Scribd
Upload
264 views6 pages

Module 1 - Flywheels Part 1

Flywheels store energy during portions of a machine's operating cycle when energy production exceeds requirements, and release it during portions when requirements exceed production. This helps maintain a uniform rotational speed and reduces speed fluctuations. Flywheels are used in engines, compressors, pumps and intermittent machines like punching and shearing equipment. Turning moment diagrams graphically represent torque over the operating cycle and are used to calculate energy fluctuations and the coefficient of fluctuation, which indicates how effectively a flywheel reduces speed variations.

Uploaded by

Johnlloyd Barreto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
264 views6 pages

Module 1 - Flywheels Part 1

Flywheels store energy during portions of a machine's operating cycle when energy production exceeds requirements, and release it during portions when requirements exceed production. This helps maintain a uniform rotational speed and reduces speed fluctuations. Flywheels are used in engines, compressors, pumps and intermittent machines like punching and shearing equipment. Turning moment diagrams graphically represent torque over the operating cycle and are used to calculate energy fluctuations and the coefficient of fluctuation, which indicates how effectively a flywheel reduces speed variations.

Uploaded by

Johnlloyd Barreto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

FLYWHEELS

Introduction

A flywheel used in machines acts as a reservoir to store energy when the


supply of energy is excess and the same is released when the requirement arises
i.e. its primary function is to sort out variations in the speed of a shaft which are
caused due to torque fluctuations.

Applications of flywheel

1. Punching machines
2. Shearing machines
3. Riveting machines
4. Crushers
5. Steam engines
6. Internal combustion engines
7. Reciprocating compressors
8. Reciprocating pumps

In case of steam engines, internal combustion engines, reciprocating


compressors and pumps, the energy is developed during one stroke and the
engine is to run for the whole cycle on the energy produced during this one
stroke. For example, in internal combustion engines, the energy is developed
only during expansion or power stroke which is much more than the engine load
and no energy is being developed during suction, compression and exhaust
strokes in case of four stroke engines and during compression in case of two
stroke engines. The excess energy developed during power stroke is absorbed by
the flywheel and releases it to the crankshaft during other strokes in which no
energy is developed, thus rotating the crankshaft at a uniform speed. A little
consideration will show that when the flywheel absorbs energy, its speed
increases and when it releases energy, the speed decreases. Hence a flywheel
does not maintain a constant speed, it simply reduces the fluctuation of speed.
In other words, a flywheel controls the speed variations caused by the fluctuation
of the engine turning moment during each cycle of operation.

In machines where the operation is intermittent like *punching machines,


shearing machines, riveting machines, crushers, etc., the flywheel stores energy
from the power source during the greater portion of the operating cycle and gives
it up during a small period of the cycle. Thus, the energy from the power source
to the machines is supplied practically at a constant rate throughout the
operation.
Turning Moment Diagram

The turning moment diagram (also known as crank-effort diagram) is the


graphical representation of the turning moment or crank-effort for various
positions of the crank. It is plotted on Cartesian co-ordinates, in which the
turning moment is taken as the ordinate and crank angle as abscissa.

Turning Moment Diagram for a Single Cylinder Double Acting Steam Engine
Turning Moment Diagram for a Four Stroke Cycle Internal Combustion
Engine

Turning Moment Diagram for a Multi-Cylinder Engine


Fluctuation of Energy

The fluctuation of energy may be determined by the turning moment


diagram for one complete cycle of operation. Maximum fluctuation of energy is
the difference of the maximum energy and the minimum energy.

Coefficient of Fluctuation of Energy

It may be defined as the ratio of the maximum fluctuation of energy to the


work done per cycle. Mathematically, coefficient of fluctuation of energy,

𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚


𝑪𝑬 =
𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆

The work done per cycle (in N-m or joules) may be obtained by using the
following two relations:

1. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝑇𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝜃


𝑃 𝑥 60
2. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝑛

The following table shows the values of coefficient of fluctuation of energy


for steam engines and internal combustion engines.

Coefficient of Fluctuation of Speed


The difference between the maximum and minimum speeds during a cycle
is called the maximum fluctuation of speed. The ratio of the maximum
fluctuation of speed to the mean speed is called the coefficient of fluctuation of
speed.

Energy Stored in a Flywheel


𝑁1 + 𝑁2
𝑁 = 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚 =
2
𝜔1 + 𝜔2
𝜔 = 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 =
2

The maximum fluctuation of energy,


∆𝐸 = 𝑚𝑅 2 𝜔2 𝐶𝐹 = 𝑚𝑣 2 𝐶𝐹

You might also like