MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SINGAPORE in collaboration with UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE. General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level PHYSICS 5058/01 Paper 1 Multiple Choice October!November 2011 hour Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fui. Write your name, Centre number and index number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. ‘There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions, For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark, A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. 's of 19 printed pages and 4 blank page. UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE. Imernational Examinations uy @UCLES & MOE 2011 B11 11_5088_01/9RP [Turn over (Oct/Nov 2011 Poper 1 (1)1. Which pair of units both measure the same quantity? A B c D km/h and kg/m? N/m? and Pa Vand J/C Wand J 2 Astudent measures the thickness of a coin using a micrometer screw gauge. ratchet frame The following steps are carried out but are in the wrong order. 1 Turn the ratchet until a ‘click’ is heard, ‘Take the reading on the thimble. 2 3. Place the coin between the anvil and the spindle. 4° Take the reading on the sleeve. 5 ‘Tum the thimble to close the anvil and the spindle. Whats the correct order? A 136333254 351553452 335319452 533313254 @UCLES & MOE 2011 sosarovonut1 Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 1 (2)3 The graph shows how the speed of a trolley changes as it moves across a floor. speed m/s How far does the trolley travel at constant speed? A 4m B 12m Cc 16m D 22m 4 Acar driver takes a total of two hours to make a journey of 75km. During the journey, she takes a break of half an hour and spends a quarter of an hour stationary in a traffic jam. ‘At what average speed must she travel during the rest of the time for the whole journey to take two hours? A 38km/h B 50km/h © 60km/h D 75km/h 5 When his parachute is fully opened, a parachutist falls towards the ground at constant speed. Under these conditions, which statement is correct? A. There are no forces acting on the parachutist. B The upward force on the parachute is equal to the weight of the parachutist. The upward force on the parachute is greater than the weight of the parachutist D__ The upward force on the parachute is less than the weight of the parachutist. GUCLES & MOE 2011 5088/01/0)N/11 [Tum over (Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 1 (3)6 Aheavy nail is fixed firmly to a wall. It is pulled by a string at 40° to the vertical. The nail does not move. Three forces act on the nail. its weight W the tension T in the string the reaction force R between the nail and the wall Which diagram, drawn to scale, represents the three forces in size and direction? A B “ : R R c D T T w w R R @UCLES & MOE 2011 5058/01/01 Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 1 (4)7 The diagram shows a single brick and a pile of three bricks. All the bricks are identical. ———7 1 Compared to the single brick, the pile of bricks has the same density but three times the volume and mass. a the same mass but three times the density and volume. ° the same volume but three times the density and mass ° three times the mass, volume and density. 8 The diagram shows a decoration, which is made by suspending objects P, Q and R from light rods M and N. The masses of P, Q and R are such that the rods are horizontal. 20em__| 10cm rod M 10cm|_ 200m rod N @ Which row gives a possible combination of the masses of P, Q and R? mass of P/g_| mass of C Qig | mass mass of R/g_| 40 | 10 10 EPs fs a] © UCLES a MOE 2011 5058001/01N1 [Turn over (Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 1 (5)9 The rudder of a large ship is operated hydraulically. Oil at high pressure exerts a force F on a piston that in turn moves a lever arm. lever arm oil at high pressure, The oil is at a pressure of S00 kPa and the surface area of the piston is 0.20m*, What is the size of F? A 100N B 2500N © 100000N D 250000N 10 Amanometer contains water and a liquid X. The two liquids do not mix. water — liquid x The pressure at level P in the water is equal to the pressure at level P in liq The density of water is 1000kg/m*, What is the density of liquid X? A 500kg/m> = BB -800kg/m? = C= 1250kg/m® =D 2000kg/m* (© UCLES & MOE 2011 5058/01/01 Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 1 (6)41 A mass Mis hung from a spring. It is then pulled down slightly and allowed to vibrate vertically