CBSE NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Science Chapter 4: Back of Chapter Questions

Class- XII-CBSE-Biology Reproductive Health
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Science Chapter 4

Back of Chapter Questions
1. What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?

Solution:
Reproductive health refers to the total well-being of mental, physical, social and
behavioural aspects of the reproduction. It includes proper functioning of the
reproductive organs and normal emotional and behavioural interaction regarding
sex-related aspects.
Significance of reproductive health in society includes:
• Awareness about the normal functioning of reproductive organs.
• Use of birth control methods to keep the family size in check.
• Use of contraception to prevent sexually transmitted diseases from getting
transmitted.
• Eliminating the differences between a male and a female child.
• Emphasising on the benefits of breastfeeding and the importance of
postnatal care.
2. Suggest aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in
the present scenario.
Solution:
Aspects of reproductive health which needs to be given special attention in the
present scenario are:
Importance of contraception in preventing sexually transmitted diseases.
By spreading awareness about safe and hygienic sexual practices.
By providing counselling to teenagers about the physical changes during puberty.
By giving importance to post-childbirth care of females.
Benefits of breastfeeding to young ones.
3. Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
Solution:
Yes, sex education is necessary for school because of it very essential for a child to
receive the right information about the changes in the adolescence, safe sex
practices, appropriate use of contraception methods through a proper channel.
4. Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50
years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
Practice more on Reproductive Health Page - 1 www.embibe.com

Class- XII-CBSE-Science Reproductive Health
Solution:
There has been a tremendous improvement in the reproductive health of India in
the past 50 years. The areas where the development has occurred include:
• The government has introduced programs such as family planning to
introduce the concept of a small family.
• Programs regarding mother and child care were introduced.
• Hospitals have been equipped with machines and facilities which were
required in childbirth and newborn care.
• Improved version of contraception has been introduced.
5. What are the suggested reasons for the population explosion?
Solution:
The population is increasing at a rapid pace because there has been an improvement
in the medical facilities and supply of food, awareness about well-being and
hygiene, which has led to an increase in birth rate and a decrease in the death rate.
6. Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
Solution:
Contraceptives are beneficial in several ways. Following are the reasons:
Mechanical contraceptive devices have a significant role in preventing sexually
transmitted disease.
Intrauterine contraceptive devices help a couple in keeping space between two
children.
They prevent females from unwanted pregnancies and abortions.
They help the couple to keep the family size in control.
7. Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
Solution:
Contraception is a method of avoiding fertilisation for a certain period or to control
the no. of progenies. It can be temporary or permanent. However, the gonads
continue to produce gametes and hormones. Whereas, removal of gonads cannot be
considered as a contraceptive.
Gonads refer to ovaries and testes. Ovaries produce female gamete “ovum” and
female sex hormones such as “estrogen” and “progesterone”. Testes produce male
gamete “sperm” and male hormone “testosterone”. Hence, if gonads are removed
the secretion of sex hormones from them will get affected, causing several other
health problems.
8. Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban
necessary? Comment.

Solution:
Amniocentesis is a technique in which amniotic fluid of the developing fetus is
taken, and the cells of the fetus are analysed. Use of amniocentesis for fetal sex
determination is banned to keep a check on the female foeticide, which would
happen after the fetal sex determination. Detection of genetic disorders in the foetus
such as Haemophilia, Sickle cell anaemia, Down syndrome is done using this
technique.
9. Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
Solution:
Methods that can help infertile couples to have children are:
• The couple can undergo diagnosis after finding the problem they can
undergo treatment in specialised health care units known as infertility
clinics.
• The couple can take the help of specialised techniques known as “Assisted
reproductive technologies”(ART). These techniques carry out the
fertilisation artificially hence known as In-vitro fertilisation. The in-vitro
fertilisation techniques are of two types
1. IFT-Zygote intrafallopian transfer: In this method, mature ova are fertilised
with the sperms in artificial condition. The zygote that is formed is placed
into the fallopian tube for further development.
2. GIFT -Gamete intrafallopian transfer: In this method, the ovum from a donor
female is placed into the fallopian tube of a female who cannot produce ovum
but can undergo fertilisation and support fetal development.
ICSI-Intra cytoplasmic injections: In this method, the sperm nucleus is directly
injected into the ovum.
IUI- Intrauterine insemination: In this method, the sperm is injected into the uterus.
This method is performed when males have low sperm count.
10. What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
Solution:
The measures taken by the individual to prevent sexually transmitted disease are:
• Avoid sex with unknown partners or multiple partners.
• Use a barrier method to prevent fluid contact.
• In case any symptoms of infections are suspected one should go to the
doctor and get the necessary tests done.
11. State True/False with explanation
(A) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)

(B) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is

always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
(C) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception.
(True/False)
(D) Creating awareness about sex-related aspects is an effective method to
improve the reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
Solution:
(A) True. Abortions could happen spontaneously due to stress or imbalance in
hormones.
(B) False. Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and
is not always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner as males
can be sterile due to abnormalities such as low sperm count and impotence.
(C) True. Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception
because when the mother is breastfeeding the hormone prolactin is involved
in the process of lactation; this hormone counteracts with the Luteinizing
hormone required for the ovulation process.
(D) True. Creating awareness about sex-related aspects is an effective method
to improve the reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
12. Correct the following statements :
(A) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
(B) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
(C) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among rural women.
(D) In E. T. techniques, embryos are transferred into the uterus.
Solution:
(A) Surgical methods of contraception include tubectomy in females and
vasectomy is males In this method, the fallopian tubes, and vas deferens is
cut and then ligated in females and males respectively. These methods do
nor stop gamete formation as the surgery is not performed in gonads.
(B) The sexually transmitted disease includes Gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital
herpes, chlamydiosis, genital warts, trichomoniasis, and HIV.Out of these
diseases, Hepatitis B, genital herpes, HIV infection are not completely
curable.
(C) Contraception is not much popular among rural women. Oral pills are
mainly used by females staying in urban areas.
(D) In embryo transfer technique, the embryo is transferred into the fallopian
tube at the eight-cell stage. If the embryo is more than eight cells, it is
implanted into the uterus.

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Class- XII-CBSE-Biology Reproductive Health

CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Science Chapter 4

1. What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?

Practice more on Reproductive Health Page - 1 www.embibe.com

Practice more on Reproductive Health Page - 2 www.embibe.com

Practice more on Reproductive Health Page - 3 www.embibe.com

(B) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is

Practice more on Reproductive Health Page - 4 www.embibe.com

Practice more on Reproductive Health Page - 5 www.embibe.com

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