REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DIVISION OF CABADBARAN CITY

NORTHERN MINDANAO COLLEGES, INC.

Atega Street, Barangay 11 Poblacion, Cabadbaran City
8605 Agusan del Norte, Region XIII
NON-SECTARIAN
1946

Self-Learning Module for Personal Development

Quarter 1, Week 3

Name : ________________________________________
Grade and Section : ________________________________________
Date : ________________________________________

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will be focusing on the tasks and challenges that you experienced
during your adolescence stage. Adolescence is the period of development that begins at
puberty and ends at emerging adulthood. During puberty stage, there are changes that occur in
the body of a child. It is a natural process that everyone goes through. Remember when you
started to notice the rapid changes in your body? Mostly resulted to your being self-
consciousness and being overly emotional. Sometimes, you would want to be accepted and be
“in”, but at times, you would want to be just left alone. These adjustments are part of
developmental changes during adolescence stage -- the time when a child transitions in terms
of physiology and cognition to fulfil a new role as an emerging adult.
We will walk along with you to discover yourself as you take the journey to the stage of
becoming a responsible individual. Knowledge and understanding to oneself is the key to
overcome the challenges in this period of your life. With guidance, assurance, and a better
understanding of the process, you will have an easier time transitioning yourself in this
extraordinary developmental stage.

Directions for the User

Here are some reminders to guide as you go through this module:

1. Understand and follow the instructions carefully.

2. Accomplish the pretest to identify your preparedness about the lesson in this module.
3. Be honest in answering and checking your activity.
4. Read each lesson and do activities provided for you.
5. Demonstrate the activities to guide you in comprehending the lessons
6. Answer the posttest measure how much you have gained from the topics.

Pretest
Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blanks
provided.
Column A (Stages) Column B (Conflict)
_______ 1. Infancy a. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
_______ 2. Early Childhood b. Trust vs. Mistrust
_______ 3. Late Childhood c. Generativity vs. Stagnation
_______ 4. School Age d. Intimacy vs. Isolation
_______ 5. Adolescence e. Industry vs. Inferiority
_______ 6. Young Adulthood f. Initiative vs. Guilt
_______ 7. Adulthood g. Identity vs. Role Confusion

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 Objectives and Competencies
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. discuss developmental tasks and challenges being experienced during
adolescence

Procedure/Learning Experience
A. ENGAGE: Activity 1: Fill me in…
Instructions: Read and express your thoughts, feelings, and ideas on the following situations.

Processing Questions:
1. What kind of adolescent did the two students portray in the two situations?
2. What challenges did John and Erica experience?
3. What challenges do Filipino adolescents face most?

B. EXPLORE: Activity 2: Remember the past…

Direction: The following illustrations a boy and a girl adolescent. Let one represent you and
recall the challenges you have experienced during your adolescence stage. Write your answers
inside the box below.

Processing Questions:
1. What were the most difficult challenges you have encountered?
2. How were you able to overcome these challenges?

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3. How did these challenges help you to be a better person? How do you think this would
prepare you to your adulthood?

C. EXPLAIN: Lesson 3. Developmental Task and Challenges of Adolescence

Adolescence is defined as the period between the normal onset of puberty and the
beginning of adulthood. In the Oxford English Dictionary, it was derived from; late Middle
English (as a noun): via French from Latin adolescent- ‘coming to maturity’, from adolescere,
from ad- ‘to’ + alescere ‘grow, grow up’, from alere ‘nourish’. The adjective dates from the late
18th century.”
The transition period between childhood and early adulthood is quite difficult. This is the
most crucial stage because this is the time when teens start defining themselves. Remember,
however, that each adolescent’s experiences, individual changes, and growth vary.
Adolescence is a stage in a young person’s life in which they move from dependency on
their parents to independence, autonomy, and maturity. The young person begins to move from
the family as their major social system to his/her peers as a more appealing social group that
might influence his/her adulthood and independence.
Undeniably, biological, cognitive, psychological, social, moral, and spiritual changes
could be both exciting and daunting for these may affect one’s independence and perspectives
in life. Consequently, oftentimes, it is the members of the family who take notice of these
changes in patterns and behaviors. Here is the list of the most common challenges that
adolescents experience:

Biological Challenges
Adolescence begins with the first well-defined maturation event called puberty. Included
in the biological challenges are the changes that occur due to the release of the sexual
hormones that affect emotions. Mood changes can increase which can have an impact on
relationships both at home with parents and siblings and peers at school.

