FACULTY OF

ELECTRONIC AND
COMPUTER
ENGINEERING
BENU 3863
INTEGRATED
DESIGN PROJECT

FINAL REPORT

TITLE:

IoT Based SMART HOME SYSTEMS

ADVISOR:
DR. MOHAMAD HARRIS BIN MISRAN
STUDENTS:
No Name Section / Matrix No.
Course
1. IQBAL HAZIQ BIN AZMI 3 BENG S3 B021710033
2. MUHAMMAD ARIF AFFANDI 3 BENG S3 B021710018
BIN MUKHTAR AFFANDI
3. NUR AIDILLA BINTI MOHD 3 BENG S3 B021710019
SAIFULIZAM

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 ABSTRACT

Smart home systems are rising technology that would bring comfort and security to everyone daily
lives. Many homes in different part of world feature older designs that may not be suitable for
smart home concept. Even though, this day the manual system still being used by most user but
the smart home systems can be solving our cost of wasting the electricity and money. Besides, to
operate manually using socket and switch, it will become very difficult for elderly or physically
handicapped people to operate them. The purpose of this project is to help users and reduce the
power usage consumption by developing an application on smartphone to control various electrical
devices by using Internet of Thing (IoT) platform. Nowadays, technologies are advancing very
fast, excessive use of power consumption will result in very expensive bill. The idea of designing
this smart home system is starting from human that waste into electricity like always forgot to
switch of the appliances. The lack of application in control appliances remotely. Currently, the
smart home implementation is complicated for general usage. The objectives of this smart home
system is to control multiple operation at home remotely using smartphone. Besides, it also to
design the application mobility and comfortable to use develop the device compatible with IoT.
This project is focusing on normal home to smart home that can be control from everywhere in the
world. The methodology used to help produce a successful project and the next generation to
achieve the objective of this project. The results were obtained for the implementation of the
project ‘IoT based Smart Home System’.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In the present world of competition, there is a race of existence in which those are having the will
to come forward to succeed. Project is like a bridge between theoretical and practical working.
With this willing, we joined this particular project. First of all, we would like to thank the supreme
power the Almighty God who is obviously the one has always guided us to work on the right path
of life. Without his grace, this project could not become reality. Next to him are our parents, whom
we greatly indebted for us brought up with love and encouragement to this stage. We are feeling
oblige in taking the opportunity to sincerely thanks to Dr. Mohamad Harris bin Misran as our
supervisor in this project whose help, suggestions and encouragement also helped us to coordinate
our project. At last but not least we are thankful to all lecturers and friends who have been always
helping and encouraging us throughout this semester even though we are currently facing
unprecedented situation due to covid-19. We have no valuable words to express our thanks, but
our heart is still full of the favors received from every person. Lastly, we would like to appreciate
the guidance given by another supervisor as well as the panels especially in our project presentation
that has been improved our presentation skills by their comments and tips.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………................
1.1 Background page 6
1.2 Problem Statement page 7
1.3 Objectives page 7
1.4 Scope page 8 - 9
1.5 Project Structure page 10
1.6 Project Management
1.6.1 Organization of the project page 11 - 12
1.6.2 Project Planning Chart page 13 - 14
1.6.3 Project Milestone page 15
CHAPTER 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………....
BACKGROUNG RESEARCH ……...…………………………………………….............
2.1 Introduction page 17 - 19
2.2 Existing System in the Market page 20 - 23
2.3 Financial Consideration page 24 - 25
CHAPTER 3 ………………………………………………………………………………………
TECHNICAL DESIGN …………………………………….......………………………….
3.1 Methodology page 27 - 28
3.1.1 Draft Design page 29 - 30
3.1.2 Component Used page 31 - 33
3.1.3 Circuit Design page 34
3.1.4 Software Design page 35 - 36
3.1.5 Hardware Design page 37
3.1.6 Software & Hardware Development page 38 - 46
3.1.6.1 Software Development page 38 - 42
3.1.6.1.1 Arduino with WiFi Module page 38
3.1.6.1.2 IFTTT page 39 - 40
3.1.6.1.3 BLYNK Platform page 41 - 42
3.1.6.2 Hardware Development page 43 - 39
3.1.6.2.1 NodeMCU ESP8266 page 43
3.1.6.2.2 4 Channel Arduino Relay Module page 44 - 45
3.1.6.2.3 Google Home API page 46
3.1.7 Prototype Design page 47
3.1.8 Prototype Testing page 48
3.2 Result and Analysis page 49 - 59

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CHAPTER 4 ………………………………………………………………………………………
ENVIROMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY page 61
CHAPTER 5 ………………………....……………………………………………………………
HEALTH AND SAFETY page 63
CHAPTER 6 ………………………………………………………………………………………
CONCLUSION page 65
FUTURE RECOMMENDATION page 65
CHAPTER 7 …………………………………………………………………………………......
REFERENCES page 66

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

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1.1 BACKGROUND

A smart home is a residence that uses of internet connected devices to enable the remote
monitoring and control of appliances and systems. Smart Home System via Internet of Things
(IoT) is design to control the home appliances from anywhere in world. This system provides
homeowners security, comfort, convenience, energy efficiency and also can help the handicap
using the electricity properly by a smart home application (Blynk) on their smartphone. This
system is connected to Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Software then
transmitted to IoT platform by using Blynk application as a bridge. This system is much useful
because it will send a notification and users also can control anytime and everywhere compared to
the conventional Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). The main purpose of this
project is to control these kind of home appliances such as lamp, fan, air conditioner and auto-
gated. It is consisting of two systems which is monitoring and control system by remotely on a
smartphone. Besides, the Google Home API integrated voice command system to google assistant
to execute the command. This system might be use when the users were at home because it very
helpful and easily. This control system is expected to inform users the current situation through
Internet of Things (IoT). This might be an interesting device and helpful product for our targeted.