between P and Q. —P M ]—centre of vibration —a Which row is correct? energy at point P | energy at point Q A kinetic | kinetic B Kinetic | —_—potenial c potential | kinetic | potentiat | potential 12 Acar moves from rest with uniform acceleration along a horizontal road. After travelling a distance of 100 metres, it has kinetic energy equal to 200 000J. ‘What resultant force is acting on the car? A 100N B 1000N Cc 2000N D 20000N 43 An experiment is carried out to estimate the useful power output of a student running up some stairs, ignoring the work done against friction. What is not required for this experiment? A the time taken to run up the stairs B the total horizontal distance of the stairs C the total vertical height of the stairs D the weight of the student @UCLES & MOE 2011 5058/01/01N/11 [Turn over (Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 1 (7)14 According to the kinetic theory, matter is made up of very small particles in @ constant state of motion, Which row best describes the particle behaviour in the gaseous state? See arrangement of particles A strong close but packing is more | disorderly than in a liquid B stron far apart in a disorderly } 9 arrangement | | c weak close but packing is more disorderly than in a liquid |b weak far apart in a disorderly l arrangement 15 Oxygen can be supplied to a fish tank by bubbling air into the water. ‘What happens to the pressure and the volume of air bubbles while they are rising? _ pressure volume |} A) decreases | decreases | |B | decreases | increases | c] increases | decreases [0 | increases | increases @UCLES & MOE 2011 SOS8/01/OINIT1 Oct/Nov 201 Paper 1 (8)16 The diagram shows a vacuum flask and an enlarged view of a section through the flask wall. silvering vacuum silvéring The main reason for the silvering is to reduce heat transfer by A B c D conduction only conduction and convection. radiation only. radiation and convection. 17 A thermocouple thermometer uses a voltmeter to measure the electromotive force (e.m.) generated between two junctions. The junctions are at temperatures T; and Tp T Th Which pair of values of T; and T; produces the largest voltmeter reading? [ value of 7,/°C | value of T3/°C A 20 40 B 20 | 80 c 60 100 D 100 125 © UCLES & Moe 2011 s0seo1/ont4 (Turn over Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 1 (9)18 The specific heat capacity of copper is 400 J/(kg°C). ‘A.2kg mass of copper is heated for 40's by a 100W heater. What is the maximum possible rise in temperature? A 5°C B 10°C © 20°C D 50°C 49 A 2kW kettle containing boiling water is placed on a balance. It is left there and continues to boil for 5 minutes. The balance reading changes by 0.2kg. What does this information give as an estimate for the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water? A 2000J/kg B 3000J/kg © 50 000J/kg D_ 3.000 000J/kg 20 A rope is fixed to a wall at one end. The other end of the rope is moved up and down to produce awave, During this motion, what is transferred along the rope? energy mass oo molecules ° weight OUCLES & MOE 2011 SOS8(01/01N11 (Oct/Nov 2071 Poper 1 (10)21° The diagram shows a ray of light reflected by a plane mirror. The angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray is 80°. What is the angle of incidence? A 40° B 50° c 80° D 100° 22 Array of light strikes the surface of a glass block as shown in the diagram below. air 45 The refractive index of the glass is 1.5. By how many degrees does the light ray change direction when entering the glass? A 30° B 28° © 17 D 15° 23 Which diagram shows rays of light passing through a converging lens? A B c D | PN lens Jens lens lens eucits ance zn sesoovones {Turn over (Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 1 (1)24 Which type of electromagnetic wave is deliberately used in some circumstances to cause damage to living cells in the human body? A infra-red B gamma rays microwaves D radio waves 25 Two notes of different loudness but the same pitch are played on a musical instrument. ‘The two sound waves produced will have A the same amplitude and the same speed. B the same frequency and different speeds. C different amplitudes and the same speed. D_ different amplitudes and different speeds. 