CLASS : VII (VOL - 1) MATHEMATICS NUMBER SYSTEM-I

CONCEPT - 1.1
INTEGERS
Introduction:
You are participating in a quiz program where you will be awarded 2 points for a correct answer and
you will lose 1 point for a wrong answer. For the first question you have given correct answer and your
opponent has given a wrong answer.
Now at this point of time what is your score ______ 2.
Can you tell your opponents score
He lost a point , we don’ t have any whole number to represent his score so we introduce new numbers
to represent such situations with a minus(  ) before the number..

So your opponents score is  1

Such numbers are called negative numbers
 1,  2,  3..................are all negative numbers
Numbers greater than 0 are called positive numbers. Extending the number line to the left of 0 allows us
to picture negative numbers, numbers that are less than 0.

When a symbol + sign or no sign is in front of a number, the number is a positive number. When a
symbol – sign is in front of a number, the number is a negative number.
–5 indicates “negative five”.
5 and + 5 indicates “positive five”.
The number 0 is neither positive nor negative.
Integers : The set of numbers containing negative numbers and positive numbers together with ‘0’ is called
set of integers. We denote set of integers with symbol Z or I.
Reading and writing integers:
The sign of an integer is read first before the number.
Eg: –5 is read as ‘minus five’.
+ 9 is read as ‘plus 9’ or simply ‘nine’.
The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ....... etc are known as positive integers.
The numbers –1,–2,–3,–4........... are known as negative integers.
‘0’ is an integer which is neither positive nor negative.
Integers are also known as directed numbers.
In our daily life ,we come across statements opposite to each other,Such statements involve
integers,we represent them by positive or negative integers
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CLASS : VII (VOL - 1) MATHEMATICS NUMBER SYSTEM-I

Eg: We know height of places are measured as distances from sea-level

(i) height of 536m above sea level as +536m
(ii) height of 536m below sea level as –536m
(iii) a decrease of 50 as –50
(iv) a loss of Rs.200 as Rs. –200
Writing Positive and Negative Integers to Represent Word Descriptions:
1. A positive or negative number is used to denote:
(a) An increase or a decrease in value:
Eg: (i) Rs. 70 withdrawn is denoted by Rs. –70.
(ii) Rs.70 deposited is denoted by Rs. +70.
(b) Values more than zero, values less than zero:
Eg: (i) –18°C denotes a temperature that is 18°C below 0°C.
(ii) +18°C denotes a temperature that is 18°C above 0°C.
(c) A positive direction or a negative direction (opposite direction):
Eg: (i) –20 °C denotes an anticlockwise rotation of 20°.
(ii) +20° denotes a clockwise rotation of 20°.
(iii) +5 m denotes a direction 5 m to the right.
(iv) –6 m denotes a direction 5 m to the left.
(d) Position above or below sea level:

Eg: (i) Sea level is taken as 0 m.

(ii) The helicopter flies 350 m above sea level or + 350 m.
(iii) The submarine lies 150 m below sea level or –150 m.

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 CLASS : VII (VOL - 1) MATHEMATICS NUMBER SYSTEM-I

Representing Integers on Number Lines:

Integers can be represented on a number line.
The number line shows that every integer has an opposite number except ‘0’.

Comparing the values of Two Integers:

Number line can be used to compare the values of two integers.
1. Horizontal number line:
(a) On a horizontal number line, an integer is greater than the integer on its left.
(b) On a horizontal number line, an integer is less than the integer on its right.

2. Vertical number line:

(a) On a vertical number line, an integer is greater than the integer below it.
(b) On a vertical number line, an integer is less than the integer above it.

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CLASS : VII (VOL - 1) MATHEMATICS NUMBER SYSTEM-I

Arranging Integers in Order:

 Number line can be used to arrange integers in increasing or decreasing order.
 The value of integers on a horizontal number line increases from left to right and decreases
from right to left.