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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The problem statement of this project is the increasing of power consumption because of the
technologies are very advancing and smart so that all the appliances need the high power voltage
to operate, then users are always forgot to switch off after used. Then, another problem is for
elderly or physically handicapped that is very hard for them to operate manually using socket and
switch. The lack of application in control appliances remotely. Currently, the smart home
implementation is complicated for general usage.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this project is as follows:

I. To control multiple operations at home remotely using smartphone.

II. To control multiple operations at home remotely using voice command.
III. To integrate multimedia ecosystem with IoT based smart home system.
IV. To design the application mobility and comfortable to use develop the device compatible
with IoT.

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1.4 SCOPE

FLOWCHART 1.1: SHOW THE SCOPE OF WORK

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 This scoped of this project has been identified. It can be used as a guideline to conduct this
project in order to complete in a time given. Basically, this project focused on identifying the
components and materials. In the process of identifying the components and materials going to
use, this both had to be order and ensure its ready in stock. Besides, this project was consisting of
two systems which are monitoring system and control system.

These systems used to control and monitoring the home appliances by remotely on a
smartphone. The Software Development that consist, Arduino Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) Software. It is to program the usage of smart socket and auto-gate
functionality.

Next, Google Home API integrated voice command system to google assistant to execute the
command. For the hardware Development, a smart bulb is an IoT enable LED light bulb that allows
lighting to be customized, scheduled and controlled remotely. The brightness also can be control
as well as RGB color. Then, a 12V DC motor, it is connected to IDE for enable auto-gate
functionality by using smartphone and voice command. IoT platform is for enable this project
connected to the internet for using all the functionality without requiring human-to-human or
human-to-computer interaction.

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1.5 PROJECT STRUCTURE
The project report is divided into 6 main chapters that are introduction, literature review,
technical design, environment and sustainability, health and safety, conclusion and references.

The first chapter is the introduction of the project which is including the background of project,
problem statement, objective, scope of the project and project management. Next, the second
chapter are involved with the literature review. In the beginning of this chapter it covers all the
important literature review of IoT based smart home systems that related to the project.

All the information related to the systems and hardware as mentioned above are briefly
explained in Chapter 2. Literature review based on the natural IoT Smart Home Systems done by
other research are explained. References articles, news and information obtained from official
website are used in order to understand the concept of the system. Then, the methodology of the
project is explained in chapter 3 which include the technical design of the hardware, electronic
components used in the project, coding that we run and software that we used to control the system.
Meanwhile, Chapter 4 including the results and discussion of the project. Project management,
financial consideration, environment and sustainability, health and safety are explained. Finally,
conclusion and recommendation of the project are listed and the Chapter 5.

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 1.5 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

1.5.1 ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT

PROJECT SUPERVISOR
DR. MOHAMAD HARRIS BIN MISRAN

PROJECT LEADER
IQBAL HAZIQ BIN AZMI

TECHNICAL DESIGNER SECRETARY AND FINANCIAL

MUHAMMAD ARIF AFFANDI BIN PLANNER
MUKHTAR AFFANDI NUR AIDILLA BINTI MOHD SAIFULIZAM

FIGURE 1.1 ORGANIZATION CHART

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 Figure 1.1 shows that the chart organization chart of the project. There are 4 level of
organization such as project supervisor,project leader, software engineer and product engineer. As
a project supervisor, Dr Harris was guide and assist his employees during the period of the project.
He also ensuring that the employess were clearly understand their duties. He also gives some
opinion and suggestion during the meeting session or discussion. The project leader of this project
is Iqbal Haziq Bin Azmi. Project leader is responsible to plan a successful project and responsible
to make sure all of the team member understand and doing their job very well. Next, the project
design is handled by Muhammad Arif Affandi Bin Mukhtar Affandi. It is referring to the project
activities that take place once completing the detailed design to create high quality product. Then,
the secretary and financial planner is Nur Aidilla Binti Mohd Saifulizam. The position for financial
planner who are examine and assist the cash flow during the project. She also works as
administrative support in the team and help preparing the project. She helps in suggesting the best
strategies to expand the money.

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1.5.2 PROJECT PLANNING CHART
Each project is carried out with precautions while performing the implementation process should
be done so that the project would not have any problems. Schedule of the activities formed for the
project before is implemented in the form of Gantt chart as shown below.

