Unit 1

Motivation and Career Anchors Assessment

The Career Anchor serves to define which of our needs has the highest priority; which of the factors in our
work lives we may not be willing to give up because they represent who we really are. Many people are
not really clear about what is most important to them and find they make career choices that are
inappropriate and lead to dissatisfaction at work. The purpose of knowing your Career Anchor is to
develop sufficient insight to be able to make intelligent and appropriate career choices. Each of the
anchors is discussed in detail following the assessment.

The items in this inventory are designed to help you identify the Career Anchor or self-concept that is
most important to you in your work life. As you answer the questions, think in terms of what it is you really
want in your work life. Remember, there is no right or wrong answers - only your answers.

For each statement, circle the number that best rates how important it is to you to have
this factor in your work life. How willing would you be to give it up? How critical is it for
you to retain it?

Very Important Not Important

1. To belong to an organization
and have a secure, long-term
position is… 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
2. To have a strong sense of
freedom and independence in
my work is… 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
3. To be able to work in a job
requiring state-of-the-art
knowledge is… 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4. To have a job where a group of
people have to report to me 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
is...
5. To own and run a business of
my own is… 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
6. To have a job where I dedicate
my time to others is… 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
7. To be responsible for solving
difficult problems of any kind
is… 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8. To include my family in my
work life is… 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
9. Good benefits, guaranteed
work, and a retirement
program are… 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
10. Being able to follow my own
way without rigid rules
imposed by an organization 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
is…
11. Doing the work I was trained
for and interested in rather
than being promoted out of my
field of interest is… 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

12. To have a position where I

influence others... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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13. Being responsible for building
a new business is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
14. Being excited about a
worthwhile cause is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
15. Having tough problems to
solve is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
16. Integrating other parts of my
life with my work life is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
17. To have my work remain in the
same location is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
18. To be able to choose my own
work hours is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
19. Constantly learning new
technical skills is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
20. To work my up the
management ladder is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
21. To start from scratch and
create something new and
original is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
22. Being of service to others in a
meaningful way is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
23. Reaching and growing beyond
my current level is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
24. Flexibility in location, work, and
hours... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
25. Knowing where I will be
working and what I will be
doing year after year is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
26. The freedom to choose the
direction of my career path is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
27. The ability to use technical
skills or knowledge to complete
a clearly defined project is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
28. Supervising, leading, and
influencing others is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
29. Having the challenge of
creating something new is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
30. Knowing that my work is
contributing to the well-being of
others is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
31. Having problems that stretch
my abilities is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
32. Having sabbaticals or other
leaves to pursue activities
outside of work is... 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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 How true is each of the following statements for you?

Very True Not True

33. I would be more interested in
remaining in my present
location rather than moving
even if it offered a promotion. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

34. I am more concerned with my

own freedom and autonomy
than with any other factor in
my work life. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
35. I am very proud of my
technical and functional
competence. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
36. Managing other people gives
me a strong sense of
achievement. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
37. Owning my own business is
very important to me. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
38. I am turned on by being
dedicated to a worthwhile
cause. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
39. Projects are interesting to me
only when they are really
challenging. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
40. I am more interested in an
integrated lifestyle than in
career promotion. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
41. I need to belong to an
organization to feel satisfied in
my work life. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
42. The more freedom I have to do
what I want the happier I am at
work. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
43. I would be interested in being a
manager only if I could
continue working in my area of
expertise. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
44. It gives me great satisfaction to
be promoted into positions
where I can exercise greater
management authority. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
45. Creating new business ideas
and turning them into reality
has been something I’ve
wanted to do for a long time. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
46. I enjoy volunteering with
dedication to a cause even
when there is little or no
compensation. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
47. I would live or work almost
anywhere if the job had some
real challenges. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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48. My family, my hobbies, my
friends, and my recreation are
just as important to me as my
work. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
49. I would be unhappy working
without job security. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
50. I have difficulty dealing with
organizational restraints. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

