1 

CHAPTER 13

2  SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

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3  13.1 GENERAL

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13.1.1 Scope

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4 

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5  This chapter establishes minimum design criteria for nonstructural components, that are
6  permanently attached to structures and for including their supports and attachments.

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7  Nonstructural components include:
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1. Components that are in or supported by a structure,

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2. Components that are outside of a structure (except for nonbuilding structures within the
scope of Chapter 15) and are permanently connected to the mechanical or electrical
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11  systems, or
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12  3. Components that are part of the egress system of a structure.

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13  Where the weight of a nonstructural component is greater than or equal to 2520% of the
14  combined effective seismic weight, W , of the nonstructural component and the supporting
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15  structure as defined in Section 12.7.2, the component shall be classified as a nonbuilding
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16  structure and shall be designed in accordance with Section 13.2.915.3.2.

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17  13.1.2 Seismic Design Category

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18  For the purposes of this chapter, nonstructural components shall be assigned to the same
19  sSeismic dDesign cCategory as: the structure that they occupy or to which they are attached.

20  1. The structure that they occupy or are supported by, or

21  2. The structure to which they are permanently connected by mechanical or electrical
22  systems, or
23  3. For parts of an egress system, the structure it serves.

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 1  If more than one of these criteria is applicable, the highest sSeismic Ddesign cCategory shall be
2  used.

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4  13.1.3 Component Importance Factor

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5  All components shall be assigned a component Importance Factor as indicated in this section.

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6  The component Importance Factor, I p , shall be taken as 1.5 if any of the following conditions

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7  apply:

1. The component is required to function for life-safety purposes after an earthquake,

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9  including fire protection sprinkler systems and egress stairways.
10  2. The component conveys, supports, or otherwise contains toxic, highly toxic, or explosive
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11  substances where the quantity of the material exceeds a threshold quantity established by
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12  se lithe Authority Having Jurisdiction and is sufficient to pose a threat to the public if
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13  released.
14  3. The component is in or attached to supported by a Risk Category IV structure or
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15  permanently connected by mechanical or electrical systems to a Risk Category IV

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16  structure, and it the component is needed for continued operation of the facility or its
17  failure could impair the continued operation of the facility required for the continued
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18  operation of a structure designated an Eessential Ffacility, or its failure would impair the
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19  continued operation of a structure designated an Eessential Ffacility.

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20  4. The component conveys, supports, or otherwise contains hazardous substances and is
attached to a structure or portion thereof classified by the Authority Having Jurisdiction
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22  as a hazardous occupancy.

23  All other components shall be assigned a component Importance Factor, I p , equal to 1.0.

24  13.1.4 Exemptions

25  The following nonstructural components are exempt from the requirements of this chapter:

26  1. Furniture except storage cabinets, as noted in Table 13.5-1;

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 1  2. Temporary or movable equipment;
2  3. Architectural components in Seismic Design Category B, other than parapets, provided
3  that the component Importance Factor, I p , is equal to 1.0;

4  4. Mechanical and electrical components in Seismic Design Category B;

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5  5. Mechanical and electrical components in Seismic Design Category C provided that either

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a. The component Importance Factor, I p , is equal to 1.0 and the component is

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positively attached to the structure; or

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8  b. The component weighs 20 lb (89 N) or less. or, in the case of a distributed system,

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9  5 lb / ft ( 73 N / m ) or less.

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10  6. Discrete mechanical and electrical components in Seismic Design Categories D, E, or F
11  that are positively attached to the structure, provided that either
12  a. The component weighs 400 lb (1,779 N) or less, the center of mass is located 4 ft
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13  (1.22 m) or less above the adjacent floor level, flexible connections are provided
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15  component Importance Factor, I p , is equal to 1.0; or

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16  b. The component weighs 20 lb (89 N) or less or, in the case of a distributed system,
5 lb / ft ( 73 N / m ) or less; and.
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18  7. Distribution systems in Seismic Design Categories D, E, or F included in the exceptions

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19  for conduit, cable tray, and raceways in Section 13.6.5, duct systems in 13.6.6 and piping
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20  and tubing systems in 13.6.7.3. Where in-line components, such as valves, in-line
21  suspended pumps, and mixing boxes require independent support, they shall be addressed
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22  as discrete components and shall be braced considering the tributary contribution of the
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attached distribution system.

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25  The nonstructural components listed in Table 13.1-1 are exempt from the requirements of this
26  chapter.

27 

28  Table 13.1-1. Nonstructural Components Exempt from the Requirements of This Chapter.

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 Seismic Nonstructural Components Exempt from the Requirements of this Chapter
Design
Category
(SDC)
All Categories  Furniture (except storage cabinets, as noted in Table 13.5-1)
 Temporary or movable equipment components that remain in place for 180 days or

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less.


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Mobile units and equipment including components that are moved from one point in
the structure to another during ordinary use

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A  All components
B  Architectural Components, other than parapets, provided that the component

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Importance Factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0.
 Mechanical and Electrical Components

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C  Mechanical and Electrical Components, provided that either
o the component Importance Factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0 and the component is

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positively attached to the structure; or
o the component weighs 20 lb (89 N) or less
D, E, F  Mechanical and electrical components positively attached to the structure, provided
that
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o For discrete mechanical and electrical components, the component weighs 400
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lb (1,779 N) or less, the center of mass is located 4 ft (1.22 m) or less above
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component and associated ductwork, piping, and conduit, and the component
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Importance Factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0; or

o For discrete mechanical and electrical components, the component weighs 20
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lb (89 N) or less; or
o For distribution systems, the component Importance Factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0
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and the operating weight of the system is 5 lb/ft (73 N/m) or less.
 Distribution systems included in the exceptions for conduit, cable tray, and raceways in
Section 13.6.5, duct systems in 13.6.6, and piping and tubing systems in 13.6.7.3.
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Where in-line components, such as valves, in-line suspended pumps, and mixing
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boxes, require independent support, they shall be addressed as discrete components and
shall be braced considering the tributary contribution of the attached distribution
system.
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2  Table 13.2-1. Applicable Requirements for Architectural, Mechanical, and Electrical

3  Components: Supports and Attachments.

Nonstructural Element General Design Force and Attachment Architectural Mechanical and
(i.e., Component, Support, Requirements Displacement Requirements Component Electrical
or Attachment) (Section 13.2) Requirements (Section 13.4) Requirements Component
(Section 13.3) (Section 13.5) Requirements
(Section 13.6)

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 Architectural components X X X X
and supports and
attachments for
architectural components
Mechanical and electrical X X X X
components

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Supports and attachments X X X X
for mechanical and

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electrical components

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1  Note: X=applicable requirements.

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13.1.5 Premanufactured Modular Mechanical and Electrical Systems

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Premanufactured mechanical and electrical modules 6 ft (1.8 m) high and taller that are not

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4  otherwise prequalified in accordance with Chapter 13 and that contain or support mechanical and
5  electrical components shall be designed in accordance with the provisions for nonbuilding
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6  structures similar to buildings in Chapter 15. Nonstructural components contained or supported
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within modular systems shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 13.
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8  13.1.6 Application of Nonstructural Component Requirements to Nonbuilding Structures

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9  Nonbuilding structures (including storage racks and tanks) that are supported by other structures
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10  shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 15. Where Section 15.3 requires that seismic forces
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11  be determined in accordance with Chapter 13 and values for CAR and Rpo are not provided in
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12  Table 13.5-1 or 13.6-1, the term in Equation (13.3-1) shall be taken as equal to 2.5/R,
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where the value of R for the nonbuilding structure is listed in Chapter 15 obtained from Tables
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15.4-1 or 15.4-2. The value of ap shall be determined in accordance with footnote

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14  a of
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15  Table 13.5-1 or 13.6-1.

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17  Table 13.5-1. Coefficients for Architectural Components.

Architectural Component CAR Rpo Ωopa

Supported at or Supported above grade
below grade plane plane by a structure

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 Interior nonstructural walls and partitionscb
Light frame ≤ 9 ft (2.74 m) in height 1 1 1.5 2
Light frame > 9 ft (2.74 m) in height 1.4 1.4 1.5 2
Reinforced masonry 1 1 1.5 2
Plain (unreinforced) masonry walls

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All other walls and partitions 2.2 2.8 1.5 1.5

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Cantilever elements (unbraced or braced to structural frame
below its center of mass)

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Parapets and cantilever interior nonstructural walls 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75

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Chimneys where laterally braced or supported by the 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
structural frame

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Cantilever elements (braced to structural frame above its
center of mass)

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Parapets 1 1 1.5 2
Chimneys 1 1 1.5 2
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Exterior nonstructural walls 1 1 1.5 2
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Exterior nonstructural wall elements and connections

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Wall element 1 1 1.5 2
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Body of wall panel connections
Fasteners of the connecting system
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2.2
1
2.8
1.5 2
1.5 1
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Veneer
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Limited-deformability elements and attachments 1 1 1.5 2

Low-deformability elements and attachments 1 1 1.5 2
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Penthouses (except where framed by an extension of the

building frame)
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Seismic force-resisting systems with R ≥ 6 N/A 1.4 2 2

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Seismic force-resisting systems with 6 > R ≥ 4 4 ≤ R < 6 N/A 2.2 2 1.75

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Seismic force-resisting systems with R < 4 N/A 2.8 2 1.5

Other systems N/A 2.8 1.5 1.5
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Ceilings
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All 1 1 1.5 2
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Cabinets
Permanent floor-supported storage cabinets more than 6 ft 1 1 1.5 2
(1.8 m) tall, including contents
Permanent floor-supported library shelving, book stacks, 1 1 1.5 2
and bookshelves more than 6 ft (1.8 m) tall, including
contents
Laboratory equipment 1 1 1.5 2
Access floors
Special access floors (designed in accordance with 1 1 2 2
Section 13.5.7.2)

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 All other 2.2 2.8 1.5 1.5
Appendages and ornamentations 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
Signs and billboards 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
Other rigid components 1 1 1.5 2
High-deformability elements and attachments

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Limited-deformability elements and attachments

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Low-deformability materials and attachments

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Other flexible components
High-deformability elements and attachments 1.4 1.4 1.5 2

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Limited-deformability elements and attachments 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
Low-deformability materials and attachments 2.2 2.8 1.5 1.5

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Egress stairways not part of the building seismic force- 1 1 1.5 2
resisting system

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Egress stairs and ramp fasteners and attachments 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75

1  A lower value for ap shall not be used unless justified by detailed dynamic analysis. The value
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for ap shall not be less than 1. The value of ap 1 is for rigid components and rigidly attached

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components. The value of ap  2½ is for flexible components and flexibly attached components.
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4  Overstrength factor, where required for nonductile anchorage to concrete and masonry (see
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5  Section 13.4.2).12.4.3 for seismic load effects including overstrength.

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6  Where flexible diaphragms provide lateral support for concrete or masonry walls and partitions,
the design forces for anchorage to the diaphragm shall be as specified in Section 12.11.2.
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8  Note: N/A = not applicable.

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9  13.1.7 Reference Documents

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10  Where a reference document provides a basis for the earthquake-resistant design of a particular
11  type of nonstructural component, that document is permitted to be used, subject to the approval
12  of the Authority Having Jurisdiction and the following conditions:

13  1. The design earthquake forces shall not be less than those determined in accordance with
14  Section 13.3.1.
15  2. Each nonstructural component’s seismic interactions with all other connected
16  components and with the supporting structure shall be accounted for in the design. The

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 1  component shall accommodate drifts, deflections, and relative displacements determined
2  in accordance with the applicable seismic requirements of this standard.
3  3. Nonstructural component anchorage requirements shall not be less than those specified in
4  Section 13.4.

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5  13.1.8 Reference Documents Using Allowable Stress Design

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6  Where a reference document provides a basis for the earthquake-resistant design of a particular

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7  type of component, and the same reference document defines acceptance criteria in terms of

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8  allowable stresses rather than strengths, that reference document is permitted to be used. The
9  allowable stress load combination shall consider dead, live, operating, and earthquake loads in

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10  addition to those in the reference document. The earthquake loads determined in accordance with
11  Section 13.3.1 shall be multiplied by a factor of 0.7. The allowable stress design load
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12  combinations of Section 2.4 need not be used. The component shall also accommodate the
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relative displacements specified in Section 13.3.2.
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14  13.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

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15  13.2.1 Applicable Requirements for Architectural, Mechanical, and Electrical Components,
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16  Supports, and Attachments

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17  Architectural, mechanical, and electrical components, supports, and attachments shall comply
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18  with the sections referenced in Table 13.2-1. These requirements shall be satisfied by one of the
19  following methods:
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20  1. Project-specific design and documentation submitted for approval to the Authority
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21  Having Jurisdiction after review and acceptance by a registered design professional; or.
22  2. Submittal of the manufacturer’s certification that the component is seismically qualified
23  by at least one of the following:
24  (a) Analysis, or
25  (b) Testing in accordance with the alternative set forth in Section 13.2.513.2.6, or
26  (c) Experience data in accordance with the alternative set forth in
27  Section 13.2.613.2.7.

