printf("Before Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);

a = &x;
b = &y;

temp = *b;
*b = *a;
*a = temp;

printf("After Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);

 return 0;
}

OUTPUT
PROBLEM 21: PROGRAM TO SORT AN ARRAY
USING BUBBLE SORT

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, j, i, swap;
printf("Enter number of elements\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
int array[n];
printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);
for (i= 0; i < n; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &array[i]);
}
for (i = 0 ; i < n - 1; i++)
{
for (j = 0 ; j < n - i- 1; j++)
{
if (array[j] > array[j+1])
{
swap = array[j];
 array[j] = array[j+1];
array[j+1] = swap;
}
}
}

printf("Sorted list in ascending order:\n");

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

printf("%d\n", array[i]);

printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR

2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}
 OUTPUT

PROBLEM 22: PROGRAM TO SORT AN ARRAY

USING INSERTION SORT
PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){

int i, j, noe, temp, num[100];

printf("Enter the number of elements to sort: ");

scanf("%d",&noe);

printf("Enter %d elements: ", noe);

 for(i=0;i<noe;i++)
scanf("%d",&num[i]);

for(i=1;i<noe;i++){
temp=num[i];
j=i-1;
while((temp<num[j])&&(j>=0)){
num[j+1]=num[j];
j=j-1;
}
num[j+1]=temp;
}

printf("Order of Sorted elements: ");

for(i=0;i<noe;i++)
printf(" %d",num[i]);
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");

return 0;
}

OUTPUT
PROBLEM 23: PROGRAM TO SORT AN ARRAY
USING SELECTION SORT
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int array[100], n, c, d, position, t;

printf("Enter number of elements\n");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);

for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
scanf("%d", &array[c]);

for (c = 0; c < (n - 1); c++) // finding minimum element (n-1) times

{
position = c;

for (d = c + 1; d < n; d++)

{
if (array[position] > array[d])
position = d;
}
if (position != c)
{
t = array[c];
array[c] = array[position];
array[position] = t;
}
}

printf("Sorted list in ascending order:\n");

for (c = 0; c < n; c++)

 printf("%d\n", array[c]);
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");

return 0;
}

OUTPUT

PROBLEM 24: TO FIND THE LENGTH OF THE

STRING WITHOUT USING STRLEN FUNCTION
PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>

int FindLength(char str[]);

int main() {
char str[100];
int length;

printf("\nEnter the String : ");

gets(str);

length = FindLength(str);

printf("\nLength of the String is : %d", length);

printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
return(0);
}

int FindLength(char str[]) {

int len = 0;
while (str[len] != '\0')
len++;
return (len);

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 25: PROGRAM TO FIND THE
NUMBER OF VOWELS IN A STRING
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int tot_vowel(char str[]);
int main(){
char str[100];
int len, i, vowel = 0;
printf("Enter the string: ");
gets(str);
vowel = tot_vowel(str);
printf("\nTotal number of vowels in the string is: %d", vowel);
printf("\nThis putput belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}
int tot_vowel(char str[]){
int vowel = 0;
int len, i;
len = strlen(str);
for(i=0; i<len; i++)
{
if(str[i]=='a' || str[i]=='e' || str[i]=='i' || str[i]=='o' || str[i]=='u')
vowel=vowel+1;
}
return (vowel);
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 26: TO CHECK IF A GIVEN STRING
IS A PALINDROME OR NOT
PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
void ispalindrome(char *str)
{
char *revstr, *startstr;
int stringlength = strlen(str);
int i, flag = 0;
startstr = str;
for(i = 0; i < stringlength - 1; i++)
str++;
revstr = str;
while(startstr < revstr)
{
if(*startstr != *revstr)
flag = 1;
startstr++;
revstr--;
}
if(flag == 0)
printf("\nEntered string is a palindrome");
else
 printf("\nEntered string is not a palindrome");
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{
char str[20];
printf("Enter a string: ");
gets(str);
printf("\n");
ispalindrome(str);
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
getch();
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
PROBLEM 27: PROGRAM TO COMPARE TWO
STRINGS
PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char Str1[100], Str2[100];
int result, i;

printf("\n Please Enter the First String : ");

gets(Str1);

printf("\n Please Enter the Second String : ");

gets(Str2);

for(i = 0; Str1[i] == Str2[i] && Str1[i] == '\0'; i++);

if(Str1[i] < Str2[i])

{
printf("\n str1 is Less than str2");
}
 else if(Str1[i] > Str2[i])
{
printf("\n str2 is Less than str1");
}
else
{
printf("\n str1 is Equal to str2");
}
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 28: PROGRAM TO CONCATENATE
TWO STRINGS
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>

int main()

char str1[50], str2[50], i, j;

printf("\nEnter first string: ");

scanf("%s",str1);

printf("\nEnter second string: ");

scanf("%s",str2);

for(i=0; str1[i]!='\0'; ++i);

for(j=0; str2[j]!='\0'; ++j, ++i)

str1[i]=str2[j];

str1[i]='\0';

printf("\nOutput: %s",str1);

printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");

return 0;