26 Two pieces of soft iron, PQ and RS, are placed inside a solenoid. They become magnetised by the current in the solenoid, noe Creer st 4 IR’ current ‘Which poles are found at P, Q, R and S? solenoid DIs current i atR atS Spole | Spole | Npole | Spole | Npole | Spole Npole | Npole OUCLES & MOE 2011 s0s8/010N011 ‘Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 1 (12)27 A bar magnet with a North pole at one end and a South pole at the other is broken at its centre, N x} {y s What will be the poles at the new ends X and Y? pole at x | “pole at Y | A | North North B North | South | c | South North Lo | south | south 28. Three objects X, Y and Z are metal spheres, each on an insulated stand. Objects X and Y experience a force of attraction. Objects X and Z experience a force of attraction. Which set of charges cannot be correct? charge onX | chargeonY | charge onZ A | positive negative negative B positive negative positive c | uncharged positive negative D uncharged positive positive 29 A resistor with resistance R is made from a length L of resistance wire with a cross-sectional area A A second resistor with resistance 2R is made from wire of the same material with a cross- sectional area of 4. What length of wire is needed for the second resistor? A § BL c 2 D a ©UCLES & MOE 2011 5058)01/01NI11 [Turn over (Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 1 (13)30 Four resistors are connected to an altemating current power supply and a diode. — | ! alternating current re WZ How many of the resistors carry current in only one direction? Aral Bea cla D4 31. In the circuit shown, the cells and ammeters all have negligible resistance. 2v 2Vv tot 2a HA) . 29) What are the readings on the ammeters A;, Az and As? | reading on | reading on | reading on | AVA AIA AglA A 2 1 r 2 B 2 | 4 c 4 | 2 D 4 4 BUCLES & MOE 2011 S058/01/01NI11 (Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 1 (14)32 A122 resistor is connected across an 8.0V supply as shown. o-————__ 8.0V 122 j—_____] What is the power produced in the resistor? A 067W Bo 15W c 53W D 770W 33. An electrical cable contains three wires: live, neutral and earth. The cable is correctly wired to a plug which contains a 3A fuse. The insulation becomes damaged and bare metal wires show. Five possible events can ocour. © Aperson touches the earth wire. © Apperson touches the neutral wire ‘+ Aperson touches the live wire. ¢ The live wire touches the neutral wire, ©The live wire touches the earth wire, How many of these five events cause the fuse in the plug to blow? Agel B2 cera) D4 34 P and Q represent two separate, parallel, straight wires carrying currents into the plane of the paper. In which direction is the force on Q? @UCLES & MOE 2011 ‘S058/01/0/N/11 [Turn over ‘Oct/Nov 2001 Poper 1 (15)35. The diagram shows a simple d.c. motor. Which part needs to be made of soft iron to increase the efficiency of the motor? A jl —-8 SL ; c ho t-| o 36. Amagnet moves up and down above a coll of wire LD , spring — S] magnet seoseeeee P movernent # |} og of magnet coil of wire The bottom of the magnet moves up and down between P and R. Where is the bottom of the magnet when there is no induced electromotive force (e.m.f.) in the coil? A atPandataQ B atPandatR © atQonly D atRonly @UCLES & MOE 2011 S058/01/01N/14 (Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 1 (16)37 A demonstration power line is to be set up from the following equipment: a 12V a.c. supply, a pair of long wires for the power line, a 6V 24 W lamp and two transformers. One transformer has a coil P with 50 turns and a coil Q with 1000 turns. ‘The other transformer has a coil R with 50 turns and a coil S with 500 turns. coil P 9 79 coll R 50 turns ; 50 turns ev 24W lamp &) wi Lam! o——0 ~ o_o il sau 12V a.c. supply coil Q coil S 1000 turns ° ° 500 turns. pair of long wires Which arrangement gives a satisfactory demonstration in which the lamp lights at normal brightness? | coil attached | coils attached to | coil attached \ toa.c. supply | _ the power line to lamp A P QandR s B | P | @ands R c | R | Sendp Q fe} oR OUCLES & MOE 2071 0680100111 [Turn over (Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 1 (17)38 In the circuit shown, R is a light-dependent resistor. Its resistance decreases when the intensity of the light shining o What effect does an increase of light intensity on R have on the brightness of the two lamps L. and Le? ie E ke A | decreases ) decreases Leo | C | staysthe same | decreases D | staysthe same | increases 39 The diagram shows a thermistor connected in a potential divider circuit. 