A.
PROJECT PLANNING (GANTT CHART)

INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT

SEM 6

Aktiviti Projek
Project Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Group discussion X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Internet & library search X X

Preparation of proposal X X

Consultation X X X X X X
Submission of proposal X
Preparation of report 1 X X X X

Laboratory experiment X X X

Data analysis X X X X
Run and testing coding X X X X X
System Testing X X X X
Preparation of report 2 X X X X
Submission of progress X
report
IDP seminar X
Submission of project X
report
Mark “X” on the Gantt chart for the expected milestones
TABLE 1.1: PROJECT PLANNING OF THE IOT BASED SMART HOME SYSTEMS

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 Based on the Table 1.1, project briefing was conducted at the first week where the scope
and requirements for this project is defined. The overview and goals of the project is briefly
explained among members for better understanding on the project system. The overview and goals
of the project is briefly explained among the members so that a better understanding on the project
can be achieved. We also use a lot of media social as our meeting platform such as whatsapp video
call and teams. Group discussion is completely done among the team members starting from week
2 until week 14 where the organization of the team is formed. Other than that, information and
tasks given were gathered and discussed among the members during group discussion session. All
the important agenda which included discussion, action and person in charge were recorded in the
logbook. Logbook is being prepared by individual. Minutes of meeting were prepared during the
group activities.

In week 1 until 2, we do some library and internet research on components used for
preparation proposal. During week 3, the proposal of IoT based Smart Home Systems has been
submitted and we start prepared the report 1.

Next, project activity involved the preparation of technical design which are constructed
hardware and circuit assembled were done during week 4 to week 7. In addition, run and test
coding was conducted starting from week 7 to week 9. Problem faced in the coding were
discussed among the group members. We start our system testing from week 8 to week 11 since
we do a lot on coding and simple circuit design.

In week 10 to week 14, technical report writing was carried out. The technical reports of
the project were prepared and completed in given time. Next, presentation of the project was
organized on week 15. Slide presentation and prototype were presented in front of panels. Question
and answer session were carried out where panels asked question based on the project. Lastly, the
project included technical report and logbooks of the team members were submitted after the
presentation.

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1.5.2 PROJECT MILESTONE

Milestones are goals and basic rule to apply to the project which helps to coordinate
the team's effort to complete the project. Besides, a milestone also can create a sense of
urgency due to dateline have set. This project is formed in the form of a milestone as shown
in Table below.

Cumulative project
Description Week
completion (in %)

Completion of choosen the right component Week 4 30%

Completion of software and coding Week 6 50%

Completion of an electronic circuit assembly Week 7 60%

Completion of drilling the socket for connected Week 8 70%

to the plug appliances
Completion of testing at appliances Week 10 80%

Completion of trouble-shooting and final testing Week 12 90%

Completion of the project and final report Week 14 100%

TABLE 1.2: MILESTONE OF THE PROJECT

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 CHAPTER 2
BACKGROUND
RESEARCH

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2.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter comprises of the study of research of this system. It includes the history of the
postal system, web-based application, email as connecting mechanism and comparison to the
existing systems. Relevant sources from journal, articles and books are compiled and cited to
complete this literature review.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been a trending field in the world of technology. It has
changed the way of work. Physical objects and the digital world are connected now more than
ever. (Madakam S.,2015) The IoT is a technological revolution that represents the future of
computing and communications and its development depends on dynamic technical invoation in
number of important fields from wireless sensors to nanotechnology.

Regarding the progress of IoT Smart Home System project, the related research will be
discussing briefly in this chapter. Literature review also the main focus in this research project
because to make sure the purpose of this project is clearly understanding. It is included the
NodeMCU ESP8266, 4 Channel Arduino Relay Module and 2 initialize systems.

FIGURE 2.1: SMART HOME SYSTEM

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 Come by with the help of NodeMCU ESP8266, it helps all the user to programed directly
through USB port using Arduino IDE. By simple programming, it can establish a Wi-Fi connection
and define input/output pin. (M L Sharma) developed a system in which a home automation system
was interfaced with Android mobile devices. The mobile device and system communicated with
each other via Wi-Fi.

By Implementing Google Home API as a IoT device, it needs to function independently of

Google Assistant with its own app and cloud service. The Assistant communicates with cloud
service and augments service with voice, allowing user to control device using more natural
interface. It also doesn’t have any kind of public API, so custom functionality can really only be
added through IFTTT. IFTTT is a web-based programming that writing own Assistant application
for Google Home API. (Bostic,2013) These choices of observation distribution in each state of the
model allow accurate modelling of virtually unlimited types of data. The first mass accessible
voice command system was launched by Apple Inc. as they released the virtual assistant named
‘Siri’ in 2011.

FIGURE 2.2: GOOGLE HOME API

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 Through implementing software programming from the web-based, web applications are
dynamic web sites combined with server-side programming which provide functionalities such as
interacting with user, connecting to back-end databased and generating results to browser. For
examples, IFTTT, Blynk Platform and Webhooks. Apart from using this application, promotes
much wider range of help regarding to Internet of Things (IoT) knowledge. Blynk Documentation
conclude that Blynk application depicted that it serves user for IoT as it could assist data from the
Wi-Fi module, store the data or many other interesting things. (Priya 2017) develop Application
Based Device Controlling System The application which has been installed on the smartphone
helps to remotely access devices and thus implement wireless technology.