* If we represent two integers on the number line, then the integer occuring on the right is greater than that
occuring on the left.
Eg : (i) +5 > +3 since +5 is to the right of +3 on the number line.
(ii) –1> –2 since –1is to the right of –2 on the number line.
(iii) on the number line, 0 lies on the left of every positive integer.
 ’0’ is less than every positive integer..
(iv) On the number line, 0 lies on the right of every negative integer.
 ’0’ is greater than every negative integer..
(v) On the number line, every negative integer lies on the left of every positive integer.
 Every negative integer is less than every positive integer..
(vi) The greater is the integer the lesser is its negative As 5 > 4 we have–5 < – 4.
Addition of Integers :
Rule-1: The sum of two positive integers is a positive integer obtained by taking sum of the numerical
values of the addends.
Eg: (i) (+5) + (+7) = + (5+7) = 12
(ii) (+132) + (+98) = + (132+98) = 230
Rule-2: The sum of two negative integers is obtained by giving the negative sign to the sum of their
numerical values.
Eg: (i) (–4) + (–7) = –(4+7) = –11
(ii) (–72) + (–48) = –(72+48) = –120
Rule-3: To add a positive and a negative integer we find the difference between their numerical values
and give the sign of the integer with more numerical value.
Eg: (i) (–74) + (+49) = –(74 – 49) = – 25
(ii) (–36) + (+81) = + (81– 36) = + 45

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 CLASS : VII (VOL - 1) MATHEMATICS NUMBER SYSTEM-I

Properties of addition of integers

 Closure property for addition of integers :
The sum of two integers is always an integer.
Eg: (i) + 3  z, +7  z, and (+3) + (+7)= +10  z.
(ii) –1  z, –6  z and (–1) + (–6) = –7  z.
(iii) 1  z, –6  z and (–1) + (6) = –5  z.
 Commutative property for addition of Integers :
a + b = b + a for all a, b z
Eg: (–3) + (7) = + 4 and (7) + (–3)= + 4.
(–3) + (7) = (7) + (–3)
 Associative law for addition of Integers :
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c for all a, b, c  z.
Eg: [3 + 9] + (–2) = (3+9) + (–2) = 12 + (–2) = 10.
(3) + [9 + (–2)] = 3 + [ (9–2)] = 3 + 7 = 10.
 [3 +9] + (–2) = 3 + [9+ (–2)]
 Additive property of ‘0’:
We have a + 0 = 0 + a = a for all a z,
Eg: 7+0= 0 + 7 = 7
 Additive inverse of an Integer :
For every integer a, we have a + (–a) = 0
We call a and –a as the additive inverse of each other.
Thus additive inverse of 5 is –5 and –5 is 5.
 Subtraction of Integers :
For any two integers a,b we define subtraction of ‘b’ from ‘a’ as addition of ‘a’ and ‘additive inverse of b’
a – b = a + (–b) = a + (additive inverse of b).
Eg: (i) (–3)–(+7) = –3+(–7)= –10
(ii) (–6) – (–2) = (–6)+2 = –4
Properties of subtraction of integerS: :
 The difference of two integers is always an integer.
 For any two different integers a and b, we have a–b  b–a
 For any integers a,b,c not all zero, (a–b) –c  a–(b–c)
 If a is an integer then a–o = a and o–a = –a.
 –(–a) = a i,e additive inverse of –a is a.
Eg: The sum of two integers is –27. If one of them is –9. Find the other
Sol: Let other number = x, then
x   9   27  x  9  27  x  27  9  18

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CLASS : VII (VOL - 1) MATHEMATICS NUMBER SYSTEM-I

Absolute value of an Integer:

Absolute value of an Integer is its numerical value irrespective of its sign. It is defined as the distance of
a number from 0, irrespective of the direction in which it is placed on the number line.
The absolute value of any integer is never negative. It is denoted using the modulus sign “| |”

If ‘a’ is an integer then its absolute value is denoted by a and is defined as,

a  a if a  0

 a if a  0

Note: a is read as mod ‘a’ or modulus of ‘a’.

Eg: 34  34; 57  57

 Multiplication of Integers:
 The product of two positive integers p and q is also a positive integer.
For example: 3 × 5 = 15 and 6 × 8 = 48.
 The product of a positive integer and a negative integer is negative.
For example: 4 × (–6) = –24 and (–8) × 5 = –40.
 The product of two negative integers is a positive integer.
For example: (–7) × (–4) = +28 and (–6) × (–5) = +30.
 The product of three negative integers is a negative integer.
For example: (–3) × (–4) × (–2) = (+12 × –2) = –24.
 The product of four negative integers is a positive integer.
For example: (–1) × (-2) × (–3) × (–4) =24.
We may observe that the product of an odd number of negative integers is a negative integer and the
product of an even number of negative integers is a positive integer.
However, the product of any number of positive integers is always a positive integer.
 Properties of Integers under Multiplication:
 Closure property: For any two integers p and q, p × q is an integer.
For example: 2 × 3 = 6, 5 × 10 = 50 and 8 × 0 = 0.
 Commutative property: For any two integers p and q, p × q = q × p.
For example: 2 × 4 = 4 × 2 and –5 × 6 = 6 × –5.
 Associative property: For any three integers, p, q and r, (p ×q) × r = p × ( q × r).
(1 × 2) × 3 = 1 × (2 ×3) and (4 × 5) × –6 = 4 × [5 × -6 )]
 Multiplication by zero: For any integer p, p × 0 = 0.
For example: 5 × 0 = 0 and (–4) × 0 = 0.

