Elesson 10 Bio 14may

BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PITAMPURA, DELHI – 110034
CLASS X SUBJECT- BIOLOGY
CHAPTER: LIFE PROCESSES
TOPIC: TRANSPORTATION IN HUMAN BEINGS
Guidelines:
Dear Students,
 Refer to the following content of the chapter.
 These notes will help you understand the concept of the lesson and complete the
assignment that follows which will be graded on submission.
 Do the assignment in the Biology notebook.
 Link for the book: http://ncertbooks.prashanthellina.com/10_Science.html
Human Heart:
The heart is a muscular organ.
Location: The heart is located under the rib cage -- 2/3 of it is to the left of your
breastbone (sternum) -- and between your lungs and above the diaphragm.
 It is about the size of a closed fist, weighs about 10.5 ounces and is cone-shaped.
It is covered by a membrane termed the pericardium.
 The normal heart anatomy is a hollow organ that is four-chambered. It is
divided into the left and right chambers by a muscular wall called the septum.
 The right and left sides of the heart are further divided into two top chambers
called the atria (also termed the right and left atrium), which receive blood and
then pump it into the two bottom chambers called ventricles, which pump blood
to the lungs and to the body.
NOTE: RIGHT CHAMBERS OF THE HEART TRANSPORT DEOXYGENATED
BLOOD (from body parts to the lungs) WHILE THE LEFT CHAMBERS
TRANSPORT OXYGENATED BLOOD (from the lungs to the body parts)
Kindly refer to the link shared below for better understanding of the Human
Heart and its functioning. It will enable you to experience the process visually.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMBSU-2GK3E
Circulation of Blood:
 The right atrium receives blood from the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava and
then pumps it to the right ventricle.
 The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium (through the tricuspid
valve) and pumps it to the lungs, where it is loaded with oxygen.
 The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left
ventricle.
 The left ventricle (the strongest chamber) pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of
the body through the main artery called AORTA. The vigorous contractions of the
left ventricle create our blood pressure.
Human Heart
Flow Chart showing Double Circulation of Blood

Double Circulation:
It is a unique feature of human beings as blood flows twice through the heart, once
through the right chambers as deoxygenated blood and then as oxygenated blood
through the left chambers of the heart . It involves systemic and pulmonary circulation.
Systemic Circulation
Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the tissue
capillaries present in our different body parts.
 The oxygen-rich blood is transferred to the aorta for circulating into various
parts of the body.
 Later, the veins and venules collect the deoxygenated blood – which is rich in
carbon dioxide from various parts of the body.
 The deoxygenated blood is pumped back into the superior vena cava and then to
the right atrium.
 Once after receiving the deoxygenated blood, the right atrium carries blood to
the right ventricle for pulmonary circulation.
Pulmonary Circulation
In the pulmonary circulation, the circulation of deoxygenated blood starts from the
heart to the lungs and back. In this pathway:
 The pulmonary artery collects blood from the right ventricle and carries to lungs
for oxygenation.
 Once after the purification process, the oxygenated blood is pumped back to the
left atrium through the pulmonary vein which is carried to the left ventricles.
 The left ventricles pump the oxygenated blood to the aorta for systemic
circulation.
Schematic Representation of Double Circulation in Human Beings.
Advantages of Double Circulation:

Double circulation supports a strict separation of both oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood. Therefore, this circulation ensures that the body always has a dedicated supply of
oxygen and also, it improves body efficiency. This is also one of the reasons why
mammals can maintain their body temperatures and are said to be warm blooded.
All birds and mammals are warm blooded while all fishes, amphibians and reptiles
are cold blooded as they change their body temperature according to the surroundings.
Kindly refer to the link shared below for better understanding of double
circulation in Human Heart. It will enable you to experience the process visually.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWsppqBQplY
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the force created by blood circulation through the circulatory
system. It is measured with the help of an instrument called SPHYGMANOMETER. The
average blood pressure of an adult human is 120/80 mm of Hg.
Pulse
It is the throbbing that we feel at our wrists due to the pumping action of the heart. The
number of times we feel our pulse in a minute is called Pulse Rate .The average pulse
rate of an adult human is 72 times / minute.
Key Words:
Heart Atrium Ventricle Double Circulation

Aorta Vena Cava Pulse Blood pressure
ASSIGNMENT:
Q1. Label the parts of human heart in the given diagram:
Q2. With the help of a flow diagram show the process of double circulation in human
beings.
Q3. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in human
beings and birds?
Q4. Write any 5 facts related to human heart.
Q5. Search and mention any two common diseases of heart.

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BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PITAMPURA, DELHI – 110034

CLASS X SUBJECT- BIOLOGY

CHAPTER: LIFE PROCESSES

TOPIC: TRANSPORTATION IN HUMAN BEINGS

Flow Chart showing Double Circulation of Blood

Schematic Representation of Double Circulation in Human Beings.

Advantages of Double Circulation:

Heart Atrium Ventricle Double Circulation

Q1. Label the parts of human heart in the given diagram:

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