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2  13.2.2 Load Combinations

3  Nonstructural components, including their supports and attachments, covered by this cChapter

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4  and not otherwise exempt by Section 13.1.8 shall comply with Section 1.3, including

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5  consideration of load combinations of either Section 2.3 or 2.4, as appropriate. For the purposes

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6  of combining load effects, Fp shall be used per Section 12.4.2.1, and horizontal seismic design

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7  forces including overstrength shall be used per Section 12.4.3.1. 

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9  13.2.32 Special Certification Requirements for Designated Seismic Systems
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10  Certifications shall be provided for designated seismic systems assigned to Seismic Design

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11  Categories C through F as follows:
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12  1. Active mechanical and electrical equipment that must remain operable following the
design earthquake ground motion shall be certified by the manufacturer as operable
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14  whereby active parts or energized components shall be certified exclusively on the basis
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15  of approved shake table testing in accordance with Section 13.2.513.2.6 or experience
16  data in accordance with Section 13.2.613.2.7, unless it can be shown that the component
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17  is inherently rugged by comparison with similar seismically qualified components.

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18  Evidence demonstrating compliance with this requirement shall be submitted for
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19  approval to the Authority Having Jurisdiction after review and acceptance by a registered
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20  design professional.

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21  2. Components with hazardous substances and assigned a component Importance Factor, I p

22  , of 1.5 in accordance with Section 13.1.3 shall be certified by the manufacturer as
23  maintaining containment following the design earthquake ground motion by (a) analysis,
24  (b) approved shake table testing in accordance with Section 13.2.513.2.6, or
25  (c) experience data in accordance with Section 13.2.613.2.7. Evidence demonstrating
26  compliance with this requirement shall be submitted for approval to the Authority Having
27  Jurisdiction after review and acceptance by a registered design professional.

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 1  3. Certification of components through analysis shall be limited to nonactive components

2  and shall be based on seismic demand considering Rp / I p = 2.5equal to 1.0. The

3  value of Rμ shall be taken as 1.3 for components located above the grade plane.

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4  EXCEPTION: If the period of the component, Tp, is less than or equal to 0.06 seconds,

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5  may be taken as 1.0. 

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6  13.2.43 Consequential Damage

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7  The functional and physical interrelationship of components, their supports, and their effect on

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8  each other shall be considered so that the failure of an essential or nonessential architectural,
9  mechanical, or electrical component shall not cause the failure of an essential architectural,
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mechanical, or electrical component. Where not otherwise established by analysis or test,

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11  required clearances for sprinkler system drops and sprigs shall not be less than those specified in
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12  Section 13.2.34.1.
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13.2.34.1 Clearances between Equipment, Distribution Systems, Supports, and Sprinkler

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14  System Drops and Sprigs
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15  The installed clearance between any sprinkler drop or sprig and the following items shall be at
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16  least 3 in. (76 mm) in all directions:

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17  1. Ppermanently attached equipment, including their its structural supports and bracing; and
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18  2. Oother distribution systems, including their structural supports and bracing.
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19  EXCEPTION: Sprinklers installed using flexible sprinkler hose need not meet the installed
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20  clearance requirement of this section.

21  13.2.4 5 Flexibility

22  The design and evaluation of components, their supports, and their attachments shall consider
23  their flexibility and their strength.

24  13.2.65 Testing Alternative for Seismic Capacity Determination

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 1  As an alternative to the analytical requirements of Sections 13.2 through 13.6, testing shall be
2  deemed as an acceptable method to determine the seismic capacity of components and their
3  supports and attachments. Seismic qualification by testing based on a nationally recognized
4  testing standard procedure, such as ICC-ES AC 156, acceptable to the Authority Having

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5  Jurisdiction shall be deemed to satisfy the design and evaluation requirements provided that the

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6  substantiated seismic capacities equal or exceed the seismic demands determined in accordance

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7  with Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2. For the testing alternative, the maximum seismic demand

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8  determined in accordance with Equation (13.3-2) is not required to exceed 3.2I pWp .

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9  13.2.76 Experience Data Alternative for Seismic Capacity Determination

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10  As an alternative to the analytical requirements of Sections 13.2 through 13.6, use of experience
11  data shall be deemed an acceptable method to determine the seismic capacity of components and
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12  their supports and attachments. Seismic qualification by experience data based on nationally
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recognized procedures acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be deemed to satisfy
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14  the design and evaluation requirements provided that the substantiated seismic capacities equal
15  or exceed the seismic demands determined in accordance with Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2.
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16  13.2.87 Construction Documents

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Where design of nonstructural components or their supports and attachments is required by

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18  Table 13.2-1, such design shall be shown in construction documents prepared by a registered
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19  design professional for use by the owner, Aauthorities Hhaving Jjurisdiction, contractors, and
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20  inspectors.
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21  13.2.9 Supported Nonstructural Components with Greater than or Equal to 20%
22  Combined Weight

23  For the condition where the weight of a nonstructural component is equal to or greater than 20%
24  of the combined effective seismic weight, W, of the nonstructural component and the supporting
25  structure, an analysis combining the structural characteristics of both the nonstructural
26  component and the supporting structure shall be performed to determine the seismic design
27  forces. The nonstructural component and the supporting structure shall be designed for forces

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 1  and displacements determined in accordance with Chapter 12 or Section 15.5, as appropriate,

2  with the R value of the combined system taken as the lesser of the Rp value of 0.40 ofof the

3  nonstructural component or the R value of the supporting structure. The nonstructural component

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4  and attachments shall be designed for the forces and displacements resulting from the combined

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5  analysis. Design criteria for the nonstructural component shall otherwise be in accordance with

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6  this chapter.

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8  EXCEPTION: Where the ratio of the fundamental period of the nonstructural component and
9  its attachment (to the structure) to the fundamental period of the supporting structure (including

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10  the lumped weight of the nonstructural component) is less than 0.5 or greater than 2.0, the
11  supporting structure is permitted to be designed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter
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12  12 or Section 15.5, as appropriate. The supported nonstructural component shall follow the
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requirements of Chapter 13 as if the weight of the nonstructural component waswere less than
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14  20% of the combined effective seismic weight, W, of the nonstructural component and
15  supporting structure.
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13.3 SEISMIC DEMANDS ON NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

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13.3.1 Seismic Design Force

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18  13.3.1.1 Horizontal Force.

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19  The horizontal seismic design force ( Fp ) shall be applied at the component’s center of gravity
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20  and distributed relative to the component’s mass distribution and shall be determined in
21  accordance with Eq. (13.3-1):

0.4a p SDSWp  z
Fp   1 2 
Rp  h
( )
Ip
22  (13.3-1)

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 1  Fp is not required to be taken as greater than

2  Fp  1.6SDS I pWp (13.3-2)

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3  and Fp shall not be taken as less than

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4  Fp  0.3SDS I pWp (13.3-3)

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5  where

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6  Fp = seismic design force;

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SDS = spectral acceleration, short period, as determined from Section 11.4.5;
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8  ap = component amplification factor that varies from 1.00 to 2.50 (select appropriate value from
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Table 13.5-1 or 13.6-1);
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10  I p = component Importance Factor that varies from 1.00 to 1.50 (see Section 13.1.3);
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11  Wp = component operating weight;

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12  Rp = component response modification factor that varies from 1.00 to 12 (select appropriate
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13  value from Table 13.5-1 or 13.6-1);

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14  z = height in structure of point of attachment of component with respect to the base. For items at
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15  or below the base, z shall be taken as 0. The value of z / h need not exceed 1.0; and
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16  h = average roof height of structure with respect to the base.

17  The overstrength factor, Ω0 , in Table 13.5-1 and Table 13.6-1, is applicable only to anchorage of

18  components to concrete and masonry where required by Section 13.4.2 or the standards
19  referenced therein and shall be applied in accordance with Section 12.4.3. The redundancy
20  factor, ρ, is permitted to be taken as equal to 1, and the overstrength factors in Table 12.2-1 need

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 1  not apply. Fp shall be applied independently in at least two orthogonal horizontal directions in

2  combination with service or operating loads associated with the component, as appropriate. For
3  vertically cantilevered systems, however, Fp shall be assumed to act in any horizontal direction.

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4  13.3.1.2 Vertical Force.

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5  The component shall be designed for a concurrent vertical force 0.2SDSWp .

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6  EXCEPTION: The concurrent vertical seismic force need not be considered for lay-in access
7  floor panels and lay-in ceiling panels.

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8  13.3.1.3 Nonseismic Loads.
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9  Where nonseismic loads on nonstructural components exceed Fp , such loads shall govern the
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strength design, but the detailing requirements and limitations prescribed in this chapter shall
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11  apply.
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12  13.3.1.4 Dynamic Analysis.

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13  In lieu of the forces determined in accordance with Eq. (13.3-1), accelerations used to determine
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design forces for nonstructural components are permitted to be determined by one of the
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15  following dynamic analysis methods:
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1. Linear dynamic analysis procedures of Section 12.9,

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16 
17  2. Nonlinear response history procedures of Chapters 16, 17, and 18,
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18  3. Floor response spectra using the procedures in Section 13.3.1.1 or 13.3.1.2. Where the
19  alternate floor response spectra approach of Section 13.3.1.2 is used, the procedures and
20  results shall be subject to an independent peer review in accordance with
21  Section 1.3.1.3.4.
22  Seismic forces shall be in accordance with Eq. (13.3-4):

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 ai a pWp
1  Fp  Ax (13.3-4)
Rp
( )
Ip

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2  Determination of the accelerations of the structure using these methods shall be performed with
R  1.0 . Seismic forces for the linear dynamic analysis or seismic response history procedures

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3 

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4  shall be calculated in accordance with Eq. (13.3-4), where ai is the maximum acceleration at

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5  level i obtained from the modal analysis and where Ax is the torsional amplification factor

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6  determined by Eq. (12.8-14). Where seismic response history analysis with at least seven ground

motions are analyzed, ai shall be taken as the average of the maximum accelerations. Where

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7 

8  fewer than seven motions are used, the maximum acceleration value for each floor shall be based
on the maximum value from the ground motions analyzed. Upper and lower limits of Fp
ot nd E
9 

n
N U M
10  determined by Eqs. (13.3-2) and (13.3-3) shall apply.
se li
M

11  13.3.1.4.1 Floor Response Spectra. Floor accelerations at any level are permitted to be
12  determined by the calculation of floor response spectra. The floor response spectrum shall be
D ut O

13  calculated for the design earthquake at each floor level based on a seismic response history
C

14  analysis in accordance with Section 12.9 or in accordance with the procedures in Chapters 16,
15  17, or 18. For structures with damping systems designed in accordance with Chapter 18, a
e C
/

16  response history analysis shall be performed at the design earthquake level using the procedures
rik LI

17  in Section 18.3. The floor response spectrum shall be calculated for each ground motion record
o
St B

18  analyzed. The floor acceleration, ai , shall be the maximum acceleration value from the floor
PU

19  response spectra for the component period, and the value of ap shall be taken as 1.0.
o

20  13.3.1.4.2 Alternate Floor Response Spectra. The periods of vibration and mode shapes of the
21  structure shall be calculated for at least the first three modes in each orthogonal direction using
22  the modal linear dynamic analysis procedure in Section 12.9. The modal participation factors for
23  each of the first three modes shall be calculated in each direction.