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CLASS : VII (VOL - 1) MATHEMATICS NUMBER SYSTEM-I

 Multiplicative identity: There is an integer 1 such that for any integer p, p × 1 = 1 × p = p.

For-example: 2 × 1 = 1 × 2 = 2 and (–10) × 1 = 1 ×(–10) =–10. If we multiply any integer by
1, we get the same integer.
 Distributive property: For any three integers p, q and r, p × (q + r) = (p × q) + (p × r).
This is known as distributive property of multiplication over addition.
For example: 2 × (3 + 2) = (2 × 3) + (2 × 2)
LHS = 2 × (3 + 2) = 2 × 5 = 10 and RHS = (2 × 3) + (2×2): = 6 + 4= 10
Eg: 5   7  2    5  7    5   2  
LHS = 5 × (7  2) = 5 × 5 = 25 and RHS = (5 × 7) + (5×  2) = 35 + (  10)= 25
 Division of Integers:
We know that 2 (3) = 6. We can write that 6 ÷ 2 = 3 or 6 ÷ 3 = 2.
Thus, we can say that division is an inverse operation of multiplication.
 When we divide a positive integer by another positive integer, we get a positive number. which
need not be an integer.
6 1
For example, 6÷5 = or 1 .
5 5
We observe that division is not closed for integers.
 When a negative integer is divided by a positive integer, we get a negative number.
12
For example, 12  3    4 .
3
When –12 is divided by 3, the quotient is 4 and we get a negative sign before 4.
 When a positive integer is divided by a negative integer, we get a negative number.
 20 
For example, 20 ÷ (–10) can be written as     2 .
 10 
 When a negative integer is divided by a negative integer, we get a positive number.
 40 
For example, (–40) ÷ (–8) can be written as    5 .
 8 
1 1
 For two integers p and q, (p ÷ q)  (q ÷ p). For example, 2 ÷ 1 = 2 and 1÷ 2 = ; 2 
2 2
We observe that division is not commutative for integers
p
 When an integer is divided by itself the result is 1 ; 1
p
 When a positive p is divided by 1, the result is p; p ÷ 1 = p.
For example, 2 ÷ 1 = 2, 15 ÷ 1 =15 and 0 ÷ 1 =0.
However, 1 ÷ 0 is not defined. There is no integer which when multiplied by zero gives one.
0
It is important to note that is not defined. Any integer (or any number) when multiplied by zero
0
gives zero.

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CLASS : VII (VOL - 1) MATHEMATICS NUMBER SYSTEM-I

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS (NCERT)

1. Compute the following.
i) (-56) + (73) ii) 125 – (-101) iii) 39 – (-24)
iv) (-15) – (-36) v) – 231 + 79 + 51 vi) – 399 + 159 - 31
2. Compute the following.
i) (-18)  (-10)  9 ii) (-20)  (-2)  (-5)  7 iii) (-15)  0  (-18)
iv) (-1)  (-2)  9  9  (-3) v) 50 ÷ (-5) vi) 0 ÷ (-12)
3. Fill the blanks to make the following statements true.
i) (-5) + (-8) = (-8) + _______. ii) 17 + ______ = 0.
iii) (-4) + [15 + (-3) ] = [-4 + 15 ] + _________. iv) (-37)  _______ = 0.
v) _________ ÷ 48 = -1 vi) 20 ÷ __________ = -2
vii) –22  _________ = 22 viii) 21  _________ = -189
4. Compute the following.
i) |-5| + |5| - |5| ii) |9| - |-21| + |16|
iii) |-18| - |-5| - |-4| iv) |-21| + |-30| + |-9|
5. In a quiz, positive marks are given for correct answers and negative marks are given for incorrect
answers. If Jack’s scores in five successive rounds were 25, -5, -10, 15 and 10. What was his total
score at the end?
6. Write down a pair of integers whose;(a) sum is – 7 (b) difference is – 10 (c) product is -72
7. A certain freezing process requires that room temperature be lowered from 40oC at the rate of 5oC
every hour. What will be the room temperature 10 hours after the process begins?
8. Find the product, using suitable properties.
a) 26  (-48) + (-48)  (-36) b) 8  53 X (-125)
c) (-57)  (-19) + 57 d) 7  (50 – 2)
9. An elevator descends into a mine shaft at the rate of 6 m/min. If the descent starts from 10 m above
the ground level, how long will it take to reach – 350 m?
10. Following number line shows the temperature in degree celsius( °C) at different places on a particular
day.

