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3 Study of Differentiator and Integrator OpAmp

The document discusses using operational amplifiers to build differentiator and integrator circuits. It explains that an operational amplifier is a linear electronic device with high impedance inputs and one output. An op-amp can perform multiple functions depending on the feedback components used. The document then describes how an integrator circuit works by replacing the feedback resistor of an inverting amplifier with a capacitor, causing the output to be proportional to the amplitude and duration of the input signal. Similarly, a differentiator circuit replaces the input resistor of an integrator with a capacitor, resulting in an output that is the first derivative of the input signal.

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149 views3 pages

3 Study of Differentiator and Integrator OpAmp

The document discusses using operational amplifiers to build differentiator and integrator circuits. It explains that an operational amplifier is a linear electronic device with high impedance inputs and one output. An op-amp can perform multiple functions depending on the feedback components used. The document then describes how an integrator circuit works by replacing the feedback resistor of an inverting amplifier with a capacitor, causing the output to be proportional to the amplitude and duration of the input signal. Similarly, a differentiator circuit replaces the input resistor of an integrator with a capacitor, resulting in an output that is the first derivative of the input signal.

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Vic
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Study of Differentiator and Integrator using

Operational Amplifier

Objectives
At the end of the experiment, the student would be able to
 Explain Differentiator using OpAmp
 Explain Integrator using OpAmp

Operational Amplifier commonly known as Op-Amp, is a linear electronic device


having three terminals, two high impedance input and one output terminal. Op-
Amp can perform multiple function when attached to different feedback
combinations like resistive, capacitive or both. Generally, it is used as voltage
amplifier and the output voltage of the Op-Amp is the difference between the
voltages at its two input terminals.
Op-Amp shows some properties that make it an ideal amplifier, its open loop
gain and input impedance is infinite (i.e. practically very high), Output
impedance and offset voltage is zero (i.e. practically very low) and bandwidth is
infinite(i.e. practically limited to frequency where its gain become unity).

Figure: 1
The Integrator
It is a circuit designed with Op-Amp in such a way that it performs the
mathematical Integration operation, its output is proportional to the amplitude
and time duration of the input applied. The integrator circuit layout is same as a
inverting amplifier but the feedback resistor is replaced by a capacitor which
make the circuit frequency dependent. In this case the circuit is derived by the
time duration of input applied which results in the charging and discharging of
the capacitor. Initially when the voltage is applied to integrator the uncharged
capacitor allows maximum current to pass through it and no current flows
through the Op-Amp due to the presence of virtual ground, the capacitor starts
to charge at the rate of RC time constant and its impedance starts to increase
with time and a potential difference is developing across the capacitor resulting
in charging current to decrease. This results in the ratio of capacitor's impedance
and input resistance increasing causing a linearly increasing ramp output
voltage that continues to increase until the capacitor becomes fully charged.

Figure:2
The Differentiator
In the differentiator circuit the input is connected to the inverting output of the
Op-Amp through a capacitor(C) and a negative feedback is provided to the
inverting input terminal through a resistor(Rf), which is same as an integrator
circuit with feedback capacitor and input resistor being replaced with each other.
Here the circuit performs a mathematical differentiation operation, and the
output is the first derivative of the input signal, 180' out of phase and amplified
with a factor Rf*C. The capacitor on the input allows only the AC component and
restrict the DC, at low frequency the reactance of capacitor is very high causing a
low gain and high frequency vice versa but and high frequency the circuit
becomes unstable.

Figure:3

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