15
 1  The component dynamic amplification factor, DAF , determined as a ratio of the component

2  period, Tp , to the building modal period, Tx , shall be determined based on Fig. 13.3-1.

ite rm T
C Fo AF
at
or e R D
3 

4  FIGURE 13.3-1 Component Dynamic Amplification Factor

U er NT
5  For each of the first three modes in each direction, the modal acceleration at each floor shall be
calculated as a function of the nonstructural component period based on Eq. (13.3-5):
ot nd E
6 

n
N U M
7  se li
Aix  pixSai DAF (13.3-5)
M

8  where Aix is the floor acceleration for mode x at level i , pix is the modal participation factor for
D ut O

9  mode x at level i obtained from the modal analysis, Sai is the spectral acceleration for mode x ,
C

10  and DAF is the dynamic amplification factor as a function of the ratio of component period to
e C
/

11  building period for mode x using Fig. 13.3-1.

rik LI

12  The floor response spectrum shall be taken as the maximum floor acceleration at each building
o
St B

13  modal period for at least the first three modes, but not less than the spectral acceleration at the
PU

14  base of the building.

o

15  The design seismic horizontal force in each direction for a nonstructural component shall be

16  determined by Eq. (13.3-4) with the product of ai ap replaced by Aix , the acceleration from the

17  floor response spectrum for the period of vibration of the nonstructural component at level i on
18  which the nonstructural component is anchored.

19  13.3.1 Horizontal Seismic Design Forces

16
 1  The horizontal seismic design force,  Fp , shall be applied at the component’s center of gravity

2  and distributed relative to the component’s mass distribution. The redundancy factor, ρ, is
3  permitted to be taken as equal to 1.

ite rm T
4  The directions of Fp used shall be those that produce the most critical load effects on the

C Fo AF
5  component, the component supports, and attachments. Alternatively, it is permitted to use the

at
6  more severe of the following two load cases:

or e R
7   Case 1: A combination of 100% of Fp in any one horizontal direction and 30% of Fp

D
8  in a perpendicular horizontal direction applied simultaneously.


U er NT
9  Case 2: The combination from Case 1 rotated 90 degrees.
10  The horizontal seismic design force shall be determined in accordance with Equation (13.3-
11  1):calculated as
ot nd E
n
N U M
12  𝐹 se li
0.4𝑆 𝐼 𝑊 (13.3-1)
M

Fp
13  is not required to be taken as greater than
D ut O

Fp = 1.6SDSIpWp (13.3-2)
C

14 

15  and shall not be taken as less than

e C
/
rik LI

16  Fp = 0.3SDSIpWp (13.3-3)

o
St B

17  where
PU

Fp
o

18  = Seismic design force;

S DS
19  = Spectral acceleration, short period, as determined in accordance with Section 11.4.5;

Ip
20  = Component Importance Factor as determined in accordance with Section 13.1.3;

Wp
21  = Component operating weight;

17
 1  Hf = Factor for force amplification as a function of height in the structure as determined in
2  Section 13.3.1.1;

3  Rμ = Structure ductility reduction factor as determined in Section 13.3.1.2;

ite rm T
4  CAR = Component resonance ductility factor that converts the peak floor or ground acceleration

C Fo AF
5  into the peak component acceleration, as determined in Section 13.3.1.3; and

at
6  Rpo = Component strength factor as determined in Section 13.3.1.4.

or e R
13.3.1.1 Amplification with Height, Hf

D
7 

8  For nonstructural components supported at or below grade plane, the factor for force

U er NT
9  amplification with height, Hf, is = 1.0. For components supported above grade plane by a
10  building or nonbuilding structure, the factor for force amplification with height, Hf, is permitted
ot nd E
n
11  to be determined by Equation (13.3-4) or Equation (13.3-5). Where the approximate fundamental
N U M
12 
13 
se li
period of the supporting building or nonbuilding structure is unknown, Hf is permitted to be
determined by Equation (13.3-5).
M
D ut O

14  𝐻 1 𝑎 𝑎 (13.3-4)
C

15  𝐻 1 2.5 (13.3-5)

e C
/

16  where
rik LI

17  𝑎 2.5;
o
St B
PU

18  𝑎 1 0.4⁄𝑇 0;
o

19  z = Height above the base of the structure to the point of attachment of the component. For items
20  at or below the base, z shall be taken as 0. The value of need not exceed 1.0;

21  h = Average roof height of structure with respect to the base; and

22  Ta = Lowest approximate fundamental period of the supporting building or nonbuilding structure
23  in either orthogonal direction. For structures with combinations of seismic force-resisting

18
 1  systems (SFRSs), the seismic force-resisting systemSFRS that produces the lowest value of Ta
2  shall be used.

3  For the purposes of computing Hf, Ta is determined using Equation (12.8-7) for buildings. Where
the seismic force-resisting systemSFRS is unknown, Ta is permitted to be determined by

ite rm T
4 
Equation (12.8-7) using the approximate period parameters for “all other structures.”

C Fo AF
5 

at
6  For nonbuilding structures, Ta is permitted to be taken as

or e R
7  (a) The period of the nonbuilding structure, T, determined using the structural properties and

D
8  deformation characteristics of the resisting elements in a properly substantiated analysis
9  as indicated in Section 12.8.2; or

U er NT
10  (b) The period of the nonbuilding structure, T, determined using Equation (15.4-6); or
ot nd E
n
11  (c) The period Ta determined by Equation (12.8-7), using the approximate period parameters
N U M
12  se li
for “all other structures.”
M

13  13.3.1.2 Structure Ductility Reduction Factor, Rµ

D ut O

14  For components supported by a building or nonbuilding structure, the reduction factor for
C

15  ductility of the supporting structure, Rµ, is determined by Equation (13.3-6):calculated as

16  Rµ = [1.1R/(IeΩ0)]1/2 ≥ 1.3 (13.3-6)

e C
/
rik LI

17  where
o
St B

18  Ie = Importance Factor as prescribed in Section 11.5.1 for the building or nonbuilding structure
PU

19  supporting the component;

o

20  R = Response modification factor for the building or nonbuilding structure supporting the
21  component, from Table 12.2-1, Table 15.4-1, or Table 15.4-2; and

22  Ω0 = Overstrength factor for the building or nonbuilding structure supporting the component,
23  from Table 12.2-1, Table 15.4-1, or Table 15.4-2.

24  For components supported at or below grade plane, the value of Rµ shall be taken as 1.0. When
25  the seismic force-resisting system (SFRS) of the building or nonbuilding structure is not

19
 1  specified, the value of Rµ shall be taken as 1.3 for components above grade plane. When the
2  seismic force-resisting systemSFRS of the building or nonbuilding structure is not listed in Table
3  12.2-1, Table 15.4-1, or Table 15.4-2, the value of Rµ shall be taken as 1.3 for components above
4  grade plane, unless seismic design parameters for the seismic force-resisting systemSFRS have

ite rm T
5  been approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

C Fo AF
If the building or nonbuilding structure supporting the component contains combinations of

at
6 
7  seismic force-resisting systemsSFRSs in different directions, or vertical combinations of seismic

or e R
8  force-resisting systemsSFRSs, the structure ductility reduction factor for the entire structure shall

D
9  be based on the seismic force resisting systemSFRS that produces the lowest value of Rµ. Where
10  a nonbuilding structure type listed in Table 15.4-1 has multiple entries based on permissible

U er NT
11  height increases, the value of Rµ is permitted to be determined using values of R and Ω0 for the
12  “with permitted height increase” entry.
ot nd E
n
13  13.3.1.3 Component Resonance Ductility Factor, CAR
N U M
se li
Components shall be assigned a component resonance ductility factor, CAR, based on whether the
M

14 
15  component is supported at or below grade plane, or is supported above grade plane by a building
D ut O

16  or nonbuilding structure. Components that are in or supported by a building or nonbuilding

C

17  structure and are at or below grade plane are considered supported at or below grade. All other
18  components in or supported by a building or nonbuilding structure are considered supported
e C
/

19  above grade.

rik LI

20  Architectural components shall be assigned a component resonance ductility factor in Table
o
St B

21  13.5-1.
PU

Mechanical and electrical equipment shall be assigned a component resonance ductility factor in
o

22 
23  Table 13.6-1. The component resonance ductility factor for mechanical and electrical equipment
24  mounted on the equipment support structures or platforms shall not be less than the component
25  resonance ductility factor used for the equipment support structure or platform itself.

26  The component resonance ductility factor for equipment support structures or platforms shall be
27  determined in accordance with Section 13.6.4.6. The weight of supported mechanical and

20
 1  electrical components shall be included when calculating the component operating weight, Wp, of
2  equipment support structures or platforms.

3  Distribution systems shall be assigned component resonance ductility factors in Table 13.6-1, to
be used for the design of the distribution system itself (e.g., the piping, ducts, and raceways). The

ite rm T
4 
component resonance ductility factor for distribution system supports shall be determined in

C Fo AF
5 
accordance with Section 13.6.4.7

at
6 

or e R
7  13.3.1.4 Component Strength, Rpo

D
8  The component strength factor, Rpo, for nonstructural components is given in Tables 13.5-1 or
9  13.6-1.

U er NT
10  13.3.1.5 Nonlinear Response History Analysis
ot nd E
n
11  In lieu of the forces determined in accordance with Equation (13.3-1), the nonlinear response
N U M
12 
13 
se li
history analyseis procedures of Chapters 16,. 17, and 18 may be used to determine the seismic
design force for nonstructural components. Where the dynamic properties of the nonstructural
M

14  component are not explicitly modeled in the nonlinear response history analyseis, the seismic
D ut O

15  design force, Fp, shall be in accordance with Equation (13.3-7): calculated as
C

16  𝐹 𝐼 𝑊𝑎 (13.3-7)
e C
/

17  Wwhere ai is the maximum acceleration at level i obtained from the nonlinear response history
rik LI

18  analysis at the Design Earthquake ground motion. When ai is determined using nonlinear
o
St B

19  response history analysis, a suite of not less than 7seven ground motions shall be used. If the
PU

20  supporting structure is designed using nonlinear response history analysis, the entire suite of
o

21  ground motions used to design the structure shall be used to determine ai. The value of the
22  parameter ai shall be taken as the mean of the maximum values of acceleration at the center of
23  mass of the support level, obtained from each analysis. The upper and lower limits of Fp
24  determined by Equations (13.3-2) and (13.3-3) shall apply.

25  13.3.1.6 Vertical Seismic Force

21
 1  The component, including theirits supports and attachments, shall be designed for a concurrent
2  vertical seismic design force equal to Ev per Section 12.4.2.2.

3  EXCEPTION: The concurrent vertical seismic force need not be considered for lay-in access
floor panels and lay-in ceiling panels.

ite rm T
4 

C Fo AF
5  13.3.1.7 Nonseismic Loads

at
6  Where nonseismic loads on nonstructural components exceed Fp, such loads shall govern the

or e R
7  strength design, but the detailing requirements and limitations prescribed in this chapter shall

D
8  apply.

U er NT
9  13.3.2 Seismic Relative Displacements

10  The effects of seismic relative displacements shall be considered in combination with
ot nd E
n
11  displacements caused by other loads as appropriate. Seismic relative displacements, DpI , shall
N U M

12 
se li
be determined in accordance with Equation (13.3-6):calculated as
M

DpI  Dp Ie
D ut O

13  (13.3-613.3-8)
C

14  where I e is the Importance Factor in Section 11.5.1, and Dp is the displacement determined in
e C
/

15  accordance with the equations set forth in Sections 13.3.2.1 and 13.3.2.2.
rik LI

16  13.3.2.1 Displacements within Structures

o
St B

For two connection points on the same structure A or the same structural system, one at a height
PU

17 
o

18  hx and the other at a height hy , Dp shall be determined as

Dp  ΔxA  ΔyA
19  Dp = xA –- yA (13.3-713.3-9)

20  where

21  Dp = Relative seismic displacement the component must be designed to accommodate;

22
 1  xA = Deflection at building level x of structure A, determined in accordance with Equation (12.8-
2  15); and

3  yA = Deflection at building level y of structure A, determined in accordance with Equation (12.8-

ite rm T
4  15).

C Fo AF
5  Alternatively, Dp is permitted to be determined using the linear dynamic procedures described in

at
6  Section 12.9. For structures in which the story drift associated with the Design Earthquake

or e R
7  Displacement does not exceed the allowable story drift as defined in Table 12.12-1, For Dp is not

D
8  required to be taken as greater than

U er NT
( hx  hy )Δ aA
9  Dp  (13.3-813.3-10)
hsx
ot nd E
n
10  where aA is the allowable story drift for structure A as designed in Table 12.12-1, and hsx is the
N U M

11 
se li
story height used in the definition of the allowable drift, a, in Table 12.12-1.
M

12  Where single-story structures are designed in accordance with note c of Table 12.12-1, Equation
D ut O

13  (13.3-813.3-10) shall not apply.

