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Loom Motions

Primary motions in weaving include shedding, picking, and beat-up. Shedding is the process of separating warp yarns into upper and lower layers (sheds) and can be accomplished through positive or negative mechanisms like tappets, dobbies, or jacquards. Picking involves inserting the weft through the shed using various shuttles or projectiles. Beat-up compacts the weft against the fell of the cloth. Temples are used to maintain uniform fabric width as it is woven.

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Shahan Akhtar
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119 views8 pages

Loom Motions

Primary motions in weaving include shedding, picking, and beat-up. Shedding is the process of separating warp yarns into upper and lower layers (sheds) and can be accomplished through positive or negative mechanisms like tappets, dobbies, or jacquards. Picking involves inserting the weft through the shed using various shuttles or projectiles. Beat-up compacts the weft against the fell of the cloth. Temples are used to maintain uniform fabric width as it is woven.

Uploaded by

Shahan Akhtar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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passage of yarn

Loom Motions
Primary
Secondary
Auxiliary

Primary motions
Tappet Positive
Shedding Dobby Negative
motion Electrical
Jacquard
Mechanical
Shuttle Rapier
Picking Motion Shuttle less Projectile
Water
Air
Crank beat up
Beat Up motion
Cam beat up
SHEDDING

Introduction
 Shedding is the process of dividing the warp yarns into two layers.

 Top layer is called top shed line.


 Bottom layer is called bottom-shed line.
 The gap b/w two layers is called shed.
objectives

 To raise & lower the healed frames which carry the warp yarns.

 To make an opening for passage of picking media.

 To change the position of warp ends to interlace the warp & weft as per weave.
Shedding

Positive shedding
The positive shedding cam (tappet) give both upward and downwards movements to healds without the aid of any additional mechanism.

 Raising & lowering of healed frames is with the help of Double cams.

Negative shedding
The negative shedding cam gives one direction movement that means  it gives upward or downward movement.

 Lowering of frames is with the help of single cams & Raising is with the help of reversing media.
Reversing Media

 The media which brings the frames in original position, these may be
spring, belts & elastic etc.

Negative and Positive cam shedding


Double Cam Shedding
Tappet/Cam Shedding

 Healed frames operated by tappet cams

 Cams are designed according to weave structure

 No. of cams depends upon the weave repeat

 Cams are mounted on tappet shaft

 Tappet cam designed for particular weave cannot be


used for other weave

 Storage of cams is necessary in the mill

 Change of cams requires stoppage for long time

Negative Tappet shedding


Advantage of Tappet Shedding

 Mechanism is simple.

 Initial cost is low.

 Maintenance is easy.

 No problem of design fault in fabric.

 Unless Cams are mounted on cam shaft incorrectly

 No speed limitations.

 Plain, simple twill & simple satin can be produced.


Dobby Shedding
 Healed frames are operated by jacks & levers

 Lifting & lowering of frames is controlled by pattern chain

 It can control up to 30~32 healed frames depending upon the crankshaft


length.

 Design possibilities are crepe, honeycomb, huckaback, mock leno, Bedford


cord etc.

Positive and Negative Dobbie’s

According to reversing motion used:


According to reversing motion mechanism used in the dobby, it
can be classified in following categories:
Negative dobby:
The dobby which is not able to bring down the heald shaft itself is
called negative dobby. This dobby lifts the heald shaft only. The
extra attachment is used to bring down the heald shaft. This
attachment is called reversing motion. Dead weight or pulling
spring is used to bring down the shaft. In this dobby all the raised
heald shafts are levelled after insertion of each pick.
Positive dobby:
In this kind of dobby, only those heald shafts are come at shed
levelling position which change their position at particular pick.
Heald shafts are raised and lowered by its internal mechanism,
there is no need of reversing motion attachment to bring down the
heald shaft. In this type of dobby, the heald shaft remains in rest
position at top or bottom position until the weave pattern does not
demand to change the position of heald shaft.

Disadvantage of Dobby Shedding


 Mechanism is complicated.

 Initial cost is high.

 Maintenance cost is high.

 Can produce design fault in the fabric.

 Limitation in loom speed.

Jacquard Shedding
 Warp ends are controlled individually by harness cord

 No of cord = No of ends
 No healed frame

 Pattern possibilities are unlimited.

 Complicated designs may be produced like animals, flowers, geometrical


figures etc.

Disadvantage of Jacquard Shedding


 Mechanism contains more moving parts

 Initial cost is high

 Maintenance cost is high

 Can produce design faults in the fabric

 Design & cutting pattern cords require skilled labour

 Speed limitations
 Differences between Jacquard shedding, Dobby shedding and Tappet
shedding:
Jacquard shedding Dobby shedding Tappet shedding

1. Most complex 1. Quite complex 1. Simple mechanism.


mechanism. mechanism.

2. Installation cost is high. 2. Installation cost is 2. Installation cost is low.


medium.

3. 2-1000 yarns can be 3. 2-36 yarns can be 3. 2-8 yarns can be


controlled collectively. controlled collectively. controlled collectively.

4. Jacquard is placed 4. Dobby is placed 4. Tappet is placed


generally above the loom. generally above the loom. generally below the loom.

5. It can produce any 5. It can produce square 5. In can produce basic


shape of design. and rectangular design. design.

6. Harness cord used. 6. Heald shaft used. 6. Heald shaft used.

7. Less production. 7. Less production. 7. Production is more than


dobby shedding.

Picking
The motion by which weft yarn is passed through shed is called picking.

Projectile
Picking Shuttle
Rapier
motion Shuttle less
Air
Water
Beat-up
Beat up is a process of pushing the last inserted weft/ pick to the imaginary line,
fell of cloth where fabric starts by a device called REED.
Reed is closed combed metal strips, uniformly spaced. Also use to control the
warp density i.e.EPI
Fabric Width
 At the moment fabric is woven, its width is equal to
reed width.

 As fabric gets away from reed, it starts narrowing


down, due to
Weave design
Construction
Weaving tensions
These factors effect the fabric crimp which cause it to shrink

 Shrinkage can be controlled/prevented by using a


temple on each side of the machine.

 Temple is a metallic device, keeps the fabric stretched by


applying force in weft direction.

 There are also Full width temples

 Ensure uniform fabric width

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