verbaluri nawili

analogiebi
1. sastiki : lmobieri

(a) bejiTi : warmatebuli

(b) maRali : axovani
(g) zarmaci : zanti
(d) mxdali : mamaci

2. veziri : cbieri

(a) wyali : mineraluri

(b) zebra : zoliani
(g) haeri : gamWvirvale
(d) naZvi : maradmwvane

3. estumra : Causaxlda

(a) ixila : esizmra

(b) aTxova : aCuqa
(g) gadaemtera : daumoyvrda
(d) daicva : gamoeqomaga

4. gamagreba : mtkice

(a) dapirispireba : mZafri

(b) SeSineba : saxifaTo
(g) gardaqmna : Secvlili
(d) gacxadeba : saidumlo

5. gapartaxeba : dampyrobeli

(a) kerva : qsovili

(b) naTeba : sanTeli
(g) dnoba : yinuli
(d) krefa : yvavili

6. mxatvari : damTvalierebeli

(a) wigni : mkiTxveli

(b) leqcia : momxsenebeli
(g) reJisori : mayurebeli
(d) fexburTeli : mwvrTneli

7. Ruza : floti

(a) xmali : muzaradi

(b) afra : ialqani
(g) lula : artileria
(d) paraSuti : vertmfreni
 8. diriJori : simfoniuri musikis koncerti

(a) amomrCeveli : saparlamento arCevnebi

(b) mayurebeli : kalaTburTis matCi
(g) mZRoli : sagzao SemTxveva
(d) mosamarTle : sasamarTlo procesi

winadadebebis Sevseba
9. adamianis uflebebis dacva zogadsakacobrio zrunvis sagans _____ , Tumca,
zogierTi mTavroba _____ moqalaqeTa fundamentur uflebebs _____ .

(a) ar warmoadgens / ucxo qveynis / mxolod saSinao saqmed miiCnevs

(b) warmoadgens / ucxo qveynis / saerTaSoriso saqmed miiCnevs
(g) warmoadgens / sakuTari / mxolod saSinao saqmed ganixilavs
(d) ar warmoadgens / sakuTari / saerTaSoriso saqmed ar miiCnevs

10. zogjer _____ ukavSireben konfliqtsa da Zaladobas, xolo _____ _

mSvidobasa da TanamSromlobas, _____ , sinamdvileSi arsebobs uamravi _____
qali.

(a) mamakacs / qals / miuxedavad amisa / mSvidobismoyvare

(b) qals / mamakacs / miuxedavad amisa / Zaladobis momxre
(g) mamakacs / qals / marTlac / Zaladobis momxre
(d) qals / mamakacs / Tumca / mSvidobismoyvare

11. _____, rom es Tqmulebebi im adamianebs miaCniaT ______ , vinc poseidonis

kunZuls atlantis okeaneSi daeZebs, radgan ______ cnobebi kunZulis swored
am okeaneSi mdebareobis Sesaxeb.

(a) ucnauria / nakleb sarwmunod / am TqmulebebSi dasturdeba

(b) bunebrivia / nakleb sarwmunod / am TqmulebebSi Semonaxulia
(g) bunebrivia / sarwmunod / am TqmulebebiT baTildeba
(d) ucnauria / sarwmunod / am TqmulebebSi dasturdeba

12. statiaSi mkacrad aris gakritikebuli axalgazrda mwerlis moTxroba; _____ ,

bolo dros kritikaSi SemoWrili cinikuri kilos _____ , am werilSi _____
kilo _____ .

(a) Sesabamisad / mibaZviT / Semwynarebluri / udavod igrZnoba

(b) Sesabamisad / miuxedavad / damcinavi / aSkarad igrZnoba
(g) miuxedavad amisa / sapirispirod / damcinavi / namdvilad ar igrZnoba
(d) miuxedavad amisa / sapirispirod / Semwynarebluri / sruliad ar igrZnoba

13. A firmis mier gamoSvebuli saTamaSoebis fasi aseTi _____ rom ar

yofiliyo, maTze moTxovna _____ iqneboda, vinaidan cnobilia, rom dRes
momxmareblebi did mniSvnelobas _____ saTamaSoebis xarisxs da fiqroben, rom
nawarmis fasi pirdapirproporciuladaa dakavSirebuli mis xarisxTan.