C

14  13.3.2.2 Displacements between Structures

e C
/

15  For two connection points on separate structures A and B or separate structural systems, one at a
rik LI

16  height hx and the other at a height hy , Dp shall be determined as

o
St B
PU

17  Dp | xA |  |  yB | (13.3-913.3-11)

o

18  For structures in which the story drifts associated with the Design Earthquake Displacement does
19  not exceed the allowable story drift as defined in Table 12.12-1, is not required to be taken as
20  greater than

hx Δ aA hy Δ aB
21  Dp   (13.3-1013.3-12)
hsx hsx

23
 1  Where single-story structures are designed in accordance with note c of Table 12.12-1, Equation
2  (13.3-1013.3-12) shall not apply.

3  where

ite rm T
4  Dp = Relative seismic displacement the component must be designed to accommodate;

C Fo AF
at
5  xA = Deflection at building level x of structure A at the Design Earthquake Displacement;,

or e R
6  determined in accordance with Equation (12.8-15);

D
7   yA = Deflection at building level y of structure A at the Design Earthquake Displacement;,

U er NT
8  determined in accordance with Equation (12.8-15);

9   yB = Deflection at building level y of structure B at the Design Earthquake Displacement;,

ot nd E
n
10  determined in accordance with Equation (12.8-15);
N U M
se li
hx = Height of level x to which upper connection point is attached;
M

11 
D ut O

12  hy = Height of level y to which lower connection point is attached;

C

13  ΔaA = Allowable story drift for structure A as defined in Table 12.12-1;
e C
/

ΔaB = Allowable story drift for structure B as defined in Table 12.12-1; and
rik LI

14 
o
St B

15  hsx = Story height used in the definition of allowable drift, Δa , in Table 12.12-1. Note that
PU

Δa / hsx is the drift index.

o

16 

17  The effects of seismic relative displacements shall be considered in combination with
18  displacements caused by other loads as appropriate.

19  13.3.3 Component Period

24
 1  The fundamental period, Tp , of the nonstructural component, including its supports and

2  attachment to the structure, shall be determined by the following equation, provided that the
3  component, supports, and attachment can be reasonably represented analytically by a simple
4  single-degree-of-freedom spring- and- mass single degree-of-freedom system:

ite rm T
C Fo AF
Wp

at
Tp  2π
Kp g
5  (13.3-1113.3-13)

or e R D
6  where

U er NT
7  Tp = Component fundamental period,;

8  Wp = Component operating weight,;

ot nd E
n
N U M
9  se li
g = Gravitational acceleration;; and
M

10  Kp = Combined stiffness of the component, supports, and attachments, determined in terms of
D ut O

11  load per unit deflection at the center of gravity of the component.
C

12  Alternatively, the fundamental period of the component, Tp , in seconds is permitted to be

e C
/

13  determined from experimental test data or by a properly substantiated analysis.

rik LI

14  13.4 NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENT ANCHORAGE AND ATTACHMENT

o
St B

15  Nonstructural components and their supports shall be attached (or anchored) to the structure in
PU

16  accordance with the requirements of this section, and the attachment shall satisfy the
17  requirements for the parent material as set forth elsewhere in this standard.

18  Except where permitted in Section 13.6.12, component attachments shall be bolted, welded, or
19  otherwise positively fastened without consideration of frictional resistance produced by the
20  effects of gravity. A continuous load path of sufficient strength and stiffness between the
21  component and the supporting structure shall be provided. Local elements of the structure,
22  including connections, shall be designed and constructed for the component forces where they

25
 1  control the design of the elements or their connections. The component forces shall be those
2  determined in Section 13.3.1. The design documents shall include sufficient information relating
3  to the attachments to verify compliance with the requirements of this section.

ite rm T
4  13.4.1 Design Force in the Attachment

C Fo AF
5  The force in the attachment shall be determined based on the prescribed forces and

at
6  displacements for the component as determined in Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2, except that Rp

or e R
7  shall not be taken as larger than 6.

D
8  13.4.2 Anchors in Concrete or Masonry

9 

U er NT
When it is required to apply the seismic load effects including overstrength in Section 12.4.3, Ω0
ot nd E
10  shall be taken as the anchorage overstrength factor, Ω0p, given in Tables 13.5-1 and 13.6-1.

n
N U M
11   
se li
M

12  13.4.2.1 Anchors in Concrete

D ut O

13  Anchors in concrete shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 17 of ACI 318.
C

14  13.4.2.2 Anchors in Masonry

e C
/
rik LI

15  Anchors in masonry shall be designed in accordance with TMS 402. Anchors shall be designed
to be governed by the tensile or shear strength of a ductile steel element.
o

16 
St B
PU

17  EXCEPTION: Anchors shall be permitted to be designed so that either

o

18  1. Tthe support or component that the anchor is connecting to the structure undergoes
19  ductile yielding at a load level corresponding to anchor forces not greater than the design
20  strength of the anchors, or
21  2. Tthe anchors shall be designed to resist the load combinations in accordance with
22  Section 12.4.313.2.2, including Ω0p as given in Tables 13.5-1 and 13.6-1.

23  13.4.2.3 Post-Installed Anchors in Concrete and Masonry

26
 1  Post-installed anchors in concrete shall be prequalified for seismic applications in accordance
2  with ACI 355.2 or other approved qualification procedures. Post-installed anchors in masonry
3  shall be prequalified for seismic applications in accordance with approved qualification
4  procedures.

ite rm T
C Fo AF
5  13.4.3 Installation Conditions

at
6  Determination of forces in attachments shall take into account the expected conditions of

or e R
7  installation, including eccentricities and prying effects.

D
8  13.4.4 Multiple Attachments

U er NT
9  Determination of force distribution of multiple attachments at one location shall take into
10  account the stiffness and ductility of the component, component supports, attachments, and
ot nd E
n
11  structure, and the ability to redistribute loads to other attachments in the group. Designs of
N U M
12  se li
anchorage in concrete in accordance with Chapter 17 of ACI 318 shall be considered to satisfy
M

13  this requirement.

D ut O

14  13.4.5 Power-Actuated Fasteners

C

15  Power-actuated fasteners in concrete or steel shall not be used for sustained tension loads or for
e C

brace applications in Seismic Design Categoryies D, E, or F unless approved for seismic loading.
/

16 
17  Power-actuated fasteners in masonry are not permitted unless approved for seismic loading.
rik LI
o

18  EXCEPTIONS:
St B
PU

19  1. Power-actuated fasteners in concrete used for support of acoustical tile or lay-in panel
o

20  suspended ceiling applications and distributed systems where the service load on any
21  individual fastener does not exceed 90 lb (400 N), and
22  2. Power-actuated fasteners in steel where the service load on any individual fastener does
23  not exceed 250 lb (1,112 N).

24  13.4.6 Friction Clips

27
 1  Friction clips in Seismic Design Categoryies D, E, or F shall not be used for supporting
2  permanent loads in addition to resisting seismic forces. C-type beam and large flange clamps are
3  permitted for hangers, provided that they are equipped with restraining straps equivalent to those
4  specified in NFPA 13, Section 9.3.7. Lock nuts or equivalent shall be provided to prevent

ite rm T
5  loosening of threaded connections.

C Fo AF
at
6  13.5 ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS

or e R
7  13.5.1 General. Architectural components, and their supports and attachments, shall satisfy the

D
8  requirements of this section. Appropriate coefficients shall be selected from Table 13.5-1.

U er NT
9  EXCEPTION: Components supported by chains or otherwise suspended from the structure are
10  not required to satisfy the seismic force and relative displacement requirements, provided that
ot nd E
11  they meet all of the following criteria:

n
N U M
12  se li
1. The design load for such items shall be equal to 1.4 times the operating weight acting
down with a simultaneous horizontal load equal to 1.4 times the operating weight. The
M

13 
14  horizontal load shall be applied in the direction that results in the most critical loading for
D ut O

15  design.
C

16  2. Seismic interaction effects shall be considered in accordance with Section 13.2.313.2.4.
17  3. The connection to the structure shall allow a 360-deg degree range of motion in the
e C
/

18  horizontal plane.

rik LI

19  13.5.2 Forces and Displacements

o
St B
PU

20  All architectural components, and their supports and attachments, shall be designed for the
o

21  seismic forces defined in Section 13.3.1.

22  Architectural components that could pose a life-safety hazard shall be designed to accommodate
23  the seismic relative displacement requirements of Section 13.3.2. Architectural components shall
24  be designed considering vertical deflection caused by joint rotation of cantilever structural
25  members.

26  13.5.3 Exterior Nonstructural Wall Elements and Connections

28
 1  Exterior nonstructural wall panels or elements that are attached to or enclose the structure shall
2  be designed to accommodate the seismic relative displacements defined in Section 13.3.2 and
3  movements caused by temperature changes. Such elements shall be supported by means of
4  positive and direct structural supports or by mechanical connections and fasteners in accordance

ite rm T
5  with the following requirements:

C Fo AF
1. Connections and panel joints shall allow for the story drift caused by relative seismic

at
6 

7  displacements, DpI , determined in Section 13.3.2, or 0.5 in. (13 mm), whichever is

or e R
8  greater.

D
9  2. Connections accommodating story drift through sliding mechanisms or bending of

U er NT
10  threaded steel rods shall satisfy all of the following.
11  (a) Threaded rods or bolts shall be fabricated of low-carbon or stainless steel. Where
12  cold-worked carbon steel threaded rods are used, the rods as fabricated shall meet
ot nd E
n
13  or exceed the reduction of area, elongation, and tensile strength requirements of
N U M
14 
se li ASTM F1554, Grade 36. Grade 55 rods shall also be permitted provided that they
M

15  meet the requirements of Supplement 1; and

(b) Where threaded rods connecting the panel to the supports are used in connections
D ut O

16 
17  using slotted or oversize holes, the rods shall have length- to- diameter ratios of 4
C

18  or less, where the length is the clear distance between the nuts or threaded plates.
19  The slots or oversized holes shall be proportioned to accommodate the full in-
e C
/

20  plane design story drift in each direction, the nuts shall be installed finger-tight,
rik LI

21  and a positive means to prevent the nut from backing off shall be used; and
o
St B

22  (c) Connections that accommodate story drift by bending of threaded rods shall
PU

23  satisfy Equation (13.5-1):

o

24  (L/d)/Dpl ≥ 6.0 (1/in.) (13.5-1)

( L / d ) / DpI  0.24[1/ mm]
25  (L/d)/Dpl ≥ 0.24 (1/mm) (13.5-1.SI)
26  where
27  L = Clear length of rod between nuts or threaded plates [in. (mm)],;
28  d = Rod diameter [in. (mm)],; and

29
 1  DpI = Relative seismic displacement that the connection must be designed to
2  accommodate [in. (mm)].
3  3. The connecting member itself shall have sufficient ductility and rotation capacity to
4  preclude fracture of the concrete or brittle failures at or near welds.

ite rm T
5  4. All fasteners in the connecting system, such as bolts, inserts, welds, and dowels, and the

C Fo AF
body of the connectors, shall be designed for the force, Fp , determined by Section 13.3.1

at
6 

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7  using the applicable design coefficients with values of Rp , ap , and Ω0 taken from

D
8  Table 13.5-1, applied at the center of mass of the panel. The connecting system shall
9  include both the connections between the wall panels or elements and the structure, and

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10  the interconnections between wall panels or elements.
11  5. Where anchorage is achieved using flat straps embedded in concrete or masonry, such
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12  straps shall be attached to or hooked around reinforcing steel or otherwise terminated so

n
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13  as to effectively transfer forces to the reinforcing steel or to ensure that pullout of
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14  anchorage is not the initial failure mechanism.
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15  13.5.4 Glass

D ut O C

16  Glass in glazed curtain walls and storefronts shall be designed and installed to accommodate
17  without breakage or dislodgement the relative- displacement requirement of Section 13.5.9.
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18  Where glass is secured to the window system framing by means of structural sealant glazing, the
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19  requirements contained in the reference standards listed in Table 13.5-2 shall also apply.
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20 
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21  Table 13.5-2. Reference Standards for Structural Sealant Glazing.