In the market, smart home systems and device are more impressive and all-encompassing
than ever. There are many smart devices that already compatible or incompatible with the system.
Most good smart home are powered by state of art technology and offer a long list of third-party
integration possibilities. Third-party integration is a digital assistant such as Alexa, Siri and Google
Assistant.

Through implementing digital assistant as a center of a smart home system, there are many
alternative ways to look at some of the smart home device which platform they work with. Some
other smart home devices are:

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2.2 EXISTING SYSTEM IN THE MARKET

There is multiple system that available in the market right now. The list below shows all the
comparison all the system available in the market.

TYPE OF SMART SYSTEM PRICE SPECIFICATION

Amazon Alexa Very • Control via voice
expensive • Alexa Voice
• Product work with the
‘Works with Amazon
Alexa’ label
• High Security
• Media capability

Apple HomeKit Very • Control via voice and

expensive smartphone apps
• Siri Voice
• Product work with
‘Work with HomeKit’
label.
• High security
• Media Capability

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Google Assistant Economical • Control via voice
• Google Voice
• Programmable using
IFTTT
• Product work with All
Apliances
• High security
• Media Capability

Samsung SmartThings Expensive • Control via smartphone

Apps
• Product work with
Samsung device
• Medium Security
• Media Capability

Control4 Expensive • Control via voice and

universal remote
• Product work with All
Apliances
• High Security
• Media Capability
• Install by professional

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Logitech Expensive • Control via Universal
Remote
• Provide its own smart
home products
• Product work with
Smart Appliances and
gadget
• Low Security
• Media Capability

Yonomi Economical • Voice command and

Smartphone Apps
• Voice over Siri, Alexa
and Google
• Programmable using
IFTTT
• Product work with All
Apliances
• Low Security
• Media capability

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 Smart Appliances Very • Smart Speaker :
Expensive Amazon Echo
• Smart Light : Philips
Hue
• Smart Security: Netgear
Arlo Q
• Smart Vacuum :
Ecovacs Deebot
• Smart TV : LG Smart
TV

Through implemented Google Assistant in this project, it may flow with multiple actions, just
controlling device Google Home API which using voice command. It would perform simple
control over multiple devices, say the simple phrase ‘Hey Google, Turn On the light’.
Automatically recognized and configure to work in system and adapt hardware configuration as
Plug and play. Plug and play is a combination of software and hardware support that enables
computer system to recognize. In the meantime, the output will turn on the appliances. The
appliances are an inexpensive way by connected through using 3 pin socket and it become smart
appliances. While there’s a lot of focus on app-connected smart home device these day, the non-
smart appliances are the best way to save the budget because smart appliances devices are very
high cost and not durable.

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2.3 FINANCIAL CONSIDERATION
FKEKK has assigned the budget for student Integrated Design Project (IDP) is RM 350 and below.
So we have to be well-planned for the budget of this project. So, during the MCO we decide to
buy all the components from the online website. Most of the components in this project are taken
from faculty component store and few of the components are brought from the electronic shop.

No Material / Components Quantity Price (RM) / unit Amount (RM)

1. Arduino Iot 4 way Relay 1 15.00 15.00

2. Arduino Breadboard 1 5.60 5.60

3. LoLin V3 NodeMCU ESP8266 1 17.90 17.90

4. Plastic Box 60X120X200MM 1 8.50 8.50

5. Cable mains 40/0.16X3C Gray 2 (meters) 2.50 5.00

6. Adapter Switch Mode 5VDC 1A 1 8.00 8.00

7. DC Jack PCB R/A 2.0MM 1 0.60 0.60

8. 13A Switch Socket 4 4.00 16.00

9. Base Nut Box 1 4.00 4.00

10. Screw ES LampHolder 1 2.50 2.50

11. PVC Connector 1 2.50 5.00

12. 2 Gang Switch Socket 2 12.00 24.00

13. Sandpaper 1 0.50 0.50

14. PVC Moulded Box 1 2.00 2.00

Total (RM) = 114.60

TABLE 1.1: SHOWS THE LIST OF COMPONENTS

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 Based on the Table 1.2 above, the total amount of the components is RM114.60. All the
components had been brought from the electronic shop. So, there are no shipping fees.

No. Component Quantity

1. Relay 6VDC 2

2. UNIVERSAL AC/DC ADAPTER 1

1.5V – 12V/500mA

3. CABLE TIES 1 Roll

TABLE 1.2: SHOWS THE LIST OF COMPONENTS FROM THE STORE

COMPONENT FKEKK

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 CHAPTER 3
TECHNICAL DESIGN

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3.1 METHODOLOGY

This section explains the designing of the smart home system with using Internet of Things (IoT).
There are five steps in the technical design, which is Draft design, Component used in Project,
Software & Hardware Development, Prototype Design and Prototype Testing. The descriptions
starting with flow diagram of the technical design.

FIGURE 3.1 PROJECT PLANNING

Based on flowchart 3.1, there are a few steps that must be followed to complete this project. First
stage is drafting the project by referring the secondary research such as journal, book and website
to develop an idea to start this project. The second steps are to collect the data of the project such
as components needed, data sheet of the electronic components and software knowledge. The third
stage is circuit design. Based on flowchart, the circuit is designed and simulate the circuit using
Arduino software and Blynk as IoT platform. The simulation is connected completely to each of
the components before going to next stage.