(a) maRali / gacilebiT didi / aniWeben

(b) dabali / gacilebiT didi / aniWeben
(g) dabali / gacilebiT didi / ar aniWeben
(d) maRali / gacilebiT naklebi / ar aniWeben
logika
14. ucxoplanetelTa kosmosur xomaldze kapitnis garda kidev oTxi wevria:
 alfa, beta, gama da Teta. dedamiwaze Camosvlisas xomaldis kapitanma ekipaJi or
jgufad gayo (TiToeul jgufSi ori wevri iyo). man gadawyvita, rom:
1. gama da beta iqnebian erTsa da imave jgufSi
2. beta da alfa ar iqnebian erTsa da imave jgufSi
3. alfa da Teta iqnebian erTsa da imave jgufSi
4. beta da Teta iqnebian erTsa da imave jgufSi

ganawilebis am oTxive wesis erTdroulad ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia. zemoT

CamoTvlilTagan ganawilebis romeli wesi unda gamoiricxos, raTa ekipaJis
wevrebis jgufebSi ganawileba SesaZlebeli gaxdes?
(a) 4
(b) 3
(g) 2
(d) 1

15. cotne da kote megobrebi arian. cnobilia, rom erT-erTi maTgani yovelTvis
simarTles ambobs, xolo meore – yovelTvis cruobs.
megobrebidan erT-erTma ganacxada: “me cotne ar var”

Tu am sityvebis warmomTqmeli aris _____ , maSin _____ aris matyuara.

(a) cotne / kote

(b) kote / kote
(g) cotne / kote ar
(d) kote / cotne ar

16. cnobilia, rom:

• gamomZiebeli arasodes cruobs, magram amomwurav informaciasac arasodes gvawvdis
• eWvmitanili arasodes gvawvdis amomwurav informacias, Tanac man SeiZleba icruos

alekos ZaRlebis gamofenaze mxolod senbernari da kavkasiuri nagazi moewona. kiTxvaze, Tu ra jiSis ZaRlebi
moewona mas, alekom upasuxa, rom moewona nagazi da doberman-pinCeri.

aqedan aucileblad gamomdinareobs, rom aleko:

(a) SeiZleba gamomZiebeli iyos, magram ar SeiZleba iyos eWvmitanili
(b) SeiZleba eWvmitanili iyos, magram ar SeiZleba iyos gamomZiebeli
(g) SeiZleba iyos rogorc eWvmitanili, aseve gamomZiebeli
(d) ar SeiZleba iyos arc eWvmitanili da arc gamomZiebeli

17. adamianis qcevas pirovnul Tvisebebze metad situacia ganapirobebs. magram

xdeba xolme, rom zogierTi adamiani, romelic, vTqvaT, Tamamad iqceva erT
situaciaSi, aseve iqceva sruliad gansxvavebul viTarebaSi.

romeli daskvna gamomdinareobs am msjelobidan aucileblad?

(a) situacias yovelTvis naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs pirovnul TvisebebTan

SedarebiT
(b) arseboben adamianebi, romelTa qceva naklebad aris damokidebuli situaciaze
(g) arseboben adamianebi, romelTa qceva arasodes araa damokidebuli pirovnul
Tvisebebze
(d) situacia yovelTvis meti zegavlenis mqonea, vidre pirovnuli Tvisebebi

18. sawarmom AA da BB qalaqebSi arsebul Tavis safirmo maRaziebSi gasayidad

Seitana sportis moyvarulTa Soris popularuli maisurebi. A qalaqSi
gacilebiT meti maisuri gaiyida, vidre _ B qalaqSi. sawarmos xelmZRvanelobam
amaSi B qalaqis sadistribucio qselis menejeri daadanaSaula.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli faqti matebs damajereblobas sawarmos
xelmZRvanelTa pozicias?
(a) A qalaqSi gacilebiT meti sportuli klubia, vidre _ B qalaqSi
(b) B qalaqSi imave periodSi sxva firmamac Seitana msgavsi maisurebi
(g) A qalaqSi am periodSi axalgazrduli rok-festivali imarTeboda
(d) B qalaqSi am firmas ufro meti safirmo maRazia aqvs, vidre _ A qalaqSi

wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba

enis warmoSobis sakiTxi mZafr interess iwvevda enaTmecnierebis

Camoyalibebamde mravali saukuniT adre. jer kidev Zvel saberZneTSi (V-IV
saukuneebSi Zv.w.) didi gatacebiT kamaTobdnen am problemis erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi aspeqtis Sesaxeb. kerZod, berZen moazrovneebs ainteresebdaT, ratom ewodeba sagans es da
ara sxva saxeli.
erTni amtkicebdnen, rom sagnis saxeli gansazRvrulia sagnis bunebiT. “Tu
es ase ar aris, _ ambobdnen isini, _ maSin ratom xdeba, rom ama Tu im sagans
nebismier saxels ver vuwodebT?” meore Teoriis mimdevrebi amtkicebdnen, rom
saxeli sagans eZleva “SeTanxmeba_dakanonebiT”. saxeli rom sagnis bunebiT
ganisazRvrebodes, sagnebs sxvadasxva saxeli ar erqmeoda, erTsa da imave sagans yvela enaSi erTi da igive
saxeli eqneboda; maSasadame, saxeli ar ganisazRvreba sagniTo, ambobdnen isini. arsebiTi is ki ar aris, am
TvalsazrisTagan romeli ufro Seefereba sinamdviles. aq mTavaria Tavad sakiTxis dasma _ ratom iwodeba
sagnebi ase
da ara sxvagvarad, es ki enis filosofiis erT-erT ZiriTad sakiTxs warmoadgens.
enis warmoSobis sakiTxiT dainteresebuli iyvnen aRmosavleTis qveynebSic. herodotes gadmocemiT, egviptis
faraonma fsametiqma (Zv. w. VI s.) enis warmoSobis sakiTxis gasarkvevad Turme aseTi cda Caatara: ori bavSvi
ise aRzardes, rom maT ar gaugoniaT adamianis metyveleba. bavSvebi mainc alaparakdnen da pirveli sityva,
romelic orivem warmoTqva, iyo _ “bekos”. faraonma gasca gankarguleba, gaegoT, romel enaSi arsebobs es
sityva. gairkva, rom aseTi sityva arsebobs frigiul enaSi da niSnavs “purs”. faraonma aqedan daaskvna, rom
uZveles enad frigiuli unda miviCnioT.
Tavi rom davaneboT sakiTxs, Tu ramdenad kanonzomieria am “eqsperimentidan” (Tuki aseTi ram odesRac
marTlac moxda) gamotanili daskvna, an ramdenad safuZvliania kvlevis meTodika, herodotes monaTxrobi erTi
mxriv mainc sagulisxmoa: enis warmoSobis sakiTxi axlo aRmosavleTis Zvel qveynebSi berZnebze ufro adre
ainteresebdaT.
saxeldebis problemis mecnieruli kvleva gasuli saukunis ociani wlebidan iwyeba. erT-erTi gamokvlevis
mixedviT, sityva SemTxveviT ar ukavSirdeba im obieqts, romelsac aRniSnavs, anu is SemTxveviT rodi iRebs
saxelwodebis funqcias. am Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad, sityvisa da obieqtis kavSiri emyareba erTgvar
Sesabamisobas sityvis bgeriT Sedgenilobasa da obieqtis vizualur xats Soris. eqsperimentSi cdispirebs
sTavazobdnen ori figuris naxazs,
romelTagan erTi texili, xolo meore _ mrudi xazebisgan iyo Sedgenili, da
sTxovdnen SeerCiaT maTTvis saxelwodeba ori xelovnurad Seqmnili bgeraTa
kompleqsidan _“takete” da “maluma”. cdispirTa didi umravlesoba texili
xazebisgan Sedgenil figuras “taketes” uwodebda, mrudi xazebisgan Sedgenil
figuras ki _ “malumas”. Tumca, saxeldebis problema jer kidev araa sabolood
gadawyvetili. is kvlav iwvevs mkvlevarTa mZafr interess da biZgs aZlevs
mravali, zogjer sruliad gansxvavebuli mecnieruli koncefciis SemuSavebas.

19. raze kamaTobdnen enis warmoSobis sakiTxiT dainteresebuli Zveli berZnebi

(upasuxeT I-II abzacebis mixedviT)?

(a) sagnis an movlenis saxeldeba enaTmecnierebis Camoyalibebamde ufro mZafr

interess iwvevda Tu misi Camoyalibebis Semdeg
(b) ra ufro arsebiTia _ berZeni moazrovneebis gansxvavebul TvalsazrisTagan
romelia marTebuli Tu Tavad saxeldebis sakiTxis dasma
(g) sagnis an movlenis saxeldeba sagnis bunebis Sesabamisad xdeba Tu erToblivi
gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze
(d) ratom iwodeba sagnebi ase da ara sxvagvarad _ enaTmecnierebis erT-erTi
ZiriTadi sakiTxia Tu enis filosofiis
 20. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli uaryofs II abzacSi warmodgenil orive
Teorias?
(a) sagnis saxeli gansazRvrulia misive bunebiT
(b) sagans saxeli eniWeba SeTanxmeba-dakanonebiT
(g) sagnis saxeli ar ganisazRvreba arc misi bunebiT da arc SeTanxmeba_dakanonebiT
(d) sagans saxeli eniWeba SeTanxmeba-dakanonebiT an saxelwodeba ganisazRvreba
sagnis bunebiT

21. romeli mosazrebis argumentad gamoiyena faraonma fsametiqma mis mierve

Catarebuli cdis Sedegi?