6v ov The resistance of the thermistor decreases when its temperature rises. The thermistor is heated. ‘What happens to the potential difference across the thermistor as it is heated? A Itdecreases, but not to zero. B It decreases to zero. € Itincreases, but not to 6V. D It increases to 6V. @UCLES & MOE 2011 5058/01/01 Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 1 (18)40. The diagram shows the trace on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (¢.1.0.). The spot takes =; second to move across the screen from X to Y. What is the frequency of the input signal to the c.r.0.? A 100Hz B 200Hz © 400Hz D 800Hz @UCLES & MOE 2011 5088/01/0/N/11 ‘Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 1 (19)re MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SINGAPORE in collaboration with | |(L)) | UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE \=/ | General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level CANDIDATE NAME come sy wee (ld PHYSICS 5058/02 Paper 2 Theory October/November 2011 ‘11hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST ‘Write your Centre number, index number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid, DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES, Section A Answer all questions. Section B ‘Answer all questions. Question 11 has a choice of parts to answer. ‘Candidates are reminded that all quantitative answers should include appropriate units. Candidates are advised to show all their working in a clear and orderly manner, as more marks are awarded for sound use of Physics than for correct answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ J at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner's Use Section A Section B Total This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages. on C Ply inasvore Examinations and Assessment Board Renee @UCLES & MOE 2011 DC (NFB) st802/4 {Turn over (Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 2 (I)Section A ‘Answer all the questions in this section. 1 Fig. 1.1 shows a manometer attached to a sealed container filled with gas. metre rule with distances in cm _ manometer sealed container: gas water ‘The water in the manometer has a density of 1000kg/m°. Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 x 10°Pa and the acceleration of free fall gis 10m/s?. (a) Define pressure. (b) Calculate the pressure of the gas inside the sealed container. pressure ~- 2] (c) Using ideas about molecules and the definition of pressure, explain why the pressure of the gas in the container rises when the temperature increases. - 2] @UCLES & MOE 2011 SOSSIOZIONNITT Oct/Nov 2071 Paper 2 (2) fy examen2 Fig. 2.1 shows a cyclist travelling down a long hill. A Fig. 2.1 (not to scale) The cyclist starts from rest at A and rolis down the hill to B, through a vertical distance of 60m. He does not brake or use the pedals. The speed of the cyclist at B is 12m/s. The total mass of the cyclist and bicycle is 90kg. The acceleration of free fall gis 10m/s?. (a) State the principle of conservation of energy. 2] (b) Calculate (i) the loss in gravitational potential energy E, between A and B, loss in E, = (li) the increase in kinetic energy &, as the cyclist travels from A to B. increase in E, = 2] (ce) Suggest why the loss in gravitational potential energy and the increase in kinetic energy are different and explain how the law of conservation of energy applies to this situation. @UCLES & MOE 2011 SOSBIO2IOINITY [Turn over (Oct/Nov 201 Paper 2 (3)3 Fig. 3.1 shows a hand dryer. x—__ ; wet hands ~~ i 34 The hot air that blows out of the dryer causes evaporation of water from the hands. In order to test the dryer, the temperature of the air at point X is measured. When the dryer is first switched on, this temperature changes very rapidly. (a) (i) State the name of a suitable type of thermometer to measure the temperature at X. 1] (ii) Explain why this type of thermometer is able to measure a rapidly changing temperature. | ~ 2] (b) The heater inside the dryer supplies thermal energy (heat) to the air at a rate of 2500W. In one second, 75g of cold air at 20°C enters the hand dryer. It emerges as hot ait. The specific heat capacity of air is 1.1J/(9°C) (Calculate the temperature of the hot air that emerges. - 2) temperature = ecm (i) Explain why the water on the hands evaporates rather than boils. | | | | i} | | | | 0] | | @UCLES & MOE 2011 sose/ozionut1 (Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 2 (4)4 Alongitudinal wave passes through a medium. The particles in the medium vibrate from side to side, Fig. 4.1 represents the particles at time t= 0. xX PY Fig. 4.1 (not to scale) Particle P vibrates from the position shown to X, then to Y and then back