i) Observe this number line and write the temperature of the places marked on it.
ii) What is the temperature difference between the hottest and the coldest places among the above?
iii) What is the temperature difference between Lahulspiti and Srinagar?
iv) Can we say temperature of Srinagar and shimla taken together is less than the temperature
at Shimla? Is it also less than the temperature at Srinagar?

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 CLASS : VII (VOL - 1) MATHEMATICS NUMBER SYSTEM-I

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
MAINS
1. The diagram below is a number line, what is the value of p  q ?

p o q

1) –9 2) –6 3) –3 4) 3
2. The value of 5 +(-5) +5 + (-5) + …… (305 terms)
1) 5 2) –5 3) 0 4) 305
3. The sum of two numbers is 40 and their difference is 4. The ratio of the numbers is
1) 11:9 2) 11:18 3) 21:19 4) 22:9
4. The number of natural numbers from a to b (a < b) is

1) a – b + 1 2) b – a – 1 3) b + a +1 4) b – a + 1

5. If x  0 , then x 

1) x 2)  x 3) 0 4)  x

6. Two different natural numbers are such that their product is less than their sum, then one of the
number must be

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) None

7. For an integer n, if n3 is odd, then which of the following statements are true.

I) n is odd II) n2 is odd III) n2 is even

1) I only 2) II only 3) I and II only 4) I and III only

8. The smallest value of n, for which 2n +1 is not a prime number is

1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 1

9. If R is an integer, then amoung the following the false statement is

1) R2 is an integer 2) R3 is an integer 3) 5R is an integer 4)1/Ris an integer

10. The general form of an even number is

1) 2n  1 2) 2n 3) 2n  1 4) 2n + 3
ADVANCED
Multiple choice questions with one or more than one correct answer:
11. Integer greater than –151 are_____
1) –141 2) –120 3) –251 4) –111
12. Filling the missing integers
(i) 6  0 (ii)  1  0 (iii)  7   0

1) –6 2) 1 3) –7 4) 7
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CLASS : VII (VOL - 1) MATHEMATICS NUMBER SYSTEM-I

13. If the temperature of city ‘A’ is –20°C and the temperature of city ‘B’ is 10°C, the difference in
temperature between the two cities is____

1) 30C 2)  20 C    10C  3)  10 C    20C  4) 30C

14. If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are two integers then

1) a + b is an integer 2) a – b is an integer

3) a – b is not an integer 4) a ÷ b is an integer

15. For any three integers a, b, c

1) (a + b) + c = a + (b+c) 2) (a × b) × c = a (b × c)

3) (a –b) – c = a –(b – c) 4) (a ÷ b) ÷ c  a ÷ (b ÷ c)

16. Statement-I: Sum of a positive integer and zero is always a positive integer.

Statement-II: Sum of a negative integer and zero is always positive.

1) Both I & II are true 2) Both I & II are false 3) Only I is true 4) Only II true.

17. Assertion(A): For any integer x, we have x + 0 = 0 + x = x.

Reason(R) : ‘0’ is called identity element under addition for integers.

1. Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason is a correct explanation for Assertion.

2. Assertion is True, Reason is True: Reason is not a correct explanation for Assertion.

3.Assertion is True, Reason is False. 4. Assertion is False, Reason is True.

18. Matrix Matching;

Column I Column II

a) a  b  c  a, b, c  I or Z  i) Associative property

b) a   b  c    a  b   c ii) Inverse property

c) a  0  0  a  a iii) Identity property

d) a   a     a    a   0 iv) Closure property

1) a-iv; b-i; c-iii; d-ii 2) a-iii; b-i; c-ii; d-iv 3) a-iv; b-i; c-ii; d-iii 4) a-i; b-iv; c-iii; d-ii

Integer answer type questions;

19.  36    15    45  ________

20. The value of 21  32  41  44  _______

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