(a) metyvelebis aTvisebis sawyis etapze dakvirvebiT SesaZlebelia ama Tu im enis

warmoSobis sakiTxis garkveva
(b) aRmosavleTis qveynebSi ufro daxvewili iyo kvlevis meTodika, vidre _
saberZneTSi
(g) ufrosebisagan gancalkevebiT bavSvebis aRzrda xels ar uSlis maT
ametyvelebas
(d) pirveli sityva, romelic frigiul enaSi warmoiSva, iyo _ "bekos"

22. teqstidan gamomdinare, herodotes monaTxrobTan dakavSirebiT danamdvilebiT

SeiZleba iTqvas is, rom:

(a) faraonis mier Catarebuli eqsperimentis daskvnebi misaRebi da kanonzomieria

(b) bavSvebi, romlebzec fsametiqma Caatara cda, namdvilad alaparakdnen frigiul
enaze da warmoTqves sityva "bekos"
(g) fsametiqis kvlevis meTodi Seesatyviseba Tanamedrove mecnieruli kvlevis erT-
erT meTods
(d) enis warmoSobisa da saxeldebis sakiTxebi axlo aRmosavleTis Zvel qveynebSi
berZnebze ufro adre ainteresebdaT

23. ra mimarTebaa sityvis bgeriT Sedgenilobasa da obieqtis vizualur xats

Soris bolo abzacSi aRwerili eqsperimentis mixedviT?

(a) kavSiri sityvis bgeriT Sedgenilobasa da obieqtis vizualur xats Soris

SemTxveviTia, anu saxeldeba xorcieldeba SeTanxmeba-dakanonebiT
(b) rogorc wesi, sityvis bgeriT Sedgenilobasa da obieqtis vizualur xats Soris garkveuli Sesabamisobaa, anu
sityva SemTxveviT ar iRebs saxelwodebis funqcias
(g) kavSiri sityvis bgeriT Sedgenilobasa da obieqtis vizualur xats Soris
kanonzomieria, radgan ama Tu im sagnis saxeli mraval enaSi msgavs bgeraTa
kompleqsidan aris Seqmnili
(d) rogorc wesi, obieqtis vizualuri xati efuZneba sityvis bgeriT Sedgenilobas, anu bgeraTa kompleqsi
SemTxveviT ar iqceva sagnis saxelwodebad

24. teqstis mixedviT, ra kavSiria ZvelberZnul Teoriebsa da XX saukunis erT-

erT kvlevas Soris?

(a) berZnuli Teoriebi saxeldebas enis filosofiis erT-erT ZiriTad sakiTxad

ganixilavs, Tanamedrove eqsperimentSi ki is miCneulia obieqtis vizualuri
aRqmis safuZvlad
(b) ZvelberZnuli Teoriebis sapirispirod, XX saukunis es eqsperimenti sruliad
axleburad gagvaazrebinebs saxeldebis problemas
(g) "taketesa" da "malumas" eqsperimenti erTgvari kompromisuli argumentia orive
berZnuli Teoriis sasargeblod
(d) XX saukuneSi Catarebuli eqsperimentis Sedegebi ganamtkicebs erT-erT
berZnul Teorias da eWvqveS ayenebs meores
25. ra aris teqstis ZiriTadi daniSnuleba?
(a) dagvanaxos saxeldebis fenomenTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi da maTi gadaWris
gzebi
(b) daasabuTos saxeldebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebul TeoriaTagan erT-erTis
marTebuloba
(g) Seajamos enis warmoSobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqtis _ saxeldebis _
eqsperimentuli kvlevis miRwevebi
(d) gagvacnos Teoriuli mosazrebebi da kvlevis magaliTebi enis warmoSobis
erT-erTi aspeqtis _ saxeldebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT

analogiebi

26. mxars uWers : Tanadgoma

(a) bodiSs ixdis : patieba

(b) kamaTobs : dava
(g) nebas rTavs : Txovna
(d) yoymanobs : gadawyveta

27. sibnele : mze

(a) sicxe : qurqi

(b) kiTxva : saTvale
(g) wyurvili : wyali
(d) mosavali : xorbali

28. CiraRdani : naTura

(a) sabeWdi manqana : kompiuteri

(b) etli : avtomobili
(g) Ceqma : fexsacmeli
(d) saTvalTvalo koSki : cixesimagre

29. eWviani : ndoba

(a) didsulovani : sikeTe

(b) mSvidi : SfoTva
(g) naRvliani : martooba
(d) xumara : sicili

30. feri : wiTeli

(a) moTxovnileba : SimSili
(b) metyveleba : aqcenti
(g) gataceba : swrafva
(d) ganaTeba : sinaTle