27
 Furthermore, the fourth stage is software and hardware development. There are more
software developments, first is develop new coding for new project by using Arduino Software to
allow to turn on and off a wide range of devices for both AC and DC. Second is creating
smartphone application using Blynk platform. This application is to control Arduino over the
internet. Third is using ‘If This Then That (IFTTT) as a middleman that creates chains of simple
conditional statement to trigger the Google Home Mini to Arduino. For the hardware development,
using the socket as an output to connect the lamp, fan, television and media capability. Each of
output are connected to the 4 channel Arduino relay module while Google Home Mini connected
to Arduino board using Arduino Wi-Fi module. Since the circuit using Arduino, Google Home
API and relay as an output as the prototype design process to build a Home Automation System.
Before going to the next stage, make sure there running completely to each component before
going to the prototype testing. If the program can run completely, the system is working the correct
coding and circuit starting either by choosing Blynk application or Google Home API to run the
Arduino board to the output. The result is using push button at Blynk application or Voice at
Google Home API to turn on or turn off the output (Lamp, Fan, Television, USB charger and
media capability such as Youtube, Netflix, Spotify etc).

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3.1.1 DRAFT DESIGN

The purpose of this project is to control and reduce the power usage consumption by developing
an application on smartphone and using voice command on Google Home API via Google
Assistance to control various electrical device by using Internet of Things (IoT) platform with
much faster and accurate. In this project, there are consists of 2 initialize systems which are
Arduino system and Google Home API. It validates any available device ready to be connected.
The system information can be separated into 2 parts, which are:

i. Control system
ii. Internet of Things (IoT) system

FIGURE 3.2: DRAFT DESIGN HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

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 The whole operation can be seen from figure above as the Arduino is the control source
(system) to connect from Initialize system to output. As initialize system will send the signal or
command to the Arduino, the Arduino will activate the relay and will turn on/off the output. On
the IoT system, the initialize systems will be concurrent simultaneously. The Arduino will act as
output for smart home system, Google Home API is used to manage to voice command using
Google Assistance, Blynk Platform is used to manage GUI Application in Smartphone. After that
, coding will be interpreted into Arduino Mega to link the Google Home API and Blynk Apps and
display the functionality and information at the IoT platform.

3.1.2 COMPONENT USED

The Table 3.1 show the list of components that was used during the project.

COMPONENTS QUANTITY
Arduino Mega 1
Wi-Fi Module ESP8266 1
Smartphone 1
Google Home API 1
4 Channel Arduino Relay Module 1
Output
- Fan 1
- Lamp 1
- Television 1
- USB Charger 1

TABLE 3.1: LIST OF COMPONENTS

30
The Table 3.2 will show the specification of the component.

COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION
Arduino Mega Microcontroller ATmega2560
Improved Version Ch340
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 54 (of which 14 provide
PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 16
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 256 KB of which 8 KB used
by bootloader
SRAM 8 KB
EEPROM 4 KB
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Wi-Fi Module ESP8266 NodeMCU Low cost, compact and powerful Wi-Fi
Module
Power Supply: +3.3V only
Current Consumption: 100mA
I/O Voltage: 3.6V (max)
I/O source current: 12mA (max)
Built-in low power 32-bit MCU @ 80MHz
512kB Flash Memory
Can be used as Station or Access Point or
both combined
Supports Deep sleep (<10uA)

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Smartphone Compact and powerful to running the Blynk
Application
Screen
Processor
Connectivity
Operating System
Battery
Ram
Storage
Camera

Google Home API Dimensions: 142.8 x 96.4mm, 477g

Connectivity: Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n/ac
(2.4GHz/5Ghz)
Audio: 2-inch speaker driver, dual 2-inch
passive radiators, dual microphones with
far-field voice recognition
Audio formats: HE-AAC, LC-AAC+, MP3,
WAV, FLAC, Vorbis
Google Assistant: Yes (Always-on/always-
listening/voice-activated)

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4 Channel Arduino Relay Module Input supply 12 VDC @ 170 mA
Output four SPDT relay
Relay specification 5 A @ 230 VAC
Trigger level 2 ~ 5 VDC
Berg pins for connecting power and trigger
voltage
LED on each channel indicates relay status
Power Battery Terminal (PBT) for easy
relay output and aux power connection
Four mounting holes of 3.2 mm each
PCB dimensions 88 mm x 68 mm

TABLE 3.2: LIST OF HARDWARE SPCIFICATION

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3.1.3 CIRCUIT DESIGN

The project starts by designing the circuit. It necessary to design an Arduino circuit part to control
the relay when initialize system initiate either push button or voice assistant. Figure below is whole
circuit design Home Automation.

FIGURE 3.3: CIRCUIT DESIGN ON PROTEUS SOFTWARE

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3.1.4 SOFTWARE DESIGN

FIGURE 3.4: SOFTWARE FLOWCHART

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The figure 3.4 shows the software flowchart for this system. First of all, Arduino and Google Home
will initialize and device will available connected. The system was controlled by using Application
in Smartphone and Voice command via Google Home API. Both application will control the
appliances such as light, fan and monitor. When the system is properly connected it will execute
all the command to Arduino and each of the appliances will generate functionally. For the media
control if the connection were in good condition it will complex the command and directly execute
the command to the Google Home API. When all the system in idle state it will return to the
beginning which is at the starting phase of the system.