}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 29: PROGRAM TO REVERSE A
STRING
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char s[1000], r[1000];
int begin, end, count = 0;

printf("Input a string\n");
gets(s);

// Calculating string length

while (s[count] != '\0')

count++;

end = count - 1;

for (begin = 0; begin < count; begin++) {

r[begin] = s[end];
end--;
}
 r[begin] = '\0';

printf("%s\n", r);
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");

return 0;
}

OUTPUT
PROBLEM 30: PROGRAM TO FIND THE AREA
AND PERIMETER OF CIRCLE, TRIANGLE,
RECTANGLE AND SQUARE USING FUNCTIONS
PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#define PI 3.14
int rect_area(int num1,int num2)
{
int a_rect;
a_rect=num1*num2;
return a_rect;
}
int rect_perimeter(int num1,int num2)
{
int p_rect;
p_rect=2*(num1+num2);
return p_rect;
}
int squ_area(int num3)
{
int a_squ;
a_squ=num3*num3;
return a_squ;
}
int squ_perimeter(int num3)
{
int p_squ;
p_squ=4*(num3);
return p_squ;
}
float cir_area(int num5)
{
float a_cir;
a_cir=PI*(num5*num5);
return a_cir;
}
float cir_perimeter(int num5)
{
float p_cir;
p_cir=2*PI*num5;
return p_cir;
}
int tri_area(int num6,int num7)
{
int a_tri;
a_tri=0.5*num6*num7;
return a_tri;
}
int tri_perimeter(int num8,int num9,int num10)
{
int p_tri;
p_tri=num8+num9+num10;
return p_tri;
}

int main()
{
int a, b, h, len, breadth, num, area, rad, perimeter, side1, side2,
side3, height;
float circumference, area_c;
printf("1 rectangle");
printf("\n2 square");
printf("\n3 circle");
printf("\n4 triangle");
printf("\nEnter the figure number you want to calculate area and
perimeter of: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
switch(num)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter the length of rect: ");
 scanf("%d",&len);
printf("Enter the breadth of rect: ");
scanf("%d",&breadth);
area=rect_area(len, breadth);
perimeter=rect_perimeter(len, breadth);
printf("Area of rectangle is: %d", area);
printf("\nPerimeter of rectangle is: %d", perimeter);

case 2:
printf("\n\nEnter the side of square: ");
scanf("%d",&len);
area=squ_area(len);
perimeter=squ_perimeter(len);
printf("Area of square is: %d", area);
printf("\nPerimeter of square is: %d", perimeter);

case 3:
printf("\n\nEnter the radius of circle: ");
scanf("%d",&rad);
area_c=cir_area(rad);
circumference=cir_perimeter(rad);
printf("Area of circle is: %f", area_c);
printf("\nCircumference of circle is: %f", circumference);
 case 4:
printf("\n\nEnter the base of triangle (side1): ");
scanf("%d",&side1);
printf("Enter the height of the triangle: ");
scanf("%d",&height);
printf("Enter the side 2: ");
scanf("%d",&side2);
printf("Enter the side3: ");
scanf("%d",&side3);
area=tri_area(side1, height);
perimeter=tri_perimeter(side1, side2, side3);
printf("Area of triangle is: %d",area);
printf("\nThe perimeter of the triangle is: %d ",perimeter);
}
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 31: PROGRAM TO FIND THE
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
int main()

{
int n, exp, exp1;
long long int value = 1;

printf("Enter the number and its exponential: \n");

scanf("%d%d",&n, &exp);

exp1 = exp;

while(exp-- > 0)
{
value *= n;
}

printf("%d^%d = %lld", n, exp1, value);

printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
 return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 32: PROGRAM TO CONVERT
UPPER CASE TO LOWER CASE AND VICE-
VERSA
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, len = 0;
char str[25];
printf("Enter a string to convert upper to lwer case and viceversa:
");
scanf("%s",&str);

len = sizeof(str)/sizeof(str[0]);

for(i = 0; i < len; i++){

if(isupper(str[i])){

str[i] = tolower(str[i]);
}

else if(islower(str[i])){
 str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
}
}
printf("String after case conversion : %s", str);
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
return 0;}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 33: PROGRAM RO CREATE A FILE
CALLED EMP.TXT AND STORE INFORMATION
ABOUT A PERSON IN TERMS OF ITS NAME,
AGE AND SALARY
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
FILE *fptr;
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;

fptr = fopen("emp.txt", "w");