31. teqsti : furceli

(a) dRe : kalendari

(b) ilustracia : wigni
(g) gamosaxuleba : ekrani
(d) fotosuraTi : albomi

32. Tafli : yvavili

 (a) gube : wvima
(b) comi : fqvili
(g) foladi : sabado
(d) rveuli : qaRaldi

33. puris yana : jejili

(a) rto : fesvi

(b) buCqi : ekali
(g) nayofi : nergi
(d) foToli : kvirti

winadadebebis Sevseba

34. adamianis yuradRebas izidavs yovelive is, rac misTvis _____ . magram,
rodesac subieqti _____ situaciaSi imyofeba, maSin yuradRebis gamomwvev
faqtors _____ ki ara, piriqiT, _____ warmoadgens.

(a) nacnobi da Cveulia / ucnob, axal / siaxle da uCveuloba / nacnoboba da

Cveulebrioba
(b) axali da uCveuloa / nacnob, Cveul / nacnoboba da Cveulebrioba / siaxle
da uCveuloba
(g) axali da uCveuloa / ucnob, axal / siaxle da uCveuloba / nacnoboba da
Cveulebrioba
(d) nacnobi da Cveulia / nacnob, Cveul / siaxle da uCveuloba / nacnoboba da
Cveulebrioba

35. ragind _____ unda iyos raime musikaluri nawarmoebi, igi mainc Sedgeba
_____ , romelTaganac agebulia "gama", anu erTgvari musikaluri anbani. _____
is kombinacia, is sinTezi, romelSic mocemulia _____ tonebi.

(a) Cveulebrivi / araCveulebrivi bgerebisagan, gansakuTrebuli tonebisagan /

nawarmoebis trafaretulobas iwvevs / es yvelasaTvis nacnobi, Cveuli
(b) Cveulebrivi / imave gansazRvruli raodenobis notebisagan, imave tonebisagan / nawarmoebis trafaretulobas
iwvevs / mxolod unikaluri
(g) originaluri / araCveulebrivi bgerebisagan, gansakuTrebuli tonebisagan /
originalobas, esTetikur Rirebulebas nawarmoebs aniWebs / mxolod unikaluri
(d) originaluri / imave gansazRvruli raodenobis tonebisagan / originalobas,
esTetikur Rirebulebas nawarmoebs aniWebs / es yvelasTvis cnobili elementaruli

36. rasakvirvelia, avTandils _____ ar aklia, _____ mxedruli siqvele mainc

_____ rols asrulebs mis winaSe wamoWrili amocanebis gadawyvetisas, radgan am
amocanebs metwilad _____ .

(a) inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebi / magram / mTavar, arsebiT / inteleqtualuri

xasiaTi aqvs
(b) meomruli Rirsebebi / magram / aramTavar, damxmare / inteleqtualuri xasiaTi aqvs
(g) meomruli Rirsebebi / miuxedavad amisa, / aramTavar, damxmare / misi mebrZoli
buneba gansazRvravs
(d) inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebi / swored amitom / aramTavar, damxmare /
misi mebrZoli buneba gansazRvravs

37. is faqti, rom inglisuri ena ukanaskneli 500 wlis manZilze, _____ ,
SeiZleba mieweros swored am periodSi _____ . xolo, meore mxriv, unda
aRiniSnos primitiul sazogadoebaTa enebSi mimdinare _____ imis gamo, rom maT
_____ namdvili fonetikuri damwerloba.

(a) winare periodTan SedarebiT, mniSvnelovnad Seicvala / werilobiTi

komunikaciis gavrcelebis Seferxebas / sakmaod swrafi cvlilebebi / Seqmnes
(b) winare periodTan SedarebiT, naklebad Seicvala / werilobiTi komunikaciis
farTod gavrcelebas / sakmaod swrafi cvlilebebi / ar gaaCniaT
(g) momdevno periodTan SedarebiT, naklebad Seicvala / werilobiTi komunikaciis
gavrcelebis dabal dones / umniSvnelo cvlilebebi / ar gaaCniaT
(d) momdevno periodTan SedarebiT, mniSvnelovnad Seicvala / werilobiTi
komunikaciis farTod gavrcelebas / umniSvnelo cvlilebebi / Seqmnes

logika

38. mocemulia:
• Tu sandro tyuis, maSin tyuis qeTic

Semdegi oTxi viTarebidan romeli SeiZleba gamoviyenoT imis sabuTad, rom es

mocemuloba mcdaria (gaiTvaliswineT, rom TeZami namdvilad aris mdinare)?