51. Becoming more

knowledgeable in my field is a
great source of pride and 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
satisfaction.
52. Supervising others and leading
then to the achievement of
targets and results is very
important to me. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
53. The thrill and tension of being
on the edge in my own
business is a strong motivator
for me. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
54. I think I have a contribution to
make toward improving the
world and helping people. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
55. The challenge of competition
turns me on to produce my
best work. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
56. I am only satisfied at work
when my family life gets
adequate attention. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
57. I like being part of a large
organization where I can be
certain that my job, work, and
salary are relatively secure. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
58. I like working in a position that
allows freedom and latitude. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
59. I feel best when I can solve
technical problems in my area
of expertise. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
60. I feel best when others come
to me for advice about how to
get their jobs done most
effectively. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
61. I want own my own ideas, turn
them into reality, and benefit
from the money earned by
creating something new. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
62. I care more about people, the
environment, peace, and other
critical issues than I do about
promotions and success. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
63. No pain, no gain! 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
64. Happiness is a function of a
balanced and integrated
lifestyle. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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 Scoring Your Career Anchor

To find your career anchor, transfer your ratings on each of the 64 questions onto the scoring
sheet on the following page. Add the scores down each column and place this number in the
corresponding TOTALS box below each column. The highest score is your Career Anchor. If any two
scores are close (within 10 points), read the description of each of the two Career Anchors and see which
one you feel best describes your true preference. The Career Anchor indicated by your second highest
score may also be an important indicator and should also be recorded. The Career Anchor descriptions
follow the scoring form. If one of the descriptions seems to be accurate with your own self-perceptions but
is not your highest number, use that one as your Career Anchor, regardless of the scores. Record you’re
Career Anchors on the lines below:

My primary Career Anchor is: __________________________________________

My secondary Career Anchor is: ________________________________________

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 Career Anchor Scoring Sheet

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

TOTALS

Security, Stability, Technical/ Entrepreneurial Life-Style

Organizational Identity Functional Creativity Integration
Competence

Sense of
Autonomy/ Managerial Service/
Independence Competence Dedication
to a Cause

Pure
Challenge

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 CAREER ANCHOR DESCRIPTIONS

SECURITY, STABILITY, ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY

This Career Anchor is usually subdivided into two categories. First, there are those people whose careers
are anchored in the stability of employment in an organization. This person becomes strongly identified
with the company and seeks the security of a long-term employment relationship, regular wages, and a
modest progression through the ranks. They show loyalty, the willingness to change locations if the
company and the job require it, and the acceptance of whatever assignments come along.

The second type of security anchor is geographic location. These individuals are strongly rooted in the
region, often have most of their family members in the same area, are active in the community, and may
sacrifice promotion and standard of living to avoid moving from one location to another.

Success for security anchored people is experienced through having contributed to a company over the
long haul, regardless of the level of that contribution.

AUTONOMY/INDEPENDENCE
This anchor applies to people who have an overriding need to do things their own way, in their own time,
and independent of others to the greatest extent possible. Being autonomous should not be confused with
being an entrepreneur. Building a new business and taking risks is not necessarily a component of
autonomy. People who value autonomy and independence may find the typical organizational roles
constraining and prefer to pursue organizational career paths that are out of the ordinary. This
independence is characteristic of what many organizations call individual contributors, or internal
consultants.

The autonomy-anchored person does not feel a strong sense of loyalty or obligation to the organization
and would probably refuse a promotion or transfer if it meant giving up his or her independence. If they
work in large organizations, they are attracted to jobs in which independence is possible: research and
development, field sales, data processing, financial analysis, etc.

Sometimes autonomous individuals reach a high level of education in their striving to be free,
independent, and self-reliant. Many professionals such as university professors, doctors, lawyers,
individual corporate contributors, internal corporate consultants, and free-lance consultants have chosen
careers that allow them to express their autonomy.

TECHNICAL/FUNCTIONAL COMPETENCE
The person anchored in technical or functional competence is most motivated towards being very
knowledgeable and producing highly effective work in some field of specialization. They are primarily
motivated by the content of the work they perform. These people tend to identify strongly with their
expertise, and their self-concept is dependent on their ability to succeed and be recognized in their area
of specialty.

Technical or functional competence may lead to a managerial position, but these people are only satisfied
if they can manage within their discipline and would avoid a promotion if it meant leaving their specialty
and losing their connection with that field. People with this anchor are seldom satisfied in a generalist
position.