Cognitive Challenges
Piaget, in his Theory of Social Development, believed that adolescence is the time when
young people develop cognitively from “concrete operations” to “formal operations”, so they are
able to deal with ideas, concepts, and abstract theories. It takes time to develop confidence
using these newly acquired skills, and they may make mistakes in judgment. Learning through
success and failure is part of the learning process for the adolescent.
Adolescents are egocentric. They can become self-conscious thinking they are being
watched by others, and at other times they behave as if they were on a center stage and
perform for a non-existent audience. For example, acting like a music idol, singing their favorites
songs in their room with all the accompanying dance steps.

Psychological Challenges

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 The notable psychological challenge that the adolescent must cope with is moving from
childhood to adulthood. A new person is emerging, thus, rules will change, and more
responsibilities will be placed on him/her, so a certain standard of behavior is now required to be
maintained. Accountability is becoming an expectation from both parental and legal concepts.
As adolescents continue their journey of self-discovery, they continually adjust to new
experiences, even biologically and socially. This can be both stressful and anxiety-provoking. It,
therefore, is not surprising that adolescents can have a decreased tolerance for change; hence,
it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to modulate their behaviors which are sometimes
displayed by inappropriate mood swings and angry outbursts.

Health Issues of adolescence:

• Eating Disorders
An eating disorder describe illness that are characterized by irregular eating habits and
severe distress or concern about body weight or shape. Eating disturbances may include
inadequate or excessive food intake which can ultimately damage an individual’s well-being.
The most common forms of eating disorders are the following.

Types of Eating Disorders:

1. Anorexia Nervosa
Teenagers with anorexia may take extreme measures to avoid eating and to control the
quantity and quality of the foods they eat. They may become abnormally thin and still talk about
feeling fat. They typically continue to strict diet even at very unhealthy weights because they
have a distorted image of their body.
2. Bulimia Nervosa
Teenagers with bulimia nervosa typically ‘binge and purge’ by engaging in uncontrollable
episodes of overeating (bingeing) usually followed by compensatory behavior such as: purging
through vomiting, use of laxatives, enemas, fasting, or excessive exercise. Eating binges may
occur as often as several times a day but are most common in the evening and night hours.

Mental Health Disorder

• Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of
anxiety and fear. Anxiety is a worry about future events, and fear is a reaction to current events.
These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness.

• Mood Disorders
The development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable
stressors that occur within 3 months of the onset of the stressors. Here, low mood, tearfulness,
or feelings of hopelessness are predominant.

• Major Depressive Disorder (MDD):

A period of at least 2 weeks during which there is either depressed mood or the loss of
interest or pleasure in nearly all activities. In children and adolescents, the mood may be
irritable rather than sad.

• Bipolar Disorder:
A period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and
abnormally and persistency increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and
present most of the day, nearly every day, or that requires hospitalization.

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Definitions of the symptom complex known as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) differ, but severe problems with concentration or attention and/or hyperactivity are
estimated to affect adolescents. Six times as many boys as girls are affected.

• School phobia
School phobia, also called school refusal, is defined as a persistent and irrational fear of
going to school. It must be distinguished from a mere dislike of school that is related to issues
such as a new teacher, a difficult examination, the class bully, lack of confidence, or having to
undress for a gym class. The phobic adolescent shows an irrational fear of school and may
show marked anxiety symptoms when in or near the school.
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 • Learning disabilities
Learning abilities encompasses disorders that affect the way individuals with normal or
above normal intelligence receive, store, organize, retrieve, and use information. Problems
included dyslexia and other specific learning problems involving reading, spelling, writing,
reasoning, and mathematics. Undiagnosed learning disabilities are a common but manageable
cause of young people deciding to leave school at the earliest opportunity.

Social Issues
• Sexual Abuse
Sexual abuse is a sexual behavior, or a sexual act forced upon a woman, man, or child
without their consent. Sexual abuse includes abuse by another man, woman, or child. Sexual
abuse in childhood may result in problems of depression and low self-esteem, as well as in
sexual difficulties, either avoidance of sexual contact or, on the other hand, promiscuity or
prostitution. Sexual abuse in children is regarded by the World Health Organization (WHO) as
one of the major public health problems.