if (fptr == NULL)
{
printf("File does not exists \n");
return;
}
printf("Enter the name \n");
scanf("%s", name);
 fprintf(fptr, "Name = %s\n", name);
printf("Enter the age\n");
scanf("%d", &age);
fprintf(fptr, "Age = %d\n", age);
printf("Enter the salary\n");
scanf("%f", &salary);
fprintf(fptr, "Salary = %.2f\n", salary);
fclose(fptr);
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 34: PROGRAM TO GENERATE THE
EMPLOY DETAILS USING STRUCTURES
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
struct employee{
char name[30];
int empId;
float salary;
};

int main()
{

struct employee emp;

printf("\nEnter details :\n");

printf("Name :"); gets(emp.name);
printf("ID :"); scanf("%d",&emp.empId);
printf("Salary :"); scanf("%f",&emp.salary);

printf("\nEntered detail is:");

 printf("\nName: %s" ,emp.name);
printf("\nId: %d" ,emp.empId);
printf("\nSalary: %f\n",emp.salary);
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 35: PROGRAM TO PASS AND
RETURN POINTER TO FUNCTION HENCE
CALCULATE AVERAGE OF AN ARRAY.
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int average(int *array,int n);
int main(){
int a[20],*array,n,i;
printf("enter number of elements: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
printf("enter %d element: ",i+1);
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
array=a;
average(array,n);

}
int average(int *array,int n){
int i,sum=0;
float avg;
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
sum+=*(array+i);
}
avg=(float)sum/6;
printf("average is %f",avg);
printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR 2K20/B11/12");
return avg;

OUTPUT
PROBLEM 36: PROGRAM TO PASS AN ARRAY
AS POINTER TO A FUNCTION THAT
CALCULATES THE SUM OF ALL ELEMENTS OF
THE ARRAY.
PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int array[5];
int i,sum=0;
int *ptr;

printf("\nEnter array elements (5 integer values):");

for(i=0;i<5;i++)
scanf("%d",&array[i]);

ptr = array;

for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{

sum = sum + *ptr;

 ptr++;
}

printf("\nThe sum is: %d",sum);

printf("\nThis output belongs to SAMRIDHI KAPOOR
2K20/B11/12");
}

OUTPUT
 PROBLEM 37: PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE
THE EXAMPLE OF ARRAY OF POINTERS
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a,b,c;

int *ptr[3];

ptr[0]= &a;
ptr[1]= &b;
ptr[2]= &c;

a=100;
b=200;
c=300;

printf("value of a: %d, b: %d, c: %d\n",*ptr[0],*ptr[1],*ptr[2]);

 *ptr[0] +=10;
*ptr[1] +=10;
*ptr[2] +=10;
printf("After adding 10\nvalue of a: %d, b: %d, c:
%d\n",*ptr[0],*ptr[1],*ptr[2]);
printf("This output belongs to SAMRIDHI AKPOOR 2K20/B11/12");

return 0;
}

OUTPUT
PROBLEM 38: PROGRAM WHICH COPIES ONE
FILE CONTENTS TO ANOTHER FILE.
PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
 
void main() {
   FILE *fp1, *fp2;
   char ch;
   clrscr();
 
   fp1 = fopen("Sample.txt", "r");
   fp2 = fopen("Output.txt", "w");
 
   while (1) {
      ch = fgetc(fp1);
 
      if (ch == EOF)
         break;
      else
         putc(ch, fp2);
   }
 
   printf("This output belongs to Samridhi kapoor 2k20/b11/12");
   fclose(fp1);
   fclose(fp2);
}
OUTPUT

 This is the output of

.txt file
 PROBLEM 39: PROGRAM TO READ A FILE
AND AFTER CONVERTING ALL LOWER CASE
TO UPPER CASE LETTERS WRITE IT
PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
 
void main() {
   FILE *fp1, *fp2;
   char a;
   clrscr();
 
   fp1 = fopen("test.txt", "r");
   if (fp1 == NULL) {
      puts("cannot open this file");
      exit(1);
   }
 
   fp2 = fopen("test1.txt", "w");
   if (fp2 == NULL) {
      puts("Not able to open this file");
      fclose(fp1);
      exit(1);
   }
 
   do {
      a = fgetc(fp1);
      a = toupper(a);
      fputc(a, fp2);
   } while (a != EOF);
 
   fcloseall();
printf(“File successfully copied…”);
printf(“This output belongs to Samridhi kapoor 2k20/b11/12”);
   getch();
}

OUTPUT
 This is the output of .txt file
 PROBLEM 40: PROGRAM TO FIND THE SIZE
OF A GIVEN FILE.
PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
int findfileSize(char f_n[]) {
FILE* fp = fopen(f_n, "r");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("File Not Found!\n");
return -1;
}
fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_END);
int res = ftell(fp);
fclose(fp);
return res;
}
int main() {
char f_n[] = { "b.txt" };
int result = findfileSize(f_n);
if (result != -1)
printf("Size of the file is %ld bytes \n", result);
printf(“This output belongs to Samridhi kapoor 2k20/b11/12”);
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
 This is the output of .txt file