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Assignment: Govt Civil Lines College

The document discusses mutually exclusive events, which cannot occur at the same time like a coin landing heads or tails but not both. It provides an example of throwing dice and calculates probabilities. It then discusses exhaustive events, which partition the sample space, and equally likely events, where each outcome has equal probability.

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Muhammad Ali
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24 views

Assignment: Govt Civil Lines College

The document discusses mutually exclusive events, which cannot occur at the same time like a coin landing heads or tails but not both. It provides an example of throwing dice and calculates probabilities. It then discusses exhaustive events, which partition the sample space, and equally likely events, where each outcome has equal probability.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT

Govt Civil Lines College


Roll no 32

Mutual exclusivity

In statistics and probability theory, two events are mutually exclusive if they
cannot occur at the same time. The simplest example of mutually exclusive
events is a coin toss. A tossed coin outcome can be either head or tails, but
both outcomes cannot occur simultaneously.

Example: What happens if we want to throw 1 and 6 in any order? This now
means that we do not mind if the first die is either 1 or 6, as we are still in with
a chance. But with the first die, if 1 falls uppermost, clearly It rules out the
possibility of 6 being uppermost, so the two Outcomes, 1 and 6, are mutually
exclusive, One result directly affects the other. In this case, the probability of
throwing 1 or 6 with the first die is the sum of the two probabilities, 1/6 + 1/6
= 1/3.

When two events are mutually exclusive,(they can't happen at the same time) the
probability of one or the other happening is the sum of the probabilities of each event.

Exhaustive events
When a sample space is distributed down into some mutually exclusive events such that their union
forms the sample space itself, then such events are called exhaustive events.
EXAMPLE 1: Sample space = S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
To understand what exhaustive events are?

Let an event       x = {1, 2, 3}


           Event      y = {4, 5, 6}
           Event       z = {7, 8, 9, 10}

Solution:

Event x, y, z are mutually exclusive events because

X n y n z = ø
Now check whether the events are exhaustive events or not?
For this, take the union of all events;
x u y u z = {1, 2, 3} u {4, 5, 6} u {7, 8, 9, 10} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} = S
Event x, y & z are exhaustive events, because they form a complete sample space itself.

Equally likely events

The outcomes of an experiment are equally likely to occur when the probability of each
outcome is equal.

Example of Equally Likely

When you toss a fair coin, you are equally likely to get a head or a tail.
When you roll a fair die, you are equally likely to roll a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6

Submitted by Submitted to
Muhammad ALI Sir Kashif

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