DESIGN OF AN 105 MW POWER BARGE 2017 - 2018
DEFINITION OF TERMS
A
Aftercooling: A technique employed with two-stage turbocharging.
Airblast Injection: Form of injection where the charge of fuel was “blasted” into the
cylinder by compressed air supplied from a compressor driven by a second engine or by
the engine itself.
Air-Fuel Ratio: The ratio of air weight to fuel weight consumed in an internal
combustion engine or furnace.
Airless Injection: The now generally used method of forcing fuel into the combustion
space, using a pump to deliver the fuel at high pressure to the injector nozzle.
API Gravity: Weight per unit volume of oils as measured by the API scale.
Ash: Inorganic residue remaining after ignition of combustible substances determined
by definite prescribed methods.
Bunker Fuel Oil: Heavy, residual fuel oil used in ships.
Cam Follower: Component fitted between the end of a push rod or valve stem and the
camshaft lobe which operates it.
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DESIGN OF AN 105 MW POWER BARGE 2017 - 2018
Camshaft: A shaft with cams or lobes, used to operate valve gear and/or fuel pumps.
Catalyst: Substances which promotes a chemical reaction, but does not itself enter into
the reaction.
Centrifuge: A machine using centrifugal force produced by high-speed rotation for
separating materials of different densities.
Cetane Index: An empirical measure of ignition quality.
Clearance Volume: The space in the top of the cylinder into which the piston never
intrudes.
Combustion Air: The air for combustion fed into a cylinder before compression and the
injection of fuel.
Compression Ignition: Method of ignition used in diesel engine where high
compression of the charge air leads to a sufficient rise in temperature to cause
spontaneous ignition when fuel is injected into the cylinder.
Connecting Rod: The rod which connects a piston to the crankshaft.
Corrosion: Detrimental change in the size or characteristics of material under
conditions of exposure or use.
Crankcase: Main block of engine which houses the crankshaft and often the cylinder
liners.
Crankpin: Short cylindrical bearing surface between two arms of a crank which is set
parallel to the main shaft of the crankshaft.
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DESIGN OF AN 105 MW POWER BARGE 2017 - 2018
Crankshaft: Main shaft of engine to which the flywheel is fitted and which is coupled to
the machinery being driven.
D
Density: The mass of a unit of volume.
Diesel Index: An indication of the ignition quality of the fuel.
Direct Injection: The Injection of fuel direct into the cylinder of an engine rather than
into a pre-chamber built into the cylinder head.
Emulsion: A liquid mixture of two or more liquid substances not normally dissolved in
one another, one liquid held in suspension in the other.
Fire Point: The lowest temperature at which oil vaporizes rapidly enough to burn for at
least 5 seconds after ignition, under standard conditions.
Flash Point: The lowest temperature at which a liquid will generate sufficient vapor to
flash when exposed to a source of ignition.
Fuel Oil: The heavy distillates from the oil refining process.
Heat of Combustion, Gross: Total heat evolved during complete combustion of unit
weight of a substance.
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DESIGN OF AN 105 MW POWER BARGE 2017 - 2018
Heat of Combustion, Net: Gross heat of combustion minus the latent heat of
condensation of any water produced.
Heavy Crude: Crude oil with a high specific gravity and a low API gravity due to the
presence of a high proportion of heavy hydrocarbon fractions and metallic content.
Injector: Device for injecting fuel into a cylinder just before commencement of the
power stroke.
Intercooling: Arrangement in a pressure charged engine for cooling the charge air after
it has been compressed but before it enters the cylinders.
Ionization: The process of adding electrons to, or removing electrons from, atoms or
molecules, thereby creating ions.
Kinematic Viscosity: The ratio of the absolute viscosity of a liquid to its specific gravity
at the temperature at which the viscosity is measured.
Lifting: Refers to tankers and barges taking on cargoes of oil or refined product at
the terminal or transshipment point.
Light Crude: The crude oil with a low specific gravity and high API gravity due to the
presence of a high proportion of light hydrocarbon fractions and low metallic compound.
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DESIGN OF AN 105 MW POWER BARGE 2017 - 2018
NOx Emissions: Nitrous Oxide emissions as found in diesel engine exhaust gases.
O
Oil: Crude petroleum and other hydrocarbons produced at the wellhead in liquid form.
Overspeed Trip: Device designed to shut down an engine if its speed rises above a
safe maximum.
Particulate: Free suspended solids.
Parts per million (ppm): The unit commonly used to designate the concentration of a
substance in a wastewater in terms of weight.
Petroleum: A generic name for hydrocarbons, including crude oil, natural gas liquids,
natural gas and their products.
Pour Point: Lowest temperature at which an oil will pour or flow under certain
prescribed conditions.
Purifier: A machine used for a liquid-liquid separation in which the two intermixed
liquids which are insoluble in each other have different specific gravities.
Sludge: Deposits in fuel tanks and caused by the presence of wax, sand, scale,
asphaltenes, tars, water, etc.
Smoke: Term used to refer to diesel exhaust which looks black and smokey, rather
than clear, because of the presence of unburned fuel oil.
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DESIGN OF AN 105 MW POWER BARGE 2017 - 2018
Specific Gravity: Weight of a particle, substance or chemical solution in relation to an
equal volume of water at 15°C.
Specific Heat: The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit weight of
a substance by 1 degree.
Sulfur: An element that is present in crude oil and natural gas as an impurity in
the form of its various compounds.
Supercharging: Method of pressure charging a diesel engine; the charge air is fed to
the cylinders under greater than atmospheric pressure using a compressor.
Swept Volume: It is the volume swept by the piston as it reciprocates.
Turbocharging: Most commonly used method of increasing the pressure under
which charge air is fed to a diesel engine's cylinders.
Viscosity: Measure of the internal friction or resistance of an oil to flow.
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