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    Lab - Butane Lab Sample Calculations

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    Liam Cruz
    The purpose of the experiment was to determine the molar mass of butane gas. Butane gas was collected from a lighter by displacement of water in a graduated cylinder. The mass and volume of the collected butane gas were measured and used to calculate the moles of butane gas present. The molar mass was then calculated by dividing the mass of butane by the moles. The experimentally determined molar mass of butane was 50.0729 g/mol with a percent error of 13.98% compared to the accepted value of 58.123 g/mol.

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    Lab - Butane Lab Sample Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Liam Cruz
    94 views5 pages
    The purpose of the experiment was to determine the molar mass of butane gas. Butane gas was collected from a lighter by displacement of water in a graduated cylinder. The mass and volume of the collected butane gas were measured and used to calculate the moles of butane gas present. The molar mass was then calculated by dividing the mass of butane by the moles. The experimentally determined molar mass of butane was 50.0729 g/mol with a percent error of 13.98% compared to the accepted value of 58.123 g/mol.

    Original Description:

    PROCESO DEOBTENCION DE BUTANOL

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    The purpose of the experiment was to determine the molar mass of butane gas. Butane gas was collected from a lighter by displacement of water in a graduated cylinder. The mass and volume of the collected butane gas were measured and used to calculate the moles of butane gas present. The molar mass was then calculated by dividing the mass of butane by the moles. The experimentally determined molar mass of butane was 50.0729 g/mol with a percent error of 13.98% compared to the accepted value of 58.123 g/mol.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    94 views5 pages

    Lab - Butane Lab Sample Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Liam Cruz
    The purpose of the experiment was to determine the molar mass of butane gas. Butane gas was collected from a lighter by displacement of water in a graduated cylinder. The mass and volume of the collected butane gas were measured and used to calculate the moles of butane gas present. The molar mass was then calculated by dividing the mass of butane by the moles. The experimentally determined molar mass of butane was 50.0729 g/mol with a percent error of 13.98% compared to the accepted value of 58.123 g/mol.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Honors Chemistry Name

    Lab - The Molar Mass of Butane Gas, C4H10 Date _________________________

    Purpose: To experimentally determine the molar mass of butane gas.

    Materials: Thermometer, Big Water Bucket, Funnel, Butane lighter, 50 mL or 100 mL graduated
    cylinder, Balance

    Safety: Goggles

    Procedure:
    1. Mass the butane lighter.
    2. Fill the bucket 2 inches from the top with water
    3. Fill the graduated cylinder to the tippy tippy top
    4. Place hand over the top of the graduated cylinder and invert into the bucket underneath the
    water. See picture below. The graduated cylinder should have no air once it has been inverted.

    5. Place funnel underneath the graduated cylinder keeping the graduated cylinder underneath
    the water line. See picture below.

    6. One person is to continue holding the graduated cylinder to keep it from falling.
    7. Place thermometer in the bucket and allow the temperature to equalize for about 3 minutes.
    8. Record the temperature of the water.
    9. Place the butane lighter underneath the water and beneath the funnel. Light the lighter until
    40-45 mL for 50 mL graduated cylinder or 90 –95 mL for 100 mL graduated cylinder of the
    water in the funnel is displaced.

    1
    10. Lift the graduated cylinder until the level of butane is level with the water level in the bucket.
    See picture.

    11. Record the volume of butane in the graduated cylinder.


    12. The instructor will provide the atmospheric pressure from the weather channel.
    13. Determine the partial pressure of water using the temperature of the water and the chart for
    vapor pressure of water.
    14. Shake out the butane lighter. Do NOT depress the plunger on the lighter or your results will
    be VERY flawed. Ensure that the lighter is completely dry before massing.
    15. Pour the water down the drain and return all materials to proper locations.
    Data Table:

    Initial Mass of the Butane Lighter 21.77 grams

    Temperature of the Water 21.0oC

    Volume of Butane in the graduated cylinder 164 mL

    Atmospheric Pressure 29.76 in Hg

    Final Mass of the Butane Lighter 21.44 grams

    Calculations
    1. Determine the mass of butane in the graduated cylinder.

    Subtract the initial mass minus the final mass:


    21.77 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 − 21.44 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 = 0.33 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠

    2. Determine the atmospheric pressure in mm Hg.


    Convert in Hg to mm Hg
    29.76 𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑔 2.54 𝑐𝑚 𝐻𝑔 1 𝑚 𝐻𝑔 1000 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔
    𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 = 755. 𝟗04 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔
    1 1 𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑔 100 𝑐𝑚 𝐻𝑔 1 𝑚 𝐻𝑔

    Bolded number is the last significant figure – 4 significant figures


    3. Determine the vapor pressure of water using the chart provided.

    2.49 kPa – convert to mmHg


    2.49 𝑘𝑃𝑎 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
    𝑥 = 18. 𝟔81145 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
    1 101.3 𝑘𝑃𝑎

    Bolded number is the last significant figure – 4 significant figures

    4. Determine the pressure of the dry butane in the graduated cylinder. Which gas law should you
    use?
    Use Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
    𝑃𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑃𝐵𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒 + 𝑃w𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟

    𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 755.904 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔
    𝑃w𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 = 18.681145 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔

    𝑃𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒 = 𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝑃w𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 = 755.904 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 − 18.681145 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 = 737. 𝟐228 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔

    Bolded number is the last significant figure – 4 significant figures

    5. Determine the volume of the butane in the graduated cylinder.


    164 mL – convert to Liters

    164 𝑚𝐿 1𝐿
    𝑥 = 0.164 𝐿
    Three significant figures 1 1000 𝑚𝐿

    6. Determine the moles of butane using which gas law?

    Ideal Gas Law – PV = nRt


    P = 737.2228 mmHg (4 significant figures)
    V = 0.164 L (three significant figures)
    R = 62.4 L*mmHg/ mole*K (infinite signficicant figures)
    T = 21.0oC = 294.0K (4 signiciant figures)
    𝑃𝑉
    𝑛= = 737.2228 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 (0.164 𝐿)
    𝑅𝑇 = 0.0065𝟗0383 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
    62.4 𝐿 ∗ 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
    (294.0 𝐾)
    𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 ∗ 𝐾
    Bolded number is the last significant figure – 3 significant figures

    7. Determine the molar mass, M = m/n.


    M = 0.33 grams (2 significant figures)
    N – 0.006590383 moles (3 significant figures)

    𝑚 0.33 𝑔
    𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
    𝑀= = = 50.0729 = 50. 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑟 5.0 𝑥 101 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠/𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
    𝑛 0.006590383 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

    8. Determine the percent error.

    Molar Mass of Butane C4H10 = 58.123 g/mole

    𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 58.123 𝑔 − 50. 𝑔


    𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
    𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒 𝑑 𝑔
    𝑥 100 =
    𝑥 100 =
    58.123 13.98%
    𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

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