(a) sandro ambobs: TeZami ar aris mdinare

qeTi ambobs: marTalia, rom TeZami ar aris mdinare
(b) sandro ambobs: marTalia, rom TeZami ar aris mdinare
qeTi ambobs: tyuilia, rom marTalia, rom TeZami aris mdinare
(g) sandro ambobs: tyuilia, rom marTalia, rom TeZami aris mdinare
qeTi ambobs: marTalia, rom TeZami aris mdinare
(d) sandro ambobs: marTalia, rom tyuilia, rom TeZami aris mdinare
qeTi ambobs: TeZami ar aris mdinare

39. xuTi bavSvi magidis irgvliv (erTmaneTis pirispir) dgas.

qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli SemTxvevaa SesaZlebeli?

(a) yoveli bavSvi maRalia mis marjvniv mdgomze

(b) yoveli gogona dgas or biWs Soris, xolo yoveli biWi or gogonas Soris
(g) yoveli ori gverdi-gverd mdgomi bavSvis asakTa jami tolia
(d) yovel bavSvs uWiravs ufro didi vaSli, vidre mis marcxniv mdgoms

40. umaRles saswavlebelSi pirvelkurselTa Soris Catarda konkursi, romlis

Sedegadac gamovlinda:
• pirvelkurselTa umravlesobam kargad icis ucxouri ena
• pirvelkurselTa umravlesobas Tavisuflad SeuZlia kompiuteriT sargebloba
• yvelam, vinc konkursze gamoavlina rogorc ucxouri enis kargad codna,
aseve _ kompiuteriT Tavisuflad sargeblobis unari, miiRo jildo.

qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli debuleba gamomdinareobs aucileblad am

monacemebidan?
(a) TiTqmis yvela pirvelkurselma miiRo jildo
(b) pirvelkurselTa mxolod umciresobam miiRo jildo
(g) zogierTma pirvelkurselma namdvilad miiRo jildo
(d) verc erTma pirvelkurselma jildo ver miiRo

41. A da B firmebi Tixisa da faifuris WurWels amzadeben. wels maT Tavisi

produqciis mxolod mcire nawili gayides. gaiyida firmis mier damzadebuli gacil- ebiT meti Tixis WurWeli, vidre
_ firmis faifuris WurWeli.am informaciis safuZ-velze gamoiTqva varaudi, rom: wels Tixis WurWeli meti
popularobiT sargeblobs, vidre _ faifuris.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli faqti matebs damajereblobas am varauds?

(a) wels gaiyida firmis ufro meti Tixis WurWeli, vidre firmis Tixis WurWeli
(b) wels gaiyida firmis ufro meti faifuris WurWeli, vidre misive Tixis WurWeli
(g) firmis WurWeli zogadad meti popularobiT sargeblobs, vidre firmis WurWeli
(d) firmis WurWeli zogadad meti popularobiT sargeblobs, vidre firmis WurWeli

wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba

italieli mxatvari da mecnieri _ leonardo da vinCi _ dakvirvebiT

swavlobda frinvelTa frenis Taviseburebas. Cvenamde moaRwia misma Canaxatebma da
SeniSvnebma, romlebic safren aparats exeba. man pirvelma mogvca frenis
Teoriuli dasabuTeba, haerze mZime aparatebis (helikopteri, paraSuti) Seqmnis
idea. leonardos aqvs aseTi gamonaTqvami: “frinveli erTgvari aparatia, romlis
moZraoba eqvemdebareba maTematikis kanonebs. Sesabamisad, adamianma unda SeZlos
aseTi aparatis Seqmna”. masve ekuTvnis Canaweri: “wadi milanis simagris maxlobel
TxrilebSi, raTa daakvirde nemsiylapiebis frenas”. am sityvebidan ramdenime
saukunis Semdeg nemsiylapiebis safreni aparatis Seswavlam gaxsna erTi iseTi
saidumlo, romelic metad mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda aviaciis Semdgomi
ganviTarebisTvis.
cnobilia, rom buneba frinvelisa Tu mweris safren aparats xangrZlivi
drois manZilze “agebda”. arsebobs garkveuli Tanafardoba frinvelis sxeulis
wonasa da frTebis Slils Soris. sxvadasxva frinvelisTvis gansazRvrulia
frTebis moqnevis sixSirec. magaliTad, svavi, romlis frTebis Slili sxeulis
sigrZes TiTqmis 3-jer aRemateba, erTi wamis ganmavlobaSi frTebs erTxel
moiqnevs, xolo xoxobi, kakabi, mwyeri, romelTa gaSlili frTebi 1,5-jer aRemateba
sxeulis sigrZes, wamSi frTebs 5-jer moiqneven.

