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Grain Storage Techniques

This document discusses grain storage techniques and trends in developing countries. It covers topics such as economics of grain storage, biodeterioration and mycotoxins risks, quality grading standards, harvesting and threshing methods, drying techniques, farm and warehouse storage methods, bulk storage, and insect and rodent control. The document is published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and is intended to provide information on improving grain storage and handling in developing nations.

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Eyayaw Ashagrie
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178 views4 pages

Grain Storage Techniques

This document discusses grain storage techniques and trends in developing countries. It covers topics such as economics of grain storage, biodeterioration and mycotoxins risks, quality grading standards, harvesting and threshing methods, drying techniques, farm and warehouse storage methods, bulk storage, and insect and rodent control. The document is published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and is intended to provide information on improving grain storage and handling in developing nations.

Uploaded by

Eyayaw Ashagrie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grain storage techniques

Evolution and trends in developing countries

Table of contents

Edited by D.L. Proctor, FAO Consultant

FAO AGRICULTURAL SERVICES BULLETIN No. 109

GASCA - GROUP FOR ASSISTANCE ON SYSTEMS RELATINGTO GRAIN AFTER


HARVEST

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)


Rome, 1994

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

M-17
ISBN 92-5-1 03456-7

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocoping or otherwise,
whitout the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, whit a
statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director,
Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle
Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.

(c) FAO 1994


Contents

Foreword

Chapter 1 - Economics of grain handling and storage in developing countries

The role of storage in the economy


Costs and incentives to store
Who stores and why?
Improvements in large-scale storage and handling
Improvement to storage on the farm
References

Chapter 2 - The biodeterioration of grain and the risk of mycotoxins

Biodeterioration
Moulds and mycotoxins
The significance of mycotoxins
The interaction of mycotoxins
The control of mycotoxins
Sampling and analysis
Conclusions
References

Chapter 3 - Quality and grading of grain

Introduction
Quality characteristics of grains
Grain standards
Grain trade
Standard grading of grain quality
Sampling, equipment and methods
Quality determination, equipment and methods
The role of standards in local trade
References

Chapter 4 - Grain harvesting, threshing and cleaning

Technical alternatives
Constraints
Evaluation of costs
References

Chapter 5 - Drying methods

Introduction
Drying principles and general considerations
Natural and solar drying
Mechanical dryers
Drying operations
Novel dryers and recent developments
Ancillary equipment
References

Chapter 6 - Storage at farm/village level and in warehouses

Introduction
Traditional farm/village storage methods
'Improved' farm/village storage methods
Alternative storage technology at farm/village level
Traditional private grain trader storage
Modern warehouses
References

Chapter 7 - Bulk storage

Introduction
Factors influencing the choice of bulk store
Sealed stores
Aeration
Costs of bulk storage
References

Chapter 8 - Insect control

Integrated pest management (IPM) in the control of storage insects


Insect pests of stored grains in hot climates
Chemical control techniques
Alternative and supplementary control measures
References

Chapter 9 - Rodent control

The economic importance of rodent pests


Rodent species of post-harvest importance
Control of rodent pests
Designing control programmes
References

Annex 1 (Reference Chapter 1) - Application of cost-benefit analysis to storage


projects

Annex 2 (Reference Chapter 5) - Organizations involved in research on biomass


residue combustion

Annex 3 (Reference Chapter 4) - Example of calculating the costs of operating


processing machinery

Annex 4 (Reference Chapter 6) - Fumigable warehouses

Annex 5 - GASGA Members

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