ASTM
ASTM C1087,-00 Test Method for Determining Compatibility of Liquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used
in Structural Glazing Systems
ASTM C1135,-00 Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Properties of Structural Sealants
ASTM C1184,-14 Specification for Structural Silicone Sealants
ASTM C1265,-94 Test Method for Determining the Tensile Properties of an Insulating Glass Edge Seal for
Structural Glazing Applications

30
 ASTM C1294,-07 Test Method for Compatibility of Insulating Glass Edge Sealants with Liquid-Applied Glazing
Materials
ASTM C1369,-07 Specification for Secondary Edge Sealants for Structurally Glazed Insulating Glass Units

1 

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2  13.5.5 Out-of-Plane Bending

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3  Transverse or out-of-plane bending or deformation of a component or system that is subjected to

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4  forces as determined in Section 13.5.2 shall not exceed the deflection capability of the

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5  component or system.

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6  13.5.6 Suspended Ceilings

7  Suspended ceilings shall be in accordance with this section.

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8  EXCEPTIONS:
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2 2
9  1. Suspended ceilings with areas less than or equal to 144 ft2 (13.4 m2) 144 ft ( 13.4 m )
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10  that are surrounded by walls or soffits that are laterally braced to the structure above are
11  exempt from the requirements of this section.
C

12  2. Suspended ceilings constructed of screw- or nail-attached gypsum board on one level that
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are surrounded by and connected to walls or soffits that are laterally braced to the
/

13 
14  structure above are exempt from the requirements of this section.
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o
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15  13.5.6.1 Seismic Forces

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16  The weight of the ceiling, Wp , shall include the ceiling grid; ceiling tiles or panels; light fixtures

17  if attached to, clipped to, or laterally supported by the ceiling grid; and other components that are
18  laterally supported by the ceiling. Wp shall be taken as not less than 4 lb/ft2 (192 N/m2).

19  The seismic force, Fp , shall be transmitted through the ceiling attachments to the building

20  structural elements or the ceiling–structure boundary.

31
 1  13.5.6.2 Industry Standard Construction for Acoustical Tile or Lay-In Panel Ceilings

2  Unless designed in accordance with Section 13.5.6.3, or seismically qualified in accordance

3  with Section 13.2.513.2.6 or 13.2.613.2.7, acoustical tile or lay-in panel ceilings shall be

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4  designed and constructed in accordance with this section.

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5  13.5.6.2.1 Seismic Design Category C. Acoustical tile or lay-in panel ceilings in structures

at
6  assigned to Seismic Design Category C shall be designed and installed in accordance with

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7  ASTM C635, ASTM C636, and ASTM E580, Section 4, Seismic Design Category C.

D
8  13.5.6.2.2 Seismic Design Categories D through F.

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9  13.5.6.2.2 Seismic Design Categories D through F. Acoustical tile or lay-in panel ceilings in
10  structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories D, E, and F shall be designed and installed in
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11  accordance with ASTM C635, ASTM C636, and ASTM E580, Section 5, Seismic Design

n
Categories D, E, and F, as modified by this section.
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12 
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13  Acoustical tile or lay-in panel ceilings shall also comply with the following:
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14  (a) The width of the perimeter supporting closure angle or channel shall be not less
15  than 2.0 in. (50 mm), unless qualified perimeter supporting clips are used. Closure
C

16  angles or channels shall be screwed or otherwise positively attached to wall studs or
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other supporting structures. Perimeter supporting clips shall be qualified in

/

17 
18  accordance with approved test criteria per Section 13.2.513.2.6. Perimeter supporting
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19  clips shall be attached to the supporting closure angle or channel with a minimum of
o
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20  two screws per clip and shall be installed around the entire ceiling perimeter. In each
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21  orthogonal horizontal direction, one end of the ceiling grid shall be attached to the
o

22  closure angle, channel, or perimeter supporting clip. The other end of the ceiling grid
23  in each horizontal direction shall have a minimum 0.75 in. (19 mm) clearance from
24  the wall and shall rest upon on and be free to slide on a closure angle, channel, or
25  perimeter supporting clip.

26  (b) For ceiling areas exceeding 2,500 ft2 (232 m2), a seismic separation joint or full-
27  height partition that breaks the ceiling up into areas not exceeding 2,500 ft2 (232 m2),
28  each with a ratio of the long to short dimension less than or equal to 4, shall be

32
 1  provided, unless structural analyses are performed of the ceiling bracing system for
2  the prescribed seismic forces which demonstrate that ceiling penetrations and closure
3  angles or channels provide sufficient clearance to accommodate the anticipated lateral
4  displacement. Each area shall be provided with closure angles or channels in

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5  accordance with Section 13.5.6.2.2.a and horizontal restraints or bracing.

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6  13.5.6.3 Integral Construction

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7  As an alternate alternative to providing large clearances around sprinkler system penetrations

D
8  through ceilings, the sprinkler system and ceiling grid are permitted to be designed and tied
9  together as an integral unit. Such a design shall consider the mass and flexibility of all elements

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10  involved, including the ceiling, sprinkler system, light fixtures, and mechanical (HVACR)
11  appurtenances. Such design shall be performed by a registered design professional.
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13.5.7 Access Floors
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12 
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13  13.5.7.1 General

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14  The weight of the access floor, Wp , shall include the weight of the floor system, 100% of the
C

15  weight of all equipment fastened to the floor, and 25% of the weight of all equipment supported
by but not fastened to the floor. The seismic force, Fp , shall be transmitted from the top surface
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16 
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17  of the access floor to the supporting structure.

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o

Overturning effects of equipment fastened to the access floor panels also shall be considered.
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18 
19  The ability of “slip on” heads for pedestals shall be evaluated for suitability to transfer
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20  overturning effects of equipment.

21  Where checking individual pedestals for overturning effects, the maximum concurrent axial load
22  shall not exceed the portion of Wp assigned to the pedestal under consideration.

23  13.5.7.2 Special Access Floors

33
 1  Access floors shall be considered to be “special access floors” if they are designed to comply
2  with the following considerations:

3  1. Connections transmitting seismic loads consist of mechanical fasteners, anchors

satisfying the requirements of Chapter 17 of ACI 318, welding, or bearing. Design load

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4 
capacities comply with recognized design codes and/or certified test results.

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5 
2. Seismic loads are not transmitted by friction, power-actuated fasteners, adhesives, or by

at
6 
7  friction produced solely by the effects of gravity.

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8  3. The design analysis of the bracing system includes the destabilizing effects of individual

D
9  members buckling in compression.
10  4. Bracing and pedestals are of structural or mechanical shapes produced to ASTM

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11  specifications that specify minimum mechanical properties. Electrical tubing shall not be
12  used.
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13  5. Floor stringers are used that are designed to carry axial seismic loads and that are
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14  se li
mechanically fastened to the supporting pedestals are used.
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15  13.5.8 Partitions

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16  13.5.8.1 General

C

17  Partitions that are tied to the ceiling, and all partitions greater than 6 ft (1.8 m) high, shall be
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18  laterally braced to the building structure. Such bracing shall be independent of any ceiling lateral
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19  force bracing. Bracing shall be spaced to limit horizontal deflection at the partition head, to be
compatible with ceiling deflection requirements as determined in Section 13.5.6 for suspended
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20 
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21  ceilings and elsewhere in this section for other systems.

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22  EXCEPTION: Partitions that meet all of the following conditions:

23  1. The partition height does not exceed 9 ft (2.7 m).;

24  2. The linear weight of the partition does not exceed the product of 10 lb (0.479 kN) times
25  the height in ft (m) of the partition.;
26  3. The partition horizontal seismic load does not exceed 5 lb/ft2 (0.24 kN/m2).

27  13.5.8.2 Glass

34
 1  Glass in glazed partitions shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 13.5.9.

2  13.5.9 Glass in Glazed Curtain Walls, Glazed Storefronts, and Glazed Partitions

3  13.5.9.1 General

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4  Glass in glazed curtain walls, glazed storefronts, and glazed partitions shall meet the relative

at
5  displacement requirement of Equation (13.5-2):

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Δfallout  1.25DpI

D
6  (13.5-2)

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7  or 0.5 in. (13 mm), whichever is greater, where Δfallout is the relative seismic displacement (drift)

8  at which glass fallout from the curtain wall, storefront wall, or partition occurs
ot nd E
(Section 13.5.9.2); and DpI is the relative seismic displacement that the component must be

n
9 
N U M
10 
se li
designed to accommodate (Section 13.3.2). ( DpI shall be applied over the height of the glass
M

11  component under consideration).; and

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12  I e = the Importance Factor determined in accordance with Section 11.5.1.

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13  EXCEPTIONS:
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14  1. Glass need not comply with this requirement with if it has sufficient clearances from its
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15  frame such that physical contact between the glass and frame does not occur at the design
o
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16  drift, as demonstrated by Equation (13.5-3), need not comply with this requirement:
Dclear  1.25DpI
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17  (13.5-3)
o

18  where Dclear is the relative horizontal (drift) displacement, measured over the height of

19  the glass panel under consideration, which causes initial glass-to-frame contact. For
20  rectangular glass panels within a rectangular wall frame,

 hp c2 
Dclear  2c1 1 
 bp c1 
21   
22  where

35
 1  hp = Height of the rectangular glass panel,;

2  bp = Width of the rectangular glass panel,;

3  c1 = Average of the clearances (gaps) on both sides between the vertical glass edges and

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4  the frame, ; and

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5  c2 = Average of the clearances (gaps) at the top and bottom between the horizontal glass

at
6  edges and the frame.

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7  2. Fully tempered monolithic glass in Risk Categories I, II, and III located no more than

D
8  10 ft (3 m) above a walking surface need not comply with this requirement.
9  3. Annealed or heat-strengthened laminated glass in single thickness with interlayer no less

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10  than 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) that is captured mechanically in a wall system glazing pocket,
11  and whose perimeter is secured to the frame by a wet-glazed, gunable, curing elastomeric
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12  sealant perimeter bead of 0.5 in. (13 mm) minimum glass contact width, or other
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13  se li
approved anchorage system, need not comply with this requirement.
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14  13.5.9.2 Seismic Drift Limits for Glass Components

D ut O

15  Δfallout , the drift causing glass fallout from the curtain wall, storefront, or partition, shall be
C

16  determined in accordance with AAMA 501.6 or by engineering analysis.

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17  13.5.10 Egress Stairs and Ramps

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o

Egress stairs and ramps not part of the seismic force-resisting system (SFRS) of the structure to
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18 
19  which they are attached shall be detailed to accommodate the seismic relative displacements,
PU

20  DpI , defined in Section 13.3.2, including diaphragm deformation. The net relative displacement
21  shall be assumed to occur in any horizontal direction. Such elements shall be supported by means
22  of positive and direct structural supports or by mechanical connections and fasteners in
23  accordance with the following requirements:

24  (a) Sliding connections with slotted or oversize holes, sliding bearing supports with keeper
25  assemblies or end stops, and connections that permit movement by deformation of metal

36
 1  attachments, shall accommodate a displacement DpI , but not less than 0.5 in. (13 mm),

2  without loss of vertical support or inducement of displacement-related compression

3  forces in the stair.
4  (b) Sliding bearing supports without keeper assemblies or end stops shall be designed to

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accommodate a displacement 1.5DpI , but not less than 1.0 in. (25 mm), without loss of

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5 

at
6  vertical support. Breakaway restraints are permitted if their failure does not lead to loss of
vertical support.

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7 
8  (c) Metal supports shall be designed with rotation capacity to accommodate seismic relative

D
9  displacements as defined in item (b). The strength of such metal supports shall not be

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10  limited by bolt shear, weld fracture, or other brittle modes.
11  (d) All fasteners and attachments such as bolts, inserts, welds, dowels, and anchors shall be
12  designed for the seismic design forces determined in accordance with Section 13.3.1
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13  using the applicable design coefficients with Rp , ap , and Ω0 as given in Table 13.5-1.
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14 
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EXCEPTION: If sliding or ductile connections are not provided to accommodate seismic
M

15  relative displacements, the stiffness and strength of the stair or ramp structure shall be included
D ut O

16  in the building structural model of Section 12.7.3, and the stair shall be designed with Ω0
C

17  corresponding to the seismic force-resisting systemSFRS but not less than 2-1/2 2 1/ 2 .
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18  13.5.11 Penthouses and Rooftop Structures

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19  Penthouses and rooftop structures shall be designed in accordance with this section. The
o
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20  horizontal seismic design force, Fp, shall be determined in accordance with Section 13.3.1, using
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21  the design coefficients listed in Table 13.5-1.

o

22  EXCEPTION: Penthouses and rooftop structures framed by an extension of the building frame
23  and designed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 12.