frinvelTa ganviTarebis istoria gviCvenebs, rom sxeulis giganturi zoma

maTTvis “araekonomiuria”. sxeulis zomis metismeti zrda ganapirobebda masiuri
kunTovani sistemisa da ConCxis ganviTarebas, Sesabamisad ki saWiroebda
Warb sakvebs, rac, TavisTavad, arcTu ioli mosapovebeli iyo. unda aRiniSnos
is naklic, romelic zogierT didi zomis frinvels axasiaTebs. weroebs ar SeuZliaT adgilidan afrena. isini “starts”
iReben mxolod mas Semdeg, rac ramdenime aTeul nabijs gairbenen miwaze. zogierTi frinveli afrenas iwyebs
xeebis totebidan an kldeebidan. miuxedavad amisa, frTosnebi wonasTan SefardebiT gacilebiT ufro nakleb
energias xarjaven, vidre adamianis mier Seqmnili aparatebi.

gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi xSiri iyo sahaero katastrofebi.

mecnierebma Seiswavles aviakatastrofis Sedegad daSlili TviTmfrinavis
nawilebi, romlebsac xanZris an afeTqebis kvali ar aCnda. gamoirkva, rom
aviakatastrofa TviTmfrinavis araswori konstruirebis Sedegi iyo.
TviTmfrinavis mier garkveuli siCqaris gadalaxvis Semdeg aerodinamikuri Zalebis
moqmedebiT iwyeboda frTis rxeviTi moZraoba, tkacuni da daSla. am movlenas
“flateri” (ing. _ TrTolva) uwodes.
ucnauria, magram faqtia, rom Tanamedrove TviTmfrinavebs ufro meti aqvT
saerTo mwerebTan, vidre frinvelebTan. nemsiylapiebis safreni aparatis Seswavlis
Sedegad gairkva, rom am mwerebs frTebis kideebze aqvT gamsxvileba, romlis
daniSnuleba, rogorc Cans, unda iyos mweris frTis damZimeba da vibraciis
Tavidan acileba. aviakonstruqtorebma isargebles aRmoCeniT da TviTmfrinavis
frTebic daamZimes, riTac aRkveTes flateris saSiSroeba.
Tanamedrove reaqtiuli safreni aparatebis siCqare nebismieri cocxali
arsebis siCqares mniSvnelovnad aRemateba. samgzavro TviTmfrinavi 25-jer ufro
swrafad dafrinavs, vidre _ nemsiylapia, da 90-jer ufro swrafad, vidre _
pepela. magram gairkva, rom TviTmfrinavi saaTSi gadis manZils, romelic 15 000-jer aRemateba mis sigrZes,
xolo, vTqvaT, bazi (erTgvari mweri) _ manZils, romelic
milionjer metia mis sigrZeze.

42. leonardo da vinCis damsaxurebaa is, rom man:

(a) pirvelma mogvca frenis Teoriuli dasabuTeba da Seqmna haerze mZime

aparatebi: helikopteri, paraSuti
(b) Seiswavla frinvelTa frenis Tavisebureba da frinvelis safreni aparati
maTematikur kanonebs dauqvemdebara
(g) migviTiTa cocxali bunebis Sesaxeb arsebuli codnis gamoyenebiT sainJinro
amocanaTa gadawyvetis SesaZleblobaze
(d) gaxsna erTi iseTi saidumlo, romelic Zalze mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda aviaciis
Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis

43. ra Tanafardobazea saubari II abzacSi?

(a) rac ufro xangrZlivi drois manZilze “agebda” buneba frinvelis safren
aparats, miT metia misi frTebis Slili da naklebia frTebis moqnevis sixSire
(b) rac ufro metia frinvelis sxeulis wona, miT ufro metia misi frTebis
Slili da metia frTebis moqnevis sixSire
(g) rac ufro metia frinvelis sxeulis sigrZe, miT ufro mcirea misi frTebis
Slili, magram didia frTebis moqnevis sixSire
(d) rac ufro metjer aRemateba frTebis Slili frinvelis sxeulis sigrZes, miT
ufro mcirea misi frTebis moqnevis sixSire drois garkveul monakveTSi

44. teqstSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia didi zomis frinvelebisTvis

damaxasiaTebel naklze. CamoTvlilTagan romeli winadadeba gamoxatavs mas?

(a) didi zomis frinvelebi wonasTan SedarebiT gacilebiT nakleb energias

xarjaven, vidre _ adamianis mier Seqmnili aparatebi
(b) didi zomis zogierT frinvels afrena SeuZlia mxolod mas Semdeg, rac
miwaze ramdenime nabijs gairbens
(g) weroebi afrenas iwyeben xis totebidan, maSin, rodesac zogierT samxedro
TviTmfrinavs SeuZlia adgilidan afrena
(d) Warbi sakvebis mosapoveblad didi zomis frinvelebs sWirdebaT masiuri
kunTovani sistema

45. romeli safreni aparatebis aviakatastrofazea saubari teqstSi?