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3.1.5 HARDWARE DESIGN

FIGURE 3.5: HARDWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM

The figure 3.5 show that the hardware block diagram of IoT based Smart Home Systems. The
Arduino block will have connected with Google Home API and will contact directly to media
control including complex command. The WIFI MODULE function is to give access to the WiFi
network so the pin from the Arduino that connect with 4-way relay that is include the appliances
such as fan, charger, monitor and led light. In addition, to connect this system from the smartphone
by using BLYNK application and voice command.

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3.1.6 SOFTWARE & HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT

3.1.6.1 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

3.1.6.1.1 ARDUINO WITH WIFI MODULE

Arduino is a computer platform that an open-source electronic platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software. Arduino board are able to read inputs such as light on a sensor, a finger on
button, or message from other phone and turn it into an output. In this project, the usage of Arduino
has been minimized because need to supply the voltage of WiFi module. The figure below is the
coding for Internet of Things which are WiFi module (ESP8266 NodeMCU) and Blynk
Applications.

FIGURE 3.6: ARDUINO CODING

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3.1.6.1.2 IFTTT (IF THIS THEN THAT)

IFTTT is a freeware web-based service that creates chains of simple conditional statements, called
applets. An applet is triggered by changes that occur within other web services. IFTTT is easier to
used because of user-friendly and already combine with Webhook. Webhook is a way for an
application to provide other applications with real-time information. A Webhook delivers data to
other applications immediately. In this project, IFTTT used to creates the simple command to
triggered by saying ‘Okay Google’ to the Google Assistant at Google Home API such as turn ‘ON’
or ‘OFF’ the screen for instance switching. Next, Webhook will make web request to a publicly
accessibly URL. For example, URL, htttp://100.10.100 which is IP address then follow up with
the configuration of the Arduino Wi-Fi module and the Arduino pin output. The figures below
show on how to implement IFTTT to the project.

FIGURE 3.7: IFTTT PLATFORM

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FIGURE 3.8: CREATING THE COMMAND FOR SWITCH ‘ON’

FIGURE 3.9: CREATING COMMAND FOR SWITCH ‘OFF’

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3.1.6.1.3 BLYNK PLATFORM

Blynk is a platform with smartphone applications to control Arduino over the Internet. It’s a digital
dashboard where it can build a graphic interface for the project by simply dragging and dropping
widget. In this project, Blynk application is the second initialize system that use by pressed the
button switch ‘ON’ or ‘OFF’. The steps to create the Blynk platform are firstly installed the Blynk
application at the Google Play Store or Apple Store. Then, create the switch button for each output.
Next step, go to setting to change the output pin based on Arduino pin board. The figure shows
how the Blynk Application work in the project.

FIGURE 3.10: CREATING THE SWITCH BUTTON FOR EACH OUTPUT

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FIGURE 3.11: SETTING BUTTON TO SYNCHRONIZE WITH ARDUINO PIN OUT.

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3.1.6.2 HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT

3.1.6.2.1 NODEMCU ESP8266

NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and development kit that help to prototype or build IoT
products. It includes firmware that run on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems and
hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module. It is based on the eLua project and built on the
Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. A capable little device that enable to explore computing.
Built-in low power 32-bit MCU @ 80MHz and 512kB Flash Memory. Can be used as Station or
Access Point or both combined. It also supports Deep sleep (<10uA). The figure 3.9 show the
configuration of GPIO pin and the place of each GPIO pins.

FIGURE 3.12: GPIO PIN CONFIGURATION

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3.1.4.2.2 4 CHANNEL ARDUINO RELAY MODULE

This relay module allows to combine the processing power of the Arduino to device that use higher
current and voltage. It does so by providing four relays that are rated for 7A at either 28 VDC or
10A at 125VAC. Each relay has a Normally Open (NO) and a Normally Closed (NC) contact. In
the relay module input, the module is supplied with power via the pin VCC and ground via the pin
GND. The relays are energized with low input to the IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN4 inputs.

FIGURE 3.13: RELAY MODULE INPUT

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At the relay module output, there are four relays that each provide dry contact outputs. That relay
provides a common (COM), Normally Open (NO) and Normally Closed (NC) terminal.

FIGURE 3.14: RELAY MODULE OUTPUT

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3.1.6.2.3 GOOGLE HOME API

Google Home API is a smart speaker and Smart TV from Google. It’s given access to all those
Assistant-powered features, so it’s smart home control device, it’s an entertainer and a plaything,
it’s a quiz master, a reference tool and so much more. It’s compatible with numerous smart home
devices that which is constantly growing. It also works with media capability such as Spotify,
Youtube, Netflix as well as multitude of other audio and video services.

FIGURE 3.15: MEDIA CAPABILITY FOR GOOGLE HOME API

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3.1.7 PROTOTYPE DESIGN

In order to maintain the sustainability of the project, build the prototype to demonstrate the product
and give easier understanding for other about the project. All the components and connections are
placed in correct position and tested before the next action proceed. The prototype of this project
is similarly as main switch box as show at figure below.