24  13.5.11.1 Seismic Force-Resisting Systems for Penthouses and Rooftop Structures

25  The seismic force-resisting system for penthouses and rooftop structures shall conform to one of
26  the types indicated in Table 12.2-1 or Table 15.4-1. The structural systems used shall be in

37
 1  accordance with the structural system limitations noted in the tables and shall be designed and
2  detailed in accordance with the specific requirements for the system as set forth in the applicable
3  reference documents listed in Table 12.2-1 or Table 15.4-1 and the additional requirements set
4  forth in Chapter 14. Height limits for penthouses and rooftop structures shall be measured from

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5  the top of the roof structure to the average height of the penthouse roof.

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EXCEPTION: Penthouses and rooftop structures designed using the coefficients for Other

at
6 
7  Systems in Table 13.5-1 and which also conform to the requirements of relevant material

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8  standards need not conform to one of the types indicated in Table 12.2-1 or Table 15.4-1. The

D
9  height limit for penthouses and rooftop structures designed using the coefficients for Other
10  Systems shall be 28 ft (8.5 m).

11 

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13.6 MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
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12  13.6.1 General
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se li
Mechanical and electrical components and their supports shall satisfy the requirements of this
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13 
14  section. The attachment of mechanical and electrical components and their supports to the
D ut O

15  structure shall meet the requirements of Section 13.4. Appropriate coefficients shall be selected
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16  from Table 13.6-1.

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17 
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18  Table 13.6-1. Seismic Coefficients for Mechanical and Electrical Components.
o
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CAR Rpo Ωopa

Supported at or Supported above
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below grade grade plane by a

o

plane structure
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
Air-side HVACR, fans, air handlers, air conditioning units, cabinet heaters, air 1.4 1.4 2 2
distribution boxes, and other mechanical components constructed of sheet metal
framing
Wet-side HVACR, boilers, furnaces, atmospheric tanks and bins, chillers, water 1 1 1.5 2
heaters, heat exchangers, evaporators, air separators, manufacturing or process
equipment, and other mechanical components constructed of high-deformability
materials

38
 Air coolers (fin fans), air-cooled heat exchangers, condensing units, dry coolers, 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
remote radiators, and other mechanical components elevated on integral
structural steel or sheet metal supports
Engines, turbines, pumps, compressors, and pressure vessels not supported on 1 1 1.5 2
skirts and not within the scope of Chapter 15
Skirt-supported pressure vessels not within the scope of Chapter 15 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75

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Elevator and escalator components 1 1 1.5 2

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Generators, batteries, inverters, motors, transformers, and other electrical 1 1 1.5 2
components constructed of high-deformability materials

at
Motor control centers, panel boards, switch gear, instrumentation cabinets, and 1.4 1.4 2 2
other components constructed of sheet metal framing

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Communication equipment, computers, instrumentation, and controls 1 1 1.5 2
Roof-mounted stacks, cooling and electrical towers laterally braced below their 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75

D
center of mass
Roof-mounted stacks, cooling and electrical towers laterally braced above their 1 1 1.5 2

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center of mass
Lighting fixtures 1 1 1.5 2
Other mechanical or electrical components 1 1 1.5 2
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Manufacturing or process conveyors (nonpersonnel) 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75

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VIBRATION-ISOLATED COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMSba
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Components and systems isolated using neoprene elements and neoprene
isolated floors with built-in or separate elastomeric snubbing devices or resilient
1.8 2.2 1.3 1.75
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perimeter stops
Spring-isolated components and systems and vibration-isolated floors closely 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.75
restrained using built-in or separate elastomeric snubbing devices or resilient
D ut O

perimeter stops
Internally isolated components and systems 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.75
C

Suspended vibration-isolated equipment, including in-line duct devices and 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.75
suspended internally isolated components
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EQUIPMENT SUPPORT STRUCTURES AND PLATFORMS

Support structures and platforms where Tp/Ta < 0.2, or Tp ≤ 0.06 s, per Section NA 1 1.5 2
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13.6.4.6
Seismic force-resisting systems with R > 3 1.4 1.4 1.5 2
o
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Seismic force-resisting systems with R ≤ 3 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75

Other systems 2.2 2.8 1.5 1.5
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DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SUPPORTS

o

Tension-only and cable bracing 1 1 1.5 2

Cold-formed steel rigid bracing 1 1 1.5 2
Hot-rolled steel bracing 1 1 1.5 2
Other rigid bracing 1 1 1.5 2
Lateral resistance provided by rods in flexure 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
Vertical cantilever supports such as pipe tees and moment frames above and 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
supported by a floor or roof
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Piping in accordance with ASME B31 (2001, 2002, 2008, 2010), including in- 1 1 3 2
line components with joints made by welding or brazing

39
 Piping in accordance with ASME B31, including in-line components, 1 1 2 2
constructed of high- or limited-deformability materials, with joints made by
threading, bonding, compression couplings, or grooved couplings
Piping and tubing not in accordance with ASME B31, including in-line 1 1 2 21.82
components, constructed of high-deformability materials, with joints made by
welding or brazing

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Piping and tubing not in accordance with ASME B31, including in-line 1.8 2.2 2 1.75
components, constructed of high- or limited-deformability materials, with joints

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made by threading, bonding, compression couplings, or grooved couplings

at
Piping and tubing constructed of low-deformability materials, such as cast iron, 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
glass, and nonductile plastics

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Duct systemswork, including in-line components, constructed of high- 1 1 2 2
deformability materials, with joints made by welding or brazing

D
Duct systemswork, including in-line components, constructed of high- or 1 1 1.5 2
limited-deformability materials, with joints made by means other than welding
or brazing

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Duct systemswork, including in-line components, constructed of low- 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
deformability materials, such as cast iron, glass, and nonductile plastics
Electrical conduit, and cable trays, and raceways 1 1 1.5 2
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Bus ducts 1 1 1.5 2

n
Plumbing 1 1 1.5 2
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se li
Pneumatic tube transport systems 1 1

A lower value for ap is permitted where justified by detailed dynamic analyses. The value for
a
1.5 2
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1 

2  ap shall not be less than 1. The value of ap equal to 1 is for rigid components and rigidly
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3  attached components. The value of ap equal to 2½ is for flexible components and flexibly
C

4  attached components.
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/

ab
5  Components mounted on vibration isolators shall have a bumper restraint or snubber in each
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6  horizontal direction. The design force shall be taken as 2Fp if the nominal clearance (air gap)
o
St B

7  between the equipment support frame and restraint is greater than 0.25 in. (6 mm). If the nominal
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8  clearance specified on the construction documents is not greater than 0.25 in. (6 mm), the design
o

Fp
9  force is permitted to be taken as .

bc
10  Overstrength factor as required for anchorage to concrete and masonry (see
11  Section 13.4.2).12.4.3 for seismic load effects including overstrength.

12 

40
 1  EXCEPTION: Light fixtures, lighted signs, and ceiling fans not connected to ducts or piping,
2  which are supported by chains or otherwise suspended from the structure, are not required to
3  satisfy the seismic force and relative displacement requirements provided that they meet all of
4  the following criteria:

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1. The design load for such items shall be equal to 1.4 times the operating weight acting

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5 
down with a simultaneous horizontal load equal to 1.4 times the operating weight. The

at
6 
7  horizontal load shall be applied in the direction that results in the most critical loading for

or e R
8  the design.

D
9  2. Seismic interaction effects shall be considered in accordance with Section 13.2.313.2.4.
10  3. The connection to the structure shall allow a 360-deg degree range of motion in the

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11  horizontal plane.
12  Where design of mechanical and electrical components for seismic effects is required,
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13  consideration shall be given to the dynamic effects of the components, their contents, and where
N U M
14  se li
appropriate, their supports and attachments. In such cases, the interaction between the
components and the supporting structures, including other mechanical and electrical components,
M

15 
16  shall also be considered.
D ut O

17  13.6.2 Mechanical Components

C

18  HVACR ductwork shall meet the requirements of Section 13.6.6. Piping systems shall meet the
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/

19  requirements of Section 13.6.7. Boilers and vessels shall meet the requirements of
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20  Section 13.6.10. Elevators shall meet the requirements of Section 13.6.11. All other mechanical
o
St B

21  components shall meet the requirements of Section 13.6.13. Mechanical components with I p
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22  greater than 1.0 shall be designed for the seismic forces and relative displacements defined in
o

23  Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2 and shall satisfy the following additional requirements:

24  1. Provision shall be made to eliminate seismic impact for components vulnerable to
25  impact, for components constructed of nonductile materials, and in cases where material
26  ductility will be reduced because of service conditions (e.g., low-temperature
27  applications).

41
 1  2. The possibility of loads imposed on components by attached utility or service lines,
2  caused by differential movement of support points on separate structures, shall be
3  evaluated.
4  3. Where piping or HVACR ductwork components are attached to structures that could

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5  displace relative to one another, and for isolated structures where such components cross

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6  the isolation interface, the components shall be designed to accommodate the seismic

at
7  relative displacements defined in Section 13.3.2.

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8  13.6.2.1 HVACR Equipment

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9  HVACR equipment that has been qualified in accordance with the requirements of Chapters 1

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10  through 10 of ANSI/AHRI Standard 1270 (I-P) or ANSI/AHRI Standard 1271 (SI) shall be
11  deemed to meet the seismic qualification requirements of Section 13.2.213.2.3, provided all of
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n
12  the following requirements are met:
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13 
se li
(a) Active and/or energized components shall be seismically certified exclusively through
M

14  shake table testing or experience data.

15  (b) The horizontal seismic design force, Fp, Seismic demand considered in the certification
D ut O

16  of non-active components through analysis shall be based on the procedures in Section
C

17  13.3.1 using = 2.5 Rp / I p equal to 1.0. The value of Rμ shall be taken as 1.3 for
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/

18  components located above the grade plane.

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19  (c) Capacity of non-active components used in seismic certification by analysis shall be
based on the provisions of ASCE 7.
o

20 
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21  (d) Rugged components shall conform to the definition in Chapter 11.
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22  EXCEPTION: If the period of the component, Tp, is less than or equal to 0.06 seconds,

23  may be taken as 1.0. 

24  13.6.3 Electrical Components

25  Conduit, cable trays, and raceways shall meet the requirements of Section 13.6.5. Utility and
26  service lines shall meet the requirements of Section 13.6.9. Other electrical components shall

42
 1  meet the requirements of Section 13.6.13. All electrical components with I p greater than 1.0

2  shall be designed for the seismic forces and relative displacements defined in Sections 13.3.1 and
3  13.3.2 and shall satisfy the following additional requirements:

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4  1. Provision shall be made to eliminate seismic impact between components.

C Fo AF
5  2. Loads imposed on the components by attached utility or service lines that are attached to

at
6  separate structures shall be evaluated.

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7  3. Batteries on racks shall have wraparound restraints to ensure that the batteries do not fall
8  from the racks. Spacers shall be used between restraints and cells to prevent damage to

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9  cases. Racks shall be evaluated for sufficient lateral load capacity.

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10  4. Internal coils of dry- type transformers shall be positively attached to their supporting
11  substructure within the transformer enclosure.
12  5. Electrical control panels, computer equipment, and other items with slide-out components
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n
13  shall have a latching mechanism to hold the components in place.
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14 
se li
6. Electrical cabinet design shall comply with the applicable National Electrical
M

15  Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards. Cutouts in the lower shear panel that have
not been made by the manufacturer and that significantly reduce significantly the strength
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16 
17  of the cabinet shall be specifically evaluated.
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18  7. The attachments for additional external items weighing more than 100 lb (445 N) shall be
19  specifically evaluated if not provided by the manufacturer.
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20  8. Where conduit, cable trays, or similar electrical distribution components are attached to
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21  structures that could displace relative to one another, and for isolated structures where
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22  such components cross the isolation interface, the components shall be designed to
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23  accommodate the seismic relative displacements defined in Section 13.3.2.

o

24  13.6.4 Component Supports

25  Mechanical and electrical component supports (including those with I p  1.0 ) and the means by

26  which they are attached to the component shall be designed for the forces and displacements
27  determined in Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2. Such supports include structural members, braces,
28  frames, skirts, legs, saddles, pedestals, cables, guys, stays, snubbers, tethers, and elements forged
29  or cast as a part of the mechanical or electrical component.

43
 1  13.6.4.1 Design Basis

2  If standard supports designed in accordance with nationally recognized standards such as , for
3  example, ASME B31, NFPA 13, or MSS SP-58, or proprietary supports are used, they shall be

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4  designed by either load rating (i.e., testing) or for the calculated seismic forces. If proprietary

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5  supports are used, load rating shall be determined by approved test standards or approved

at
6  material-specific design procedures. In addition, tThe stiffness of the support, where appropriate,
shall be designed such that the seismic load path for the component performs its intended

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7 
8  function.