(a) arasworad konstruirebuli safreni aparatebisa, romelTac zedmetad mZime

frTebi hqondaT
(b) Tanamedrove reaqtiuli safreni aparatebisa, romlebic 90-jer ufro swrafad
dafrinaven, vidre _ peplebi
(g) TviTmfrinavebisa, romlebic xanZris Sedegad xSirad feTqdeboda gasuli
saukunis 30-ian wlebSi
(d) safreni aparatebisa, romelTa frTebis vibracia iwvevda mTeli aparatis
daSlas

46. rogor aRikveTa flateris saSiSroeba?

(a) xanZarsawinaaRmdego mowyobilobis rekonstruirebis Sedegad

(b) frTebis damZimebis gziT, risi konstruirebac erT-erTi mweris agebulebis
analogiiT moxerxda
(g) aerodinamikuri Zalebis moqmedebis Sedegad
(d) nemsiylapiebisa da bazis safreni aparatebis Seswavlis meSveobiT

47. teqstis mixedviT, ra mimarTebaa samgzavro TviTmfrinavisa da erT-erTi

mweris frenis garkveul maxasiaTebels Soris?

(a) nemsiylapia 25-jer nela dafrinavs, vidre _ TviTmfrinavi da 90-jer ufro

swrafad, vidre _ pepela
(b) bazi saaTSi gadis manZils, romelic milionjer aRemateba missave sigrZes,
xolo TviTmfrinavi saaTSi gadis manZils, romelic mxolod 15 000-jer metia
missave sigrZeze
(g) pepela saaTSi gadis manZils, romelic milionjer aRemateba missave sigrZes,
xolo TviTmfrinavi amave droSi gadis manZils, romelic 90-jer metia missave
sigrZeze
(d) TviTmfrinavis siCqare mniSvnelovnad aRemateba nebismieri mweris siCqares,
Tumca bazi milionjer met manZils gadis saaTSi, vidre _ TviTmfrinavi

48. pirvel abzacSi ori citataa leonardos Canawerebidan:

1. “frinveli erTgvari aparatia, romlis moZraoba eqvemdebareba maTematikis
kanonebs. Sesabamisad, adamianma unda SeZlos aseTi aparatis Seqmna”;
2. “wadi milanis simagris maxlobel TxrilebSi, raTa daakvirde nemsiylapiebis
frenas”.

romel abzacebs miemarTeba uSualod es citatebi?

(a) pirveli citata _ II da III abzacebs, meore citata ki _ IV, V, VI abzacebs

(b) pirveli citata _ III, IV, V abzacebs, meore citata ki _ II da VI abzacebs
(g) pirveli citata _ IV da VI abzacebs, meore citata ki _ II, III, V abzacebs
(d) pirveli citata _ II, V, VI abzacebs, meore citata ki _ III da IV abzacebs

49. teqstis dasawyisSi naxsenebia _ “saidumlos gaxsna”. romel saidumlozea

saubari?

(a) ratom eqvemdebareba frinvelTa moZraoba maTematikis kanonebs

(b) ratom aqvT Tanamedrove TviTmfrinavebs ufro meti saerTo mwerebTan, vidre
_ frinvelebTan
(g) ra ganapirobebs imas, rom mwerebi erT saaTSi sakuTar sigrZesTan SedarebiT
gacilebiT met manZils gadian, vidre _ TviTmfrinavebi
(d) ra gziTaa SesaZlebeli safren aparatTa frTebis vibraciis Tavidan acileba

50. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba

teqstis safuZvelze?

(a) aviakonstruqtorebma SeiZleba isargeblon aRmoCeniT, romelic exeba

nemsiylapiebis frTebis agebulebas da aRkveTon aerodinamikuri
Zalebis moqmedeba
(b) miuxedavad imisa, rom frTosnebi wonasTan SefardebiT gacilebiT ufro
nakleb energias xarjaven, vidre adamianis mier Seqmnili aparatebi, isini bevrad
ufro “araekonomiurni” arian
(g) miuxedavad imisa, rom Tanamedrove safreni aparatebis SesaZleblobebi mravali
parametriT aRemateba frinvelebisa da mwerebisas, am ukanasknelT aqvT
safrenosno unarebi, romlebic jerjerobiT miuRwevelia aviaciisTvis
(d) aviaciis Semdgomi ganviTareba SeuZlebelia cocxal arsebaTa safreni
aparatebis Seswavlisa da konstruirebis gareSe