Every occupation and organization has its technical/functional specialists who are capable of making
outstanding contributions when they are allowed to develop and use their expertise.

MANAGERIAL COMPETENCE
The key motivations for people anchored in managerial competence are advancement up the corporate
ladder to higher levels of responsibility, growing opportunities to serve in a position of leadership,
increasing contribution to the overall success of the organization, and a long-term opportunity for high
income and estate-building.

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People committed to managerial competence recognize the need to excel in three basic areas of
management: analytical, interpersonal, and emotional. Analytical competence is the ability to identify,
analyze, and solve problems under conditions of uncertainty or incomplete information. Interpersonal
competence includes the ability to supervise people and to influence, lead, and control them toward their
achievement of organizational goals. Emotional competence includes the capacity to remain energized
and proactive, without excessive anxiety or guilt, during periods of high stress, emotional and
interpersonal crises, appearances of failure, and increasingly higher levels of responsibility and authority,
and in general be able to handle the characteristic pressures and stresses that accompany management
responsibilities.

The person with managerial competence as a Career Anchor has significant skills in all three areas, as
differentiated from the technical or functional person who is highly developed in one skill area. This
competence is recognized principally through promotion, and the managerial-anchored individual requires
frequent promotions to remain satisfied.

ENTREPRENEURIAL CREATIVITY
The individual with an entrepreneurial anchor has a strong need to create a new business, the motivation
to overcome obstacles, the willingness, and the courage to run risks, and the desire for personal gain and
recognition for what is accomplished.

It is important to separate entrepreneurial creativity from the autonomy anchor and from the
technical/functional anchor. The entrepreneur is firmly rooted in ownership, creating a marketable and
profitable product or service (regardless of the technology or intellectual discipline involved), and in
making large amounts of money.

These individuals seldom stay with an organization that is not their own for long periods of time. They are
eager to be fully active in an enterprise of their own creation where they can sink or swim on the merits of
their personal ideas, abilities, personality, and drive.

SENSE of SERVICE/DEDICATION to a CAUSE

People with a service anchor are characterized as being principally motivated by dedicating their work
and sometimes their lives in the service of others. This dedication may take the form of working in a
position in which they can directly serve others as counselors, physicians, therapists, nurses, or in the
other helping or supportive occupations and professions. Service may also take the form of providing
comfort, entertainment, leisure activities, athletic training, personal or business support activities
(personal or administrative assistant), or any support service that represents a contribution to others.

They may also manifest this dedication through a commitment to the preservation or realization of a set of
values that they consider important not only in their own lives but also in the larger world around them.
Money is not usually an important motivator for these people. Recognition, along with financial and
working support for their work and cause, is far more important and often drives their major activities:
public relations, fund raising, and enrolling volunteers.

Not everyone with this anchor is dedicated to a charitable cause. For example, a scientist who has a
desire to improve the environment may stay in a job only if he or she can work on environmental matters.
A personnel manager may be expressing a desire to serve people. An executive assistant may be
committed to serving his or her boss, and full-time parenting may be an expression of the service anchor.

PURE CHALLENGE
For the challenge-anchored person, the one thing that matters is being challenged at the highest possible
level. Success is defined in terms of winning the war or the game or the contract or the sale, overcoming
obstacles, being the best, being the first, beating the competition, reaching for their highest, surpassing
previous goals, and so on.

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This person sees the area of work or the specific job to be performed as secondary to the experience of
challenge. They often seek variety in their careers (and in their lives in general) and, in the absence of
challenge, become highly dissatisfied. Easy things are boring.

LIFE-STYLE INTEGRATION
For people whose anchor is life-style integration, work is not the major vehicle of self-expression. They
are most interested in ensuring that they have a life balanced among various interests such as family,
friends, hobbies, recreational and leisure activities, study and learning other than work-related subjects,
and so on. They develop their self-concepts around issues of their total life styles, and how they define
those life styles is the major guide and constraint on their careers.

These people choose jobs, careers, and organizations that allow them to make all the major sectors of
their lives work together into an integrated whole. Career decisions do not dominate their lives.