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9  13.6.4.2 Design for Relative Displacement

10 

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Component supports shall be designed to accommodate the seismic relative displacements
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11  between points of support determined in accordance with Section 13.3.2.

n
N U M
12  se li
13.6.4.3 Support Attachment to Component
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13  The means by which supports are attached to the component, except where integral (i.e., cast or
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14  forged), shall be designed to accommodate both the forces and displacements determined in
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15  accordance with Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2. If the value of I p  1.5 for the component, the local

16  region of the support attachment point to the component shall be evaluated for the effect of the
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17  load transfer on the component wall.

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13.6.4.4 Material Detailing Requirements

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18 
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19  The materials comprising supports and the means of attachment to the component shall be
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20  constructed of materials suitable for the application, including the effects of service conditions,
21  for example, low-temperature applications. Materials shall be in conformance with a nationally
22  recognized standard.

23  13.6.4.5 Additional Requirements

24  The following additional requirements shall apply to mechanical and electrical component
25  supports:

44
 1  1. Seismic supports shall be constructed so that support engagement is maintained.
2  2. Reinforcement (e.g., stiffeners or Belleville washers) shall be provided at bolted
3  connections through sheet metal equipment housings as required to transfer the
4  equipment seismic loads specified in this section from the equipment to the structure.

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5  Where equipment has been certified per Section 13.2.213.2.3, 13.2.513.2.6, or

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6  13.2.613.2.7, anchor bolts or other fasteners and associated hardware as included in the

at
7  certification shall be installed in conformance with the manufacturer’s instructions. For

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8  those cases where no certification exists or where instructions for such reinforcement are
not provided, reinforcement methods shall be as specified by a registered design

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9 
10  professional or as approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

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11  3. Where weak-axis bending of cold-formed steel supports is relied on for the seismic load
12  path, such supports shall be specifically evaluated.
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13  4. Components mounted on vibration isolators shall have a bumper restraint or snubber in

n
14  each horizontal direction, and vertical restraints shall be provided where required to resist
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15 
se li
overturning. Isolator housings and restraints shall be constructed of ductile materials.
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16  (See additional design force requirements in note b to Table 13.6-1.) A viscoelastic pad
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17  or similar material of appropriate thickness shall be used between the bumper and
18  components to limit the impact load.
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19  13.6.4.6 Equipment Support Structures and Platforms

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20  Equipment support structures and platforms shall be designed in accordance with this section.
21  The horizontal seismic design force, Fp, shall be determined in accordance with Section 13.3.1,
o
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22  using the design coefficients listed in Table 13.6-1. The SFRS for equipment support structures
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and platforms shall conform to one of the types indicated in Table 12.2-1 or Table 15.4-1. The
o

23 
24  SFRS used shall be in accordance with the structural system limitations noted in the tables. The
25  selected SFRS shall be designed and detailed in accordance with the specific requirements for
26  the system as set forth in the applicable reference documents listed in Table 12.2-1 or Table
27  15.4-1 and the additional requirements set forth in Chapter 14.

28  EXCEPTION: Equipment support structures and platforms designed using the coefficients for
29  Other Systems in Table 13.6-1, under Equipment Supports, and which also conform to the

45
 1  requirements of relevant material standards, need not conform to one of the types indicated in
2  Table 12.2-1 or Table 15.4-1.

3  Equipment support structures or platforms that are supported by a building or nonbuilding

structure are permitted to be designed using CAR = 1, Rpo = 1.5, and Ω0p = 1.52.0 if the ratio Tp/Ta

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4 
< 0.2, or if Tp ≤ 0.06 s. The value of Tp for the equipment support structure or platform shall

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5 
include consideration of the mass and stiffness of the components being supported.

at
6 

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7  13.6.4.7 Distribution System Supports

D
8  Distribution system supports are assigned a component resonance ductility factor from Table

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9  13.6-1, based on the type of support system.

10  Vertical and lateral supports for distribution systems, including trapeze assemblies, shall be
ot nd E
designed for seismic forces and seismic relative displacements as required in Section 13.3,

n
11 
N U M
12 
13 
se li
except as noted in Sections 13.6.5, 13.6.6, and 13.6.7. Distribution systems shall be braced to
resist vertical, transverse, and longitudinal seismic loads. Seismic loads for distribution systems
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14  supports and trapeze assemblies shall be based on the weight of the distribution system tributary
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15  to the supports, including fittings and in-line components.

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16   
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17  13.6.5 Distribution Systems: Conduit, Cable Tray, and Raceways

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18  Cable trays and raceways shall be designed for seismic forces and seismic relative displacements
o
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19  as required in Section 13.3. Conduit greater than 2.5 in. (64 mm) trade size and attached to
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20  panels, cabinets, or other equipment subject to seismic relative displacement, DpI , shall be
o

21  provided with flexible connections or designed for seismic forces and seismic relative
22  displacements as required in Section 13.3.

23  EXCEPTIONS:

24  1. Design for the seismic forces and relative displacements of Section 13.3 shall not be
25  required for raceways with I p  1.0 where flexible connections or other assemblies are

46
 1  provided between the cable tray or raceway and associated components to accommodate
2  the relative displacement, where the cable tray or raceway is positively attached to the
3  structure, and where one of the following apply:
4  (a) Trapeze assemblies are used with 3/80.375 in. (10 mm) diameter rod hangers not

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5  exceeding 12 in0.5. (305 mm) in length from the conduit, cable tray, or raceway

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6  support point to the connection at the supporting structure to support raceways,

at
7  and the total weight supported by any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less; or

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8  (b) Trapeze assemblies with 1/20.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding
12 in. (305 mm) in length from the conduit, cable tray, or raceway support point

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9 
10  to the connection at the supporting structure are used to support the cable tray or

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11  raceway, and the total weight supported by any single trapeze is 200 lb (890 N) or
12  less; or
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13  (c) Trapeze assemblies with 1/20.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding

n
14  24 in. (610 mm) in length from the conduit, cable tray, or raceway support point
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15 
se li to the connection at the supporting structure are used to support the cable tray or
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16  raceway, and the total weight supported by any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or
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17  less; or
18  (d) The conduit, cable tray, or raceway is supported by individual rod hangers 3/8 in.
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19  (10 mm) or 1/20.5 in. (13 mm) in diameter, and each hanger in the raceway run is
12 in. (305 mm) or less in length from the conduit, cable tray, or raceway support
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20 
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21  point connection to the supporting structure, and the total weight supported by
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22  any single rod is 50 lb (220 N) or less.

o
St B

23  2. Design for the seismic forces and relative displacements of Section 13.3 shall not be
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24  required for conduit, regardless of the value of I p , where the conduit is less than 2.5 in.
o

25  (64 mm) trade size.

26  Design for the displacements across seismic joints shall be required for conduit, cable trays,
27  and raceways with I p  1.5 without consideration of conduit size.

28  13.6.6 Distribution Systems: Duct Systems

47
 1  HVACR and other duct systems shall be designed for seismic forces and seismic relative
2  displacements as required in Section 13.3.

3  EXCEPTIONS: The following exceptions pertain to ductwork ducts not designed to carry toxic,
highly toxic, or flammable gases or not used for smoke control.

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4 

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5  1. Design for the seismic forces and relative displacements of Section 13.3 shall not be

at
6  required for duct systems with I p  1.0 where flexible connections or other assemblies

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7  are provided to accommodate the relative displacement between the duct system and

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8  associated components, the duct system is positively attached to the structure, and where
9  one of the following apply:

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10  (a) Trapeze assemblies with 3/80.375 in. (10 mm) diameter rod hangers not
11  exceeding 12 in. (305 mm) in length from the duct support point to the connection
ot nd E
n
12  at the supporting structure are used to support the duct, and the total weight
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13  se li supported by any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N)less than 10 lb / ft ( 146 N / m );
or less; or
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14 
15  (b) Trapeze assemblies with 1/20.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding
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16  12 in. (305 mm) in length from the duct support point to the connection at the
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17  supporting structure are used to support the duct, and the total weight supported
18  by any single trapeze is 200 lb (890 N) or less; or
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/

19  (c) Trapeze assemblies with 1/20.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding
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20  24 in. (610 mm) in length from the duct support point to the connection at the
supporting structure are used to support the duct, and the total weight supported
o

21 
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22  by any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less; or

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23  (d) The duct is supported by individual rod hangers 3/80.375 in. (10 mm) or 1/20.5
24  in. (13 mm) in diameter, and each hanger in the duct run is 12 in. (305 mm) or
25  less in length from the duct support point to the connection at the supporting
26  structure, and the total weight supported by any single rod is 50 lb (220 N) or less.
27  2. Design for the seismic forces and relative displacements of Section 13.3 shall not be
28  required where provisions are made to avoid impact with other ducts or mechanical
29  components or to protect the ducts in the event of such impact, the distribution system is

48
 1  positively attached to the structure; , and HVACR ducts have a cross-sectional area of
2  less than 6 ft2 (0.557 m2) and weigh 20 lb/ft (292 N/m) or less.
3 

Components that are installed in line with the duct system and have an operating weight greater

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4 
than 75 lb (334 N), such as fans, terminal units, heat exchangers, and humidifiers, shall be

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5 
supported and laterally braced independent of the duct system, and such braces shall meet the

at
6 
7  force requirements of Section 13.3.1. Components that are installed in line with the duct system,

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8  have an operating weight of 75 lb (334 N) or less, (such as small terminal units, valves, and

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9  dampers), louvers, and diffusers, and are otherwise not independently braced shall be positively
10  attached with mechanical fasteners to the rigid ducts on both sides. Appurtenances such as

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11  louvers and diffusers shall be positively attached to ducts with mechanical fasteners. Where such
12  components are installed in a braced duct system, their weight shall be included in the design of
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n
13  the lateral bracing. Piping and conduit attached to in-line equipment shall be provided with
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14  se li
adequate flexibility to accommodate the seismic relative displacements of Section 13.3.2.
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15  13.6.7 Distribution Systems: Piping and Tubing Systems

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16  Unless otherwise noted in this section, piping and tubing systems shall be designed for the
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17  seismic forces and seismic relative displacements of Section 13.3. ASME pressure piping
18  systems shall satisfy the requirements of Section 13.6.7.1. Fire protection sprinkler piping shall
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19  satisfy the requirements of Section 13.6.7.2. Elevator system piping shall satisfy the
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20  requirements of Section 13.6.11.

o
St B

21  Where other applicable material standards or recognized design bases are not used, piping design
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22  including consideration of service loads shall be based on the following allowable stresses:
o

23  (a) Ffor piping constructed with ductile materials (e.g., steel, aluminum, or copper), 90% of
24  the minimum specified yield strength;
25  (b) Ffor threaded connections in piping constructed with ductile materials, 70% of the
26  minimum specified yield strength;
27  (c) Ffor piping constructed with nonductile materials (e.g., cast iron or ceramics), 10% of the
28  material minimum specified tensile strength; and

49
 1  (d) Ffor threaded connections in piping constructed with nonductile materials, 8% of the
2  material minimum specified tensile strength.
3  Piping not detailed to accommodate the seismic relative displacements at connections to other
4  components shall be provided with connections that have sufficient flexibility to avoid failure of

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5  the connection between the components.

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Suspended components that are installed in- line and rigidly connected to and supported by the

at
6 
7  piping system, such as valves, strainers, traps, pumps, air separators, and tanks, are permitted to

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8  be considered part of the piping system for the purposes of determining the need for and sizing

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9  of lateral bracing. Where components are braced independently because of their weight but the
10  associated piping is not braced, flexibility shall be provided as required to accommodate relative

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11  movement between the components.
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12  13.6.7.1 ASME Pressure Piping Systems

n
N U M
13 
se li
Pressure piping systems, including their supports, designed and constructed in accordance with
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14  ASME B31 shall be deemed to meet the force, displacement, and other requirements of this
15  section. In lieu of specific force and displacement requirements provided in ASME B31, the
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16  force and displacement requirements of Section 13.3 shall be used. Materials meeting the
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17  toughness requirements of ASME B31 shall be considered high-deformability materials.

