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Chapter Overview: 1: Sampling and Data

This chapter overview introduces concepts of probability and statistics including how data is gathered and distinguished as good or bad. It discusses key terms and definitions, how data is obtained through sampling, and how samples can represent a population. It also covers frequency tables, levels of measurement, experimental design and ethics, and exercises for practicing sampling techniques and interpreting data.

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Dahanyakage Wickramathunga
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35 views1 page

Chapter Overview: 1: Sampling and Data

This chapter overview introduces concepts of probability and statistics including how data is gathered and distinguished as good or bad. It discusses key terms and definitions, how data is obtained through sampling, and how samples can represent a population. It also covers frequency tables, levels of measurement, experimental design and ethics, and exercises for practicing sampling techniques and interpreting data.

Uploaded by

Dahanyakage Wickramathunga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER OVERVIEW

1: SAMPLING AND DATA


Included in this chapter are the basic ideas and words of probability and statistics. You will soon
understand that statistics and probability work together. You will also learn how data are gathered
and what "good" data can be distinguished from "bad."

1.1: INTRODUCTION
Included in this chapter are the basic ideas and words of probability and statistics. You will soon
understand that statistics and probability work together. You will also learn how data are gathered
and what "good" data can be distinguished from "bad."

1.2: DEFINITIONS OF STATISTICS, PROBABILITY, AND KEY TERMS


The mathematical theory of statistics is easier to learn when you know the language. This module
presents important terms that will be used throughout the text.

1.3: DATA, SAMPLING, AND VARIATION IN DATA AND SAMPLING


Data are individual items of information that come from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative, quantitative
continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to
represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each
individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample.

1.4: FREQUENCY, FREQUENCY TABLES, AND LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT


Some calculations generate numbers that are artificially precise. It is not necessary to report a value to eight decimal places when the
measures that generated that value were only accurate to the nearest tenth. Round off your final answer to one more decimal place
than was present in the original data. This means that if you have data measured to the nearest tenth of a unit, report the final statistic
to the nearest hundredth.

1.5: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND ETHICS


A poorly designed study will not produce reliable data. There are certain key components that must be included in every experiment.
To eliminate lurking variables, subjects must be assigned randomly to different treatment groups. One of the groups must act as a
control group, demonstrating what happens when the active treatment is not applied. Participants in the control group receive a
placebo treatment that looks exactly like the active treatments but cannot influence the response variable.

1.6: DATA COLLECTION EXPERIMENT (WORKSHEET)


A statistics Worksheet: The student will demonstrate the systematic sampling technique. The student will construct relative frequency
tables. The student will interpret results and their differences from different data groupings.

1.7: SAMPLING EXPERIMENT (WORKSHEET)


A statistics Worksheet: The student will demonstrate the simple random, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling techniques. The
student will explain the details of each procedure used.

1.E: SAMPLING AND DATA (EXERCISES)


These are homework exercises to accompany the Textmap created for "Introductory Statistics" by OpenStax.

1 6/11/2021

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