FIGURE 3.16: INSIDE THE PROTOTYPE SYSTEM

FIGURE 3.17: PROTOTYPE SIMILAR AS MAIN SWITCH BOX

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3.1.8 PROTOTYPE TESTING

After design the prototype, the prototype tested with two categories which are range distance,
command. The prototype tested that the voice range between 0m to 5m while smartphone
application is by far larger range because of the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT). Next,
the commands show the output will turn ‘ON’ or ‘OFF’ by pressed the button on smartphone or
assist by google assistant on Google Home API. All the results of test project are shown at table
result.

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3.2 RESULT AND ANALISYS

In this section, all the result of testing the prototype are recorded. The table below shows the results
of Google Home API and Blynk Smartphone Application. The first part is testing the connection
range distance within input and output. Next, second part which based on the objective where
testing voice command used on the Google Home API. The third part is testing operation on the
smartphone which using Blynk Application to operate the system. The last part is testing the
multimedia capability on the screen.

PART 1: TESTING CONNECTION RANGE DISTANCE

Testing Connection Result on Google Home API via WiFi

No Result
Range Distance Command Status
1 1 cm ON/OFF
2 5 cm ON/OFF
3 50 cm ON/OFF
4 100 cm ON/OFF
5 200 cm ON/OFF
6 500 cm ON/OFF
7 1000 cm ON/OFF
8 2000 cm ON/OFF
9 5000 cm ON/OFF

TABLE 3.3: TESTING CONNECTION RESULT ON GOOGLE HOME API

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 Testing Connection Result on Google Home API via WiFi
No Result
Range Distance Command Status
1 1 cm ON/OFF
2 5 cm ON/OFF
3 50 cm ON/OFF
4 100 cm ON/OFF
5 200 cm ON/OFF with voice delay
6 500 cm ON/OFF with voice delay
7 600 cm No detection

TABLE 3.4: TESTING CONNECTION RESULT ON GOOGLE HOME API

Testing Result on Blynk Application via WiFi

No Result
Range Distance Command Status
1 0.5 m ON/OFF
2 1m ON/OFF
3 10 m ON/OFF
4 100 m ON/OFF
5 500 m ON/OFF
6 1 km ON/OFF
7 5 km ON/OFF

TABLE 3.5: TESTING RESULT ON SMARTPHONE APPLICATION

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 Testing Result on Blynk Application via Mobile Data
No Result
Range Distance Command Status
1 0.5 m ON/OFF
2 1m ON/OFF
3 10 m ON/OFF
4 100 m ON/OFF
5 500 m ON/OFF
6 1 km ON/OFF
7 5 km ON/OFF

TABLE 3.6: TESTING RESULT ON SMARTPHONE APPLICATION

PART 2: TESTING VOICE COMMAND ON GOOGLE HOME API

Testing Basic Voice Command Result on Google Home API

No Result
Voice Command Output Status
1 “OK, Google” “Ready to accept command”
2 “Hey, Google” “Ready to accept command”
“OK, Turning ON the light”

“Turn ON the light”

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 “OK, Turning ON the fan”

“Turn ON the fan”

“OK, Turning ON the charger”

“Turn ON the charger”

“Turn ON the Samsung” “OK, Turning ON the monitor”

“OK, Turning OFF the light”

“Turn OFF the light”

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 “OK, Turning OFF the fan”

“Turn OFF the fan”

“OK, Turning OFF the charger”

“Turn OFF the charger”

“OK, Turning OFF the monitor”

“Turn OFF the samsung”

10

TABLE 3.7: TESTING VOICE COMMAND RESULT ON GOOGLE HOME API ON

SMART HOME SYSTEM

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 Testing Complex Voice Command Result on Google Home API
No Result
Voice Command Output Status
1 “OK, Google” “Ready to accept command”
2 “Hey, Google” “Ready to accept command”
3 “What is the weather “Weather forecast in Durian Tunggal is ...”
today?”
4 “Whats on my calander” “Today, you have appoiment ...”
5 “Play music on Spotify” “OK, Playing music on Spotify”
6 “Play video on YouTube” “OK, Playing video on YouTube”
7 “Play Money Heist on “OK, Play Money Heist on Netflix”
Netflix”
8 “Play Pokimane on “OK, Streaming Pokimane on Twitch”
Twitch”

TABLE 3.8: TESTING VOICE COMMAND RESULT ON GOOGLE HOME API

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PART 3: TESTING BLYNK APPLICATION (SMARTPHONE)

Testing Result on Blynk Application (Smartphone)

No Result
Command Condition Status

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5

TABLE 3.9: TESTING BLYNK APPLICATION ON SMARTPHONE CONTROL

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PART 4: TESTING MULTIMEDIA ON THE SCREEN

Testing Result on Google Home (Multimedia)

No Result
Command Condition Status

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 5

TABLE 3.10: TESTING VOICE COMMAND RESULT ON GOOGLE HOME API ON

SMART HOME SYSTEM

As a conclusion, the testing shows that the initialize systems are working properly. The figures
above are the complete structure prototype within the output design. Last but not least, all objective
had been achieved.

