GRAMMAR PRACTICE

Practice Booklet
BOOKLET
Analista de sistemas
Inglés técnico II
UNIT 5
 Much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty

If you want to use these words correctly, you need to understand the difference between
countable and uncountable nouns.

Countable nouns have plurals, can be counted and used with an article.

Uncountable / Mass Nouns are the names of materials, liquids, abstract ideas and other
things that cannot be counted. Numbers cannot be used with these words and they have no
plural form.

much / little: used with uncountable nouns: Time, luck, energy, money, knowledge

many / few: used with plural nouns Friends, people, countries, cars

a lot of / lots of / plenty* used with both uncountable and

of: plural nouns

much / many Used especially in negative We didn’t spend much / a lot of money.
sentences & questions. BUT “a Do you know many / a lot of people?
lot of” is also possible.

a lot of usually used in positive We spent a lot of money.

sentences, especially in spoken
English.

a little / a few have a negative meaning: not

much / not many

little used with uncountable nouns There is little time.

few used with countable nouns He has few friends.

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Translate this text

E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, is trading in products or services using

computer networks, such as the Internet. Electronic commerce draws on technologies
such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer,supply chain
management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data
interchange (EDI),inventory management systems, and automated data
collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide
Web for at least one part of the transaction's life cycle, although it may also use other
technologies such as e-mail.
eCommerce businesses may employ some or all of the following:

• Online shopping web sites for retail sales direct to consumers

• Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which process third-party
business-to-consumer or consumer-to-consumer sales
• Business-to-business buying and selling
• Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts and social media
• Business-to-business electronic data interchange
• Marketing to prospective and established customers by e-mail or fax (for example,
with newsletters)

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Conjunctions

Choose the correct option.

1. The bus stopped __________ the man got off.

A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

2. We stayed at home __________ watched a film.

A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

3. I wanted to buy a newspaper __________ didn't have enough money.

A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

4. I have a lot of homework to do now __________ I can't go to the cinema with you.
A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

5. He's very rich __________ he doesn't spend a lot of money.

A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

6. Do you want tea __________ coffee?

A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

7. Is the Empire State Building in New York __________ London?

A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

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8. Is it a new house __________ an old house?
A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So
9. I enjoy visiting many different countries __________ I wouldn't want to live anywhere else but
Lisbon.
A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

10. We can go by bus __________ we can walk.

A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

11. I can't remember his name __________ I know his face from somewhere.
A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

12. I will study my spelling words __________ I can get a good score on the test.
A.And
B.But
C.Or
D.So

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE
BOOKLET
Analista de sistemas
Inglés técnico II
UNIT 6
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 SUGGESTIONS

A) Write an appropriate suggestion for each problem. Use WHY DON’T YOU…? HOW ABOUT….? and
WHAT ABOUT…….?

1) A: My internet service is not good.

B: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2) A: My PC is too slow.
B: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3) A: My cell phone battery drains very quickly.

B: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4) A: My printer’s cartridges are too expensive.

B: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5) A: I don’t know how to work with spreadsheets.

B: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6) A: The antivirus that I installed is not effective.

B: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 Because of/Because

Because of and because are both used to introduce reasons.

Because of is a preposition, it is generally followed by a noun.

Because is a conjunction, it is followed by a subject and a verb.

* Because Maria was feeling sick, she didn't go to the supermarket.

Subject verb

* Because of her sickness, Maria didn't go to the supermarket.

Noun

Complete the sentences with BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF

1. I'm asking you …………………………………..I want to know your opinion.

2. I was late this morning …………………………………………… the traffic.

3. She can't drive ………………………………………………………….. her blindness.

4. The bank closed down …………………………………………. the recession.

5. I came back …………………………………………………….. I'd forgotten my briefcase.

6. We stopped playing football ………………………………………… the rain.

7. Tom is very difficult to understand ………………………………….. his weird accent.

8. Paul moved to Paris ……………………………………………………………. his job.

9. John crashed his Truck ………………………………………. he was driving too fast.

10. I cannot come ………………………………. the weather.

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 The history of hacking
Read part 1 of the text and answer these questions.

1) Which hacking case inspired the film War Games?

2) When did Captain Zap hack into the Pentagon?
3) Why was Nicholas Whitely arrested in 1988?
4) How old was the hacker that broke into the US defense computer in 1989?

The history of hacking- part 1

1971- John Draper discovered that a whistle offered in boxes of Cap’n Crunch breakfast cereal perfectly generated
the 2,600 Hz signal used by the AT&T telephone company.

He started to make free calls. He was arrested in 1972 but wasn’t sent to prison.

1974- Kevin Mitnick, a legend among hackers, began hacking into the North American Defense Command in
Colorado Springs- would inspire the film War Games in 1983.

1981- Ian Murphy, a 23-year-old known as Captain Zap on the networks, hacked into the White House and the
Pentagon.

1987- The IBM international network was paralysed by a hacker’s Christmas message.

1988- The Union Bank of Switzerland almost lost £32 million to hackers. Nicholas Whitely was arrested in connection
with virus spreading.

1989- A fifteen-year-old hacker cracked the US defence computer.

1991- Kevin Poulsen, known as Dark Dante on the networks, was accused of stealing military files.

