Appendix - 1

Structural Design Calculations for Buried GRE Pipeline

( As per AWWA M45: 3rd edition)

Client : BASRAH GAS COMPANY Subject: Structural Design calculations for Buried GRE Pipelines

Project : BASRAH NGL OSBL FEED PROJECT Revision: 01R

Proj. No. : WG011

Structural Design Calculations for Buried GRE Pipeline:

INPUT DATA
Design Condiions: Value Unit Remarks
Internal Diameter ID = 100 mm
Working Pressure Pw = 2000 Kpa
Surge Pressure Ps = 800.000 Kpa (As per Cl. 5.7.1.2 of AWWA M45, PS=0.4*PC)

Internal Vacuum Pressure Pν = 101.325 Kpa (Atmospheric pressure)

Minimum Depth of cover Hmin = 1.00 m

Maximum Depth of cover Hmax = 2.50 m (Assumed Approx.)

Wheel load magnitude P= 89000 N ( As per Cl. 5.7.3.6 of AWWA M45)

Pipe Characteristics:
Pressure Class (Pipeline Design Pressure) Pc = 2000 Kpa
Pipe stifness PS = 380 Kpa if it not given, Calculate using Eqn 5-18.
PS = EI x 106 / 0.149(r + (Δyt / 2))3,

Pipe Reinforced Wall thickness t= 3 mm (To be confirmed by Vendor)

Liner Thickness tL = 0.5 mm (To be confirmed by Vendor)

Total wall thickness ( tt = t + tL ) tt = 3.50 mm

Mean Pipe Diameter ( D = ID + 2tL + t) D= 104.00 mm
Outside Diameter ( OD = D + t) OD = 107.00 mm
Pipe Cross Section Area A= 0.008 m2
Vertical pipe deflection (vertical diameter reduction of 5% ) ∆Yt = 5.20 mm (As per Cl. 5.7.3.7 of AWWA M45)

Hoop Tensile Modulus of Elasticity for pipe EH = 16.00 Gpa (To be confirmed by Vendor)

Ring Flexural Modulus of Elasticity for the pipe E= 21.36 Gpa (To be confirmed by Vendor)

Hydrostatic Design Basis HDB = 121.3 Mpa (To be confirmed by Vendor)

Long-term, ring-bending strain for the pipe Sb = 0.01 mm/mm (To be confirmed by Vendor)

Max. Permitted vertical pipe deflection, fraction of mean diameter δd / D = 1.5 % ( To be confirmed by Vendor)

Installation Parameters:
Specific