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18  13.6.7.2 Fire Protection Sprinkler Piping Systems

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19  Fire protection sprinkler piping, pipe hangers, and bracing designed and constructed in
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St B

20  accordance with NFPA 13 shall be deemed to meet the force and displacement requirements of
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21  this section. Clearances for sprinkler drops and sprigs and other equipment shall conform to
o

22  13.2.3.113.2.4.1. The exceptions of Section 13.6.7.3 shall not apply.

23  13.6.7.3 Exceptions

24  Design for the seismic forces of Section 13.3 shall not be required for piping systems where
25  flexible connections, expansion loops, or other assemblies are provided to accommodate the
26  relative displacement between component and piping, where the piping system is positively
27  attached to the structure, and where one of the following apply:.

50
 1  1. Trapeze assemblies are used to support piping whereby no single pipe exceeds the limits
2  set forth in 5a, 5b, or 5c below and the total weight of the piping supported by the trapeze
3  assemblies is less than 10 lb / ft ( 146 N / m ).
4  2.1.Trapeze assemblies are supported by 3/80.375 in. (10 mm) diameter rod hangers not

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5  exceeding 12 in. (305 mm) in length from the pipe support point to the connection at the

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6  supporting structure, do not support piping with I p greater than 1.0, and no single pipe

at
7  exceeds the limits set forth in items 5a4a, 5b4b, or 5c 4c below, and the total weight

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8  supported by any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less;, or

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9  3.2.Trapeze assemblies are supported by 1/20.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not
10  exceeding 12 in. (305 mm) in length from the pipe support point to the connection at the

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11  supporting structure, do not support piping with I p greater than 1.0, and no single pipe

12  exceeds the diameter limits set forth in items 5a4a, 5b4b, or 5c 4c below, and the total
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n
13  weight supported by any single trapeze is 200 lb (890 N) or less;, or
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14 
se li
4.3.Trapeze assemblies are supported by 1/20.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not
M

15  exceeding 24 in. (610 mm) in length from the pipe support point to the connection at the
supporting structure, do not support piping with I p greater than 1.0, and no single pipe
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16 

exceeds the diameter limits set forth in items 5a4a, 5b4b, or 5c 4c below, and the total
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17 
18  weight supported by any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less;, or
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19  5.4.Piping that has an Rp in Table 13.6-1 of 4.5 or greater is either supported by rod hangers
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20  and provisions are made to avoid impact with other structural or nonstructural
o

components or to protect the piping in the event of such impact, or pipes with I p  1.0
St B

21 
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22  are supported by individual rod hangers 3/80.375 in. (10 mm) or 1/20.5 in. (13 mm) in
o

23  diameter,; where each hanger in the pipe run is 12 in. (305 mm) or less in length from the
24  pipe support point to the connection at the supporting structure,; and the total weight
25  supported by any single hanger is 50 lb (220 N) or less. In addition, the following
26  limitations on the size of piping shall be observed:
27  (a) In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C where I p is greater than 1.0,

28  the nominal pipe size shall be 2 in. (50 mm) or less.

51
 1  (b) In structures assigned to Seismic Design Categorieys D, E, or F where I p is

2  greater than 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 1 in. (25 mm) or less.
3  (c) In structures assigned to Seismic Design Categoryies D, E, or F where I p  1.0 ,

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4  the nominal pipe size shall be 3 in. (80 mm) or less.

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5  6.5.Pneumatic tube systems supported with trapeze assemblies using 0.3753/8 in. (10 mm)

at
6  diameter rod hangers not exceeding 12 in. (305 mm) in length from the tube support point
to the connection at the supporting structure and the total weight supported by any single

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7 
8  trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less.

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9  7.6.Pneumatic tube systems supported by individual rod hangers 0.3753/8 in. (10 mm) or

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10  1.5/2 in. (13 mm) in diameter, and each hanger in the run is 12 in. (305 mm) or less in
11  length from the tube support point to the connection at the supporting structure, and the
12  total weight supported by any single rod is 50 lb (220 N) or less.
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n
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13  se li
13.6.8 Distribution Systems: Trapezes with a Combination of Systems
M

14  Trapezes that support a combination of distribution systems (electrical conduit, raceway, duct,
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15  piping, etc.) shall be designed using the most restrictive requirements for the supported
16  distribution systems from Sections 13.6.5 through 13.6.8 13.6.7 for the aggregate weight of the
C

17  supported system. If any distribution system on the trapeze is not exempted, the trapeze shall be
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braced.
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18 
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19  13.6.9 Utility and Service Lines

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St B

20  At the interface of adjacent structures or portions of the same structure that may move
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21  independently, utility lines shall be provided with adequate flexibility to accommodate the
22  anticipated differential movement between the portions that move independently. Differential
23  displacement calculations shall be determined calculated in accordance with Section 13.3.2.

24  The possible interruption of utility service shall be considered in relation to designated seismic
25  systems in Risk Category IV as defined in Table 1.5-1. Specific attention shall be given to the
26  vulnerability of underground utilities and utility interfaces between the structure and the ground

52
 1  where Site Class E or F soil is present, and where the seismic coefficient SDS at the underground

2  utility or at the base of the structure is equal to or greater than 0.33.

3  13.6.10 Boilers and Pressure Vessels

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4  Boilers or pressure vessels designed and constructed in accordance with ASME BPVC shall be

at
5  deemed to meet the force, displacement, and other requirements of this section. In lieu of the
specific force and displacement requirements provided in ASME BPVC, the force and

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6 
7  displacement requirements of Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2 shall be used. Materials that meet the

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8  toughness requirements of ASME BPVC shall be considered high-deformability materials. Other
boilers and pressure vessels designated as having an I p  1.5 , but not designed and constructed

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9 

10  in accordance with the requirements of ASME BPVC, shall comply with the requirements of
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11  Section 13.6.13.

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12 
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13.6.11 Elevator and Escalator Design Requirements
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13  Elevators and escalators designed in accordance with the seismic requirements of ASME A17.1
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14  shall be deemed to meet the seismic force requirements of this section, except as modified in the
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15  following text. The exceptions of Section 13.6.7.3 shall not apply to elevator piping.
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13.6.11.1 Escalators, Elevators, and Hoistway Structural Systems

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16 
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17  Escalators, elevators, and hoistway structural systems shall be designed to meet the force and
o
St B

18  displacement requirements of Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2.

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19  13.6.11.2 Elevator Equipment and Controller Supports and Attachments

20  Elevator equipment and controller supports and attachments shall be designed to meet the force
21  and displacement requirements of Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2.

22  13.6.11.3 Seismic Controls for Elevators

23  Elevators operating with a speed of 150 ft/min (46 m/min) or greater shall be provided with
24  seismic switches. Seismic switches shall provide an electric signal indicating that structural

53
 1  motions are of such a magnitude that the operation of the elevators may be impaired. Seismic
2  switches in accordance with Section 8.4.10.1.2 of ASME A17.1 shall be deemed to meet the
3  requirements of this section.

EXCEPTION: In cases where seismic switches cannot be located near a column in accordance

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4 
with ASME A17.1, they shall have two horizontal axes of sensitivity and have a trigger level set

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5 
to 20% of the acceleration of gravity where located at or near the base of the structure and 50%

at
6 
7  of the acceleration of gravity in all other locations.

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Upon On activation of the seismic switch, elevator operations shall conform to requirements of

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8 
9  ASME A17.1, except as noted in the following text.

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10  In facilities where the loss of the use of an elevator is a life-safety issue, the elevator shall only
11  be used after the seismic switch has triggered, provided that
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n
12  1. The elevator shall operate no faster than the service speed, and
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13 
se li
2. Before the elevator is occupied, it is operated from top to bottom and back to top to verify
M

14  that it is operable.

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15  13.6.11.4 Retainer Plates

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16  Retainer plates are required at the top and bottom of the car and counterweight.
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17  13.6.12 Rooftop Solar Panels

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o

Rooftop solar panels and their attachments shall be designed for the forces and displacements
St B

18 
19  determined in Section 13.3.
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20  EXCEPTION: Ballasted solar panels without positive direct attachment to the roof structure are
21  permitted on Risk Categoriesy I, II, and III structures six stories or fewer in height and having a
22  maximum roof slope equal to or less than 1 in 20, provided that they comply with the following.

23  1. The height of the center of mass of any panel above the roof surface is less than half the
24  least spacing in plan of the panel supports, but in no case greater than 3 ft (0.9 m).

54
 1  2. Each panel or array of panels is designed to accommodate without impact, instability, or
2  loss of support a seismic displacement, mpv , of any the panel relative to any roof edge or

3  offset and any other curb or obstruction to sliding on the roof surface where mpv is

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4  determined in accordance with Equation (13.6-1), but is not taken as less than 2 ft

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5  (0.6 m):

at
6  δmpv = 5Ie(SDS – 0.4)2 [ft(m)] (13.6-1)
Any portion of an unattached array of panels that is not interconnected as specified in

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7 
8  item 3, shall be provided with a The minimum separation between adjacent unattached

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9  panels of not less than shall be taken as 0.5mpv . Signage or roof markings (e.g., yellow

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10  stripes) shall be provided delineating to delineate the area around the panel that must be
11  kept free of obstructions. Alternatively, mpv may be determined by shake table testing or
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n
12  nonlinear response history analysis, whereby the value of mpv shall not be taken as less
N U M
13 
se li
than 80% of the value given by Equation (13.6-1) unless independent peer review is
M

14  conducted in accordance with Section 1.3.1.3.4.

3. Each array of panels is interconnected as an integral unit to form a continuous load path
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15 
16  such that the members and connections have the design strength to resist a horizontal
C

17  force of 0.2SDSWpi in tension and compression, considering any eccentricities, across any
e C
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18  section cut by a vertical plane, where W pi is the weight of the smaller of the two
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19  portions. The solar panels shall not be considered as part of the load path that resists the
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interconnection force unless the panels have been evaluated or tested for such loading.
St B

20 
21  4. Panel framing and supports are designed for a seismic force path from the center of mass
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22  of each component to locations of friction resistance equal to the lesser of Fp from

23  Section 13.3.1 and 0.6Wp , where Wp is the weight of each component.

24  5. All electrical cables leading from a panel to another panel or to another roof object are
25  designed to accommodate, without rupture or distress, differential movements between
26  cable connection points of 1.0mpv , with consideration given to torsional movement of

27  the panel and its possible impingement on the electrical cables.

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 1  6. All edges and offsets of roof surfaces on which panels are placed are bounded by a curb
2  or parapet not less than 12 in. (305 mm) in height and designed to resist a concentrated
3  load applied at the probable points of impact between the curb or parapet and the panel of

4  not less than 0.2SDS times the weight of the panel. Alternatively, a panel may be placed

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so that all parts of the panel are a minimum of 2.0mpv , but not less than 4 ft (1.22 m),

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5 

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6  from any roof edge or offset.
7. Where justified by testing and analysis, the maximum roof slope for structures assigned

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7 
8  to SDC Seismic Design Categories C and D shall be permitted to be 1 in 12 provided that

D
9  independent peer review is conducted in accordance with Section 1.3.1.3.4.

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10  13.6.13 Other Mechanical and Electrical Components
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11  Mechanical and electrical components, including conveyor systems, not designed and

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constructed in accordance with the reference documents in Chapter 23 shall meet the following:
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12 
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13  1. Components and their supports and attachments shall comply with the requirements of
14  Sections 13.4, 13.6.2, 13.6.3, and 13.6.4.
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15  2. For mechanical components with hazardous substances and assigned a component
C

16  Importance Factor, I p , of 1.5 in accordance with Section 13.1.3, and for boilers and

pressure vessels not designed in accordance with ASME BPVC, the design strength for
e C

17 
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18  seismic loads in combination with other service loads and appropriate environmental
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19  effects shall be based on the following material properties:

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20  (a) Ffor mechanical components constructed with ductile materials (e.g., steel,
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21  aluminum, or copper), 90% of the minimum specified yield strength;

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22  (b) Ffor threaded connections in components constructed with ductile materials, 70%
23  of the minimum specified yield strength;
24  (c) Ffor mechanical components constructed with nonductile materials (e.g., plastic,
25  cast iron, or ceramics), 10% of the material minimum specified tensile strength;
26  and
27  (d) Ffor threaded connections in components constructed with nonductile materials,
28  8% of the material minimum specified tensile strength.

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 1  13.7 CONSENSUS STANDARDS AND OTHER REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

2  See Chapter 23 for the list of consensus standards and other documents that shall be considered
3  part of this standard to the extent referenced in this chapter.

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4 

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57