Complete part 2 of the text with the past simple form of the verbs in the box

SHOW-SPREAD-STEAL-LAUNCH-ATTEMPT- OVERWRITE- BE- INFECT- AFFECT

The history of hacking – Part 2

1992- David L. Smith 1) ……………………….. prosecuted for writing the Melissa virus, which was passed in Word
files sent via email.

1997- The German Chaos Computer Club 2) …………………… on TV how to obtain money from bank accounts.

2000- A Russian hacker 3) ………………….. to extort $ 100.000 from online music retailer CD Universe. A Canadian
hacker 4) ……………………a massive denial of service attack against websites like Yahoo! and Amazon.

The ILoveYou virus, cleverly disguised as a love letter, 5) ………………………. so quickly that email had to be shut
down in many companies. The worm 6) ……………….. image and sound files with a copy of itself.

2001- The Code Red worm 7) …………………….. tens of thousands of machines.

2006- Hackers 8) …………………….. the credit card details of almost 20.000 AT&T online customers. However,
subscribers to its service 9) (not)………………………………..
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Read these landmarks in the history of the internet and prepare at least five questions in the past simple.

Example: What happened in 1969? What did Ray Tomlinson do in 1971?

1969- The US Defense Department establishes ARPANET, a network connecting research centres.

1971- Ray Tomlinson of BBN invents an email program to send messages across a network. The @sign is chosen for
its AT meaning.

1981- IBM sells the first IBM PC BITNET provides email and file transfers to universities.

1982- TCP/IP is adopted as the standard language of the internet.

1988- Jarkko Oikarinen develops the system known as Internet Relay Chat (IRC).

1991- CERN (Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire) creates the World Wide Web.

1998- The Internet 2 network is born. It can handle data and video at high speed but it is not a public network.

1999- Online Banking, e-commerce and MP3 music become popular.

2001-Napster, whose software allows users to share downloaded music, maintains that it does not perpetrate or
encourage music piracy. However, a judge rules that Napster’s technology is an infringement of music copyright.

2004- Network Solutions begins offering 100-year domain registration.

2006- Americans spend over $100 billion shopping online.

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Example: In 1990, I played my first computer game. It was………………..

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 UNIT 7
IT SUPPORT
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STUDENT A

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STUDENT B

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EXERCISES
Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from:
go to bed stop raining close the door fall down have a bath
before now

He has c h e d hk shoes.
...........................................................................

She ..............................................................................

They ...........................................................................

4
It ...............................................................................

6
The ...............................................................................
, *'

#m Complete the sentences with a verb from the list.

break buy decide forget go go invite see not/see
m-

e tell
1 'Can I have this newspaper?' 'Yes, I ?.C ..* h,d....with it.'
2 1 ................................................................ some new shoes. Do you want to see them?
3 'Where is Liz?' 'She .....................................................................out.'
4 I'm looking for Paula. ..................................... you .................................... her?
5 Look! Somebody ................................................................ that window.
6 'Does Lisa know that you're going away?' 'Yes, I ................... . . he2
..........................................
7 I can't find my umbrella. Somebody ............................................................... it. i .a

8 I'm loolung for Sarah. Where .................................... she .................................. ? - .

9 I know that woman but I ...................................................................... her name.
10 Sue is having a party tonight. She ...................................................................... a lot of people.
11 What are you going to do? ....................................... you ................................... ?
12 'Where are nly glasses?' 'I don't know. I ................................................................... them.'

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 UNIT 8
IT SECURITY
AND SAFETY
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MODAL VERBS
We use modal verbs to add extra meaning to the main verb. They are followed by an infinitive without TO.
USAGE
1) To express a POSSIBILITY
You can/ could use Adobe Flash to include interactive animations.
You may insert songs, podcasts etc.
The price of Dreamweaver might go down next month.
Note: Could, may and might are used to express weaker possibilities.
2) To ask for permission
Can/ could/ may I use your mobile phone?
Note: May is more formal than can or could
3) To talk about ability
They are looking for artists who can draw and design web pages
Note: Could is the past form of can and is used to talk about ability in the past.
4) To talk about obligation and necessity
To see or hear all these files, you must have the right plug-in.
5) To talk about absence of obligation.
You don’t have to learn HTML in order to build your own website.
6) To give advice
Before going live, you should check that all the links work.
7) To talk about logical deductions
This looks wrong- there must be a mistake
This can’t be true.

A) Complete these sentences with a suitable modal verb. There may be more than one possible answer.
1) With Java, I …………………………………. include some attractive banners on my website.

2) With a web editor, you …………………………….. create a web document easily.

3) These days, you …………………………. learn how to use complicated HTML codes. Modern web design
software is user-friendly and converts a visual layout into HTML code.

4) Once live, you ………………………… update your website regularly.

5) To view a PDF file, you ………………………. have Adobe Acrobat Reader or a similar programme.

6) Websites with graphics are more inviting than those written in plain text, so you …………………… insert
some graphics in your documents.

7) ……………………… use your laptop? I need to print out this report.

8) This woman speaks with a New York accent so, she …………….. be from the USA.

9) He ………….. be a good webpage designer because he doesn’t know the HTML language.

10) Before you start to design a website, you ……………………..decide how to organize the content.

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