FIGURE 3.20: SMART HOME SYSTEM FRONT VIEW

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FIGURE 3.21: SMART HOME SYSTEM TOP VIEW

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 CHAPTER 4
ENVIROMENT AND
SUSTAINABILITY

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 Sustainability is ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level, which is relating to or
designing forms of human economic activity and culture that do not lead to environmental
degradation especially avoiding the long term depletion of natural resources. Environment
represent a connection which is project processing. It impacts the project and is, therefore
conditioned. Utilization and development of natural resources in ways which are compatible with
the maintenance of these resource, and with the conservation of the environment, for future
generations. However, no project would be possible to achieve sustainability in all aspects. So that
it is logic to said that our project is only sustainable on the environment and economy only.

Firstly, the sustainability of our project is Economy. This is because all the component that
had been used in our project are able and easy to found in the market. The equipment and apparatus
also can be found on any electronic hardware shop.

Next is our project is sustainable in term of environment. It is because in our project doesn’t
required any other chemical substances, gas and oil. We also do not use any harmful or corrosive
product that can pollute the environment.

Every project development should take into considerations on how each action that will be
taken is going impact on the environment and sustainability. Without concerning about these
topics, we might destroy the natural resources and environment that are supposed to be inherited
to the generation in the future. Our devices are safe and eco-friendly because it can be use at home
or any other places such as office, hospital, and so on. The program that make for the devices are
easy to use and affordable for everyone. We have to keep in mind to strike for balance between
nature and future development.

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 CHAPTER 5
HEALTH AND SAFETY

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 Health and safety management is the process of identifying and minimizing threats to
workers and those affected by the work throughout the project. Inadequate or lack of occupational
health and safety not only negatively affects the traditional construction project parameters of cost,
quality and schedule, but the sustainability of the environment. The occupational Safety and Health
Act of 1970(OSHA Act) was passed to prevent workers from being killed or seriously harmed at
work. The Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which sets
and enforces protective workplace safety and health standards. OSHA also provides information,
training and assistance to workers and employers.

Based on Laws of Malaysia, Act 514, Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, it shall be
the duty of a person who design, manufactures, imports or supplies any plant for use at work to
ensure, so far as is practicable, that the plant is so designed and constructed as to be safe and
without risk to health when properly used.

For our project, IoT based Smart Home System is designed to be operated safely. All the
hardware and sensors is used in the project are SIRIM certified and have been tested personally by
all team members for ensure safety for using with all scenarios.

In conclusion, all precaution and safety steps were taken during the project development.
Every member has been notified on the functionality and connection of each sensor and component
during the prototype development. The prototype has been built successfully and all of the sensors
and components ran perfectly as instructed or programmed.

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 CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

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 As mentioned earlier in the introduction, there are four main objectives in this project. After
conducting the project, the objectives have been achieved. For first objective is to control multiple
operations at home remotely using smartphone. It can help user to easy use the appliances at home
anywhere and data is centralized. Control appliances such as television, fan and light can be control
by smartphone by configure the Arduino with NodeMCU acts as a system. The connected
appliances which is built on the key foundation of Internet access both in the home and on the
move typically provided by smartphones and other portable devices.
Second objective of the project is to control multiple operations at home remotely using
voice command. It is to integrate multimedia capability with IoT based smart home system. We
came out with advanced idea by combining all the appliances together as we knew the existing
technology usually focusing on one system. In order to achieve this, the application let user switch
ON/OFF the light, fan, television and many other devices with the voice command. It presents the
content with simple phrase to command using Google Home API. For example, ‘Hey Google,
Turn ON the light’ to execute the system.
Next, the third objective is to integrate multimedia ecosystem with IoT based smart home
system. It is because ecosystem can be saving energy, these appliances can be reduced energy bills.
Last objective is to design the application mobility and comfortable to use develop the
device compatible with IoT. Which is users can monitor their house, office or building through the
smart phone everywhere in the world.
As recommendation, looking at various aspect dealt, there are many possibilities that there
are positive elements present that are supporting and encouraging the upgrading the IoT based on
Smart Home System. The following suggestion are automatic gate, mailbox notification and AC
voltage detector. AC voltage detector used to save energy consumption at our home. This can be
concluded that this project had achieved all the objective and succeed.

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 CHAPTER 7

REFEFENCES

1. G.Mahalakshmi, M.Vigneshwaran (2017, August 8). IOT Based Home Automation Using
Arduino.
Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321874873_IOT_Based_Home_
Automation_Using_Arduino

2. Mohamed Abdelsamie (2017, November 20). Smart home automation system using IoT.
Video from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfc1IoTOn8s
3. Abhishek Hingorani (2017, December 17). Home Automation Using NodeMCU and
Google Assistant.
Retrieved from https://codeometry.in/home-automation-using-nodemcu-and-google-
assistant/
4. Pawan Kumar (2018, March 30). Home Automation Using Google Assistant.
Retrieved from https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/pawan-kumar3/home-automation-
using-google-assistant-88c5c8
5. Iqbal Haziq (2020, June 20). IAA Home Automation System Based on IoT. Retrieved
from https://youtu.be/JCTGOJhWIzQ

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