• Substance Abuse
Many communities are plagued with problems of substance abuse among youth. Some
children start smoking or chewing tobacco at an early age, aided by easy access to tobacco
products. Many of our youth, with limited supervision or few positive alternatives, drink too much
beer and liquor. Other youth, influenced by their peers, use other illegal drugs. Our youth suffer
from substance abuse in familiar ways: diminished health, compromised school performance,
and reduced opportunities for development. Our communities also bear a heavy burden for
adolescent substance abuse.

• Influence of Mass Media

Adolescents spend a significant amount of time in viewing and interacting with electronic
devices in the form of TV, radio, cellphone, and computers. Mass media activate and reinforce
attitude and contribute significantly in the formation of new attitudes and will continue to affect
children's cognitive and social development.

• Impact of Social Media

Social media is a constant part of our lives: we are bombarded by alerts from Facebook,
Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram from the time we wake up to the time we go to sleep. This
constant noise is associated with negative mental health outcomes in younger generations who
have grown up with the chatter. This constant noise is associated with negative mental health
outcomes in younger generations who have grown up with the chatter. In an article by Dr.
Shamard Charles (2012), he summarized that “recent studies have shown that more social
media use is associated with increased reported symptoms of social anxiety, social isolation,
and feelings of loneliness.” Another effect of social media is an intense feeling of isolation. It is
easy to think that checking on what friends are posting on Facebook will lead to a greater sense
of connectedness, but studies have shown that it’s actually the opposite.

Developmental Tasks
In the eight stages of Psychosocial Developmental Theory of Erik Erikson, Identity vs.
Role Confusion (this stage is the age between 12 to 18 years old) explains that adolescents
would try to explore and figure out their own identity and try to fit in with social interactions at the
same time. According to Erikson, an adolescent’s main task is developing a sense of self.
Adolescents struggle with questions “Who am I?” and “What do I want to do with my life?” Most
of the adolescents try to explore various roles and ideas and look for a place where they can fit,
set goals, and attempt to discover themselves.

As an adolescent who is entering the stage of adulthood, you are responsible for your
own being. Accepting yourself and ensuring your body’s physical health help you build stronger
personality and sense of identity. Likewise, building a strong relationship with your family and
showing affection and respect to others can improve interactions with them. Establishing social
responsibility, moreover, develops personal and moral values to guide you on how to react to
social issues.

Entering adulthood is undeniably a big challenge. At this stage of your life, your family,
your school, and your community contribute to prepare you in this life- changing task. You
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should, in turn, need to be emotionally prepared since you would need to choose people whom
you think would help you fulfill these tasks in order for you to reach you goals in life.

D. ELABORATE: Activity 3: Conflict Management Diagram…

Directions: Read and analyze the situations carefully.

Activity 4: Self-Assessment…
Direction: Asses yourself if by rating yourself according to the following scale. Check the
appropriate column that corresponds to your answer.
5- always 4-often 3-sometimes 2-seldom 1-never

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 Post Test
Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read and Answer the following
1. The three challenges of Adolescence.
a.
b.
c.
2. Give at least three social issues discussed above.
a.
b.
c.
3. Briefly discuss the Mental Health Disorders.

4. Explain: “Challenges help us to face the reality”

References:

DepEd Region 4A-CALABARZON. (2020) Personal Development. Vibal Group, Inc.,

Department of Education-CALABARZON

Ricardo Rubio Santo. (2016) Personal Development. Rex Book Store, Inc.

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 Answer Key PERDEV WEEK 3

Pre-test
1. b
2. a
3. f
4. e
5. g
6. d
7. c

Activity 1:
Answers may vary

Activity 2:
Explanations/Answers may vary

Activity 3:
Answers may vary

Activity 4:
Answers may vary

Post Test:
1. 2.
a. Early Adolescence a. sexual/substance abuse
b. Middle Adolescence b. Influence of mass media
c. Late Adolescence c. Impact of social media

3. Answers may vary

4. Answers may vary

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Answer Key PERDEV WEEK 3

Pre-test
1. b
2. a
3. f
4. e
5. g
6. d
7. c

Activity 1:
Answers may vary

Activity 2:
Explanations/Answers may vary

Activity 3:
Answers may vary

Activity 4:
Answers may vary

Post Test:
1.
a. Early Adolescence
b. Middle Adolescence
c. Late Adolescence

2.
a. sexual/substance abuse
b. Influence of mass media
c. Impact of social media

3. Answers may vary

4. Answers may vary

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