to the position shown, (a) Describe what happens to the distance between adjacent particles, as the wave moves | through the medium 0 (b) On Fig. 4.1, indicate two particles separated by a distance of one wavelength by labelling | them both with a letter Q. ti] (c)_ The distance between X and is 6.0mm. Time t = 2.0s is the first time that all the particles are back in the positions shown in Fig. 4.1. The wavelength of the wave is 40cm. (i) Determine the amplitude of the wave. amplitude (ii) Calculate the frequency of the wave. frequency = aan it) (iii) Calculate the speed of the wave. speed = .. - (2) (iv) In the space above Fig. 4.1, draw the positions of the particles for t=3.0s. [1] Fy leaner Use @UCLES & MOE 2011 s0s@/02/0/NIT [Turn over (Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 2 (5)5 Fig. 5.1 gives the names of five components of the electromagnetic spectrum. [erays Microwaves Uttra-violet Infra-red Radio waves Fig. 5.1 (a) One component of the electromagnetic spectrum in Fig. 5.1 is not in the correct position. State the name of this component. (b) State which of the five components ()) has the smallest frequency, (ii)_ is used in a television remote control, .... (iii) is used for satelite television. .. (c)_ Explain why ultrasound is not a component of the electromagnetic spectrum. aaa (@)_ Ultrasound and X-rays are used in hospitals to produce images of regions inside the human body. Both procedures need a source of waves and a detector. ultrasound X-ray S34 Fig. 5.2 Fig. 5.3 Draw and label the positions of the source and the detector (i) on Fig. 5.2, when ultrasound produces an image of region P, fl (il) on Fig. 5.3, when X-rays produce an image of region Q. tt) ©UCLES & MOE 2011 soseiaionvt1 (Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 2 (6)6 piece of plastic is held in the hand and rubbed with a loth. Both the plastic and the cloth | jy become charged. Examiners se (a) Describe how the plastic becomes negatively-charged and the cloth becomes positively-charged. om (2) | {b) Suggest why a piece of metal held in the hand does not become charged when it is rubbed with the cloth. = 1] (c) An average lightning strike transfers a charge of 4.0C and releases as much energy ‘as a 100W lamp switched on for 5.0 x 108s. There are, on average, 90 lightning strikes round the world in each second Calculate (i) the energy released in an average lightning strike, energy = eee (il, (i) the average power released by all the lightning strikes in the world, power = (lil) the average electromotive force (e.m.f,) of a lightning strike. em. (th () Apart from a lightning conductor, state the name of one device that uses electrostatic | charging. | ne @UCLES & MOE 2011 5058/02001N/11 [Turn over (Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 2 (7)7 Fig. 7.1 shows two magnets placed close to each other. Fig. 7.1 {a) The N-pole of magnet A repels the N-pole of magnet B but attracts the S-pole of magnet B. Explain why magnet B moves away from magnet A. (b) On Fig. 7.1, draw the magnetic field around and between the two magnets. @UCLES & MOE 2011 5058/02001N11 ‘Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 2 (8)8 Fig. 8.1 shows the structure of a simple a.c. generator. ie |esarners Use =. Axis Fig. 8.1 When the coil is rotated, an e.m4. is induced in the coil. (a) Explain why an e.m.t. is induced. - 2) (b) State the purpose of the slip rings. a) (c) A resistor is connected to the output. On Fig. 8.1, an arrow indicates the direction of the | current at point X. | Explain how a current in this direction opposes the rotation of the coll BUCLES & MOE 2011 5058/0200/N1 + [Turn over Oct/Nov 2071 Paper 2 (9)Section 8 let Fans Answer all the questions from this section. Use Answor only one of the two alternative questions in Question 11. 9 Abadminton shuttlecock is a light, cone-shaped object with a large surface area. In an experiment using electronic apparatus, a shuttlecock is released from rest and the distance d fallen is measured at different times t, ‘A mass is added inside the cone of the shuttlecock. The experiment is then repeated. Fig. 9.1 shows the results obtained with the light shuttlecock and with the heavy shuttlecock. light shuttlecock heavy shuttlecock | tis d/m d/m Fig. 9.1 | (a) Explain how the data in Fig. 9.1 for the light shuttlecock suggests that the speed is | increasing at t= 0.408. (b) (i) On Fig. 9.2, draw a graph of d against tfor the light shuttlecock. 