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AST 131 C Lec-7

1) A C function contains a block of code that performs a specific task. Functions allow code to be reused and divide large programs into smaller pieces. 2) Some uses of functions are avoiding duplicated code, calling functions multiple times, and improving readability of large programs. 3) Functions can return values and accept parameters, allowing calculations like finding squares, multiplying arrays, calculating factorials, and combinations.

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48 views21 pages

AST 131 C Lec-7

1) A C function contains a block of code that performs a specific task. Functions allow code to be reused and divide large programs into smaller pieces. 2) Some uses of functions are avoiding duplicated code, calling functions multiple times, and improving readability of large programs. 3) Functions can return values and accept parameters, allowing calculations like finding squares, multiplying arrays, calculating factorials, and combinations.

Uploaded by

Tarikul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AST 131

Programming with C/C++


Lecture-07: C function
Tahmina Akter

Lecturer of Applied Statistics,


Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT),
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Email: [email protected]

May, 2018

ogramming with
WHAT IS C FUNCTION?
● A large C program is divided into basic building blocks
called C function. C function contains set of instructions
enclosed by “{ }” which performs specific operation in a C
program. Actually, Collection of these functions creates a C
program.
USES OF C FUNCTIONS:
● C functions are used to avoid rewriting same logic/code again
and again in a program.
● There is no limit in calling C functions to make use of same
functionality wherever required.
● We can call functions any number of times in a program and
from any place in a program.
● A large C program can easily be tracked when it is divided into
functions.
● The core concept of C functions are, re-usability, dividing a big
task into small pieces to achieve the functionality and to
improve understandability of very large C programs.
Example
#include<stdio.h>
// function prototype, also called function declaration
float square ( float x );
// main function, program starts from here

int main( )
{
float m, n ;
printf ( "\nEnter some number for finding square \n");
scanf ( "%f", &m ) ;
// function call
n = square ( m ) ;
printf ( "\nSquare of the given number %f is %f",m,n );
}
Example
float square ( float x ) // function definition
{
float p ;
p=x*x;
return ( p ) ;
}
Another approach
#include<stdio.h>
float square ( float x );
int main( )
{
float m, n ;
printf ( "Enter some number for finding square \n");
scanf ( "%f", &m ) ;
// function call
square ( m ) ;
}

float square ( float x ) // function definition


{
float p ;
p=x*x;
printf ( "\nSquare of the number is %f",p );
}
Task 21.1
Write a C function square that inputs a limit and calculate the
squares of positive integers upto that limit.
Solution 21.1
# include <stdio.h>
int square (int y);
int main ( void )
{
int x;
for(x=1; x <=10; ++x) {
printf ("%d ", square (x));
}
}
int square (int y)
{
return y * y;
}
C array function

Write a C program to multiply two arrays using function.


Example: C array function
#include <stdio.h>
int sos(int x[], int y[]);
int main()
{
int p[3]={1, 6, 3};
int q[3]={2, 4, 1};
int z[3]={1, 1, 1};
int sx, ssx, sy, ssy, sxy;
sx=sos(p,z);
ssx=sos(p,p);
sy=sos(q, z);
ssy=sos(q,q);
sxy=sos(p,q);
Example: C array function
printf("%2s%4s%4s%4s%4s\n", "sx", "ssx", "sy", "ssy",
"sxy");
printf("%2d%4d%4d%4d%4d\n", sx, ssx, sy, ssy, sxy);
return 0;

}
//Subprogram
int sos(int x[], int y[]){
int i, sum=0;
for(i=0; i<3; i++){
sum+=x[i]*y[i];
}
return sum;
}
Task 21.2
Write a C function factorial that inputs n and calculate n!.
Solution 21.2 (Factorial function)
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned long long int fact (unsigned int number);
int main(void)
{
unsigned i;
for (i=1; i<=10; ++i){
printf("%u!=%11u\n", i, fact(i));
}
}
Solution 21.2 cont…
unsigned long long int fact (unsigned int number)
{
unsigned counter; int prod=1;
for(counter=number; counter>=1; counter--)
{
prod*=counter;
}
return prod;
}
Problem
Write a program in C to find the sum of the series
1!/1+2!/2+3!/3+4!/4+5!/5 using the function.
Solution
#include <stdio.h>

int fact(int);
void main()
{
int sum;
sum=fact(1)/1+fact(2)/2+fact(3)/3+fact(4)/4+fact(5)/5;
printf("The sum of the series is : %d\n\n",sum);
}
Solution
int fact(int n)
{
int num=0,f=1;
while(num<=n-1)
{
f =f+f*num;
num++;
}
return f;
}
Task 21.3
Write a C function combination that inputs n and x, and
calculate combination of n and x
Solution 21.3 (Combination function)
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned long long int fact (unsigned int number);
int main(void)
{
unsigned i, n, x, ncx;
printf("Enter the value of n and x:");
scanf("%u %u", &n, &x);
ncx=fact(n)/(fact(x)*fact(n-x));
printf("The value of ncx is: %u", ncx);
}
Solution 21.3 cont…

unsigned long long int fact (unsigned int number)


{
unsigned counter; int prod=1;
for(counter=number; counter>=1; counter--)
{
prod*=counter;
}
return prod;
}

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