2] (ii) Explain how the graph shows that this shuttlecock reaches terminal velocity. - (iii) Using the data in Fig. 9.1, determine the terminal velocity of the light shuttlecock. terminal velocity (2) @UCLES & MOE 2011 6058/02/01N11 (Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 2 (10)dim 0 1 2 ts Fig. 9.2 (iv) Explain, in terms of the forces acting on the shuttlecock, why it reaches terminal velocity. [2] {c) () Compare the motion of the light shuttlecock with that of the heavy shuttlecock. [2] (ii) Explain, in terms of the forces involved, the difference between the two sets of results. (1 | @UCLES & MOE 2011 Soserozionwts [urn over Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 2 (Mt) examiners10. Fig. 10.1 shows two lamps, A and B, connected in paralfel to the mains supply of a house. 240V ac. Fig. 10.1 Lamp A is labelled 240V, 100W. Lamp B is labelled 240V, GOW. (@) Calculate the current in the circuit at points P,Q and R in Fig. 10.1. current at P = ... current at Q = current at R = 2 {b) The resistance of Ais 5802. (Calculate the resistance of B. | \ | | resistance = . [] (i) Calculate the total resistance of A and B in parallel. resistance = (© UCLES & MOE 2011 S0S8/O2/0"NI11 Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 2 (12) Fw leamrers(ce) Fig. 10.2 shows the same lamps connected in series with the 240V supply. 2a0V ac. 0 © A @ B 952 830 2 Fig. 10.2 ‘When connected in this circuit, the resistance of A is 952 and the resistance of B is 8309. @ Explain why the resistances of A and B are lower when connected in this circuit. (i) Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across A in the circuit of Fig. 10.2. p.d. actoss A = - (2) ‘@UCLES & MOE 2011 S0S8/02/01N/11 [Turn over ‘Oct/Nov 2011 Paper 2 (13)11 EITHER | Fig. 11.1 shows a gi standingin frontofa shop window made of thick glass. The front surface Aof | the glass and the back surface B are marked. She sees the reflection of her shoes in surface A. | surface _ surface Ams glass window | ) i x 7 7 Fig. 11.1 (@) () On Fig. 11.1, draw a ray of light from point X, reflected by surface A, to the girl's eye. ") (i) On Fig. 11.1, mark the angle of incidence of the ray at surface A. Label this angle i. ty il) State what is meant by the angle of incidence. Et (b) Only some of the light is reflected by surface A. Most of the light refracts into the glass. | Fig. 11.2 shows a ray of light in air, before it enters the glass. A protractor is also shown. surface surface ray of ight, air air Fig. 11.2 @UCLES & MOE 2011 5058/02/01 Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 2 (14) exariers‘The refractive index of the glass is 1.5. (i) Forthe ray in Fig. 11.2, calculate the angle of refraction in the glass. | angle = eons [3] (ii) On Fig. 11.2, draw the ray of light as it passes through the glass and emerges into the air on the other side. ty {c) No ray of light that strikes surface A undergoes total internal reflection at either surface A or surface B. (i) State what is meant by total internat reflection. seennsnceneenn a) Explain why a ray of light that enters the glass through surface A cannot be totally internally reflected at surface B. @UCLES & MOE 2011 0502/01/11 [urn over (Oct/Nov 2001 Poper 2 (15)OR (@) Fig. 11.3 shows a sack truck supporting a box filed with sand, bom a truck wheels Fig. 11.3 Three of the forces acting on the truck are * — the weight W of the box, * the effort force E provided by the hands, + the force F between the ground and the wheels. (On Fig. 11.3, mark and label these three forces. Show clearly where each force | (3) acts and the direction of each force. Gi) State the principle of moments. (iii) Explain how the design of the truck makes it easier to lft the load. @UCLES & MOE 2011 5058/02/01 (Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 2 (16) Fer |exaniners(b) Fig. 11.4 shows two strings P and Q that exert vertical forces of 140N at each end of a horizontal rod of length 1.6m. The rod is pivoted at its centre and the weight of the rod negligible. 140N string P 140N string Q Y tod pivot Fig. 11.4 Calculate the total moment acting on the rod about the pivot. a) moment = (c)_ Another uniform rod of length 1.6m is supported by two strings Rand S. This rod has a weight of 180N which acts at the centre of the rod. String S is at one end of the rod and string R is 0.40m from the other end, as shown in Fig. 11.5. ‘ m +~—_-_--.. + tension tension in string R. in string S 180N 1.5 Caloulate the tension in string R. tension = © UCLES & MOE 2011 5058/02/0/N/11 Oct/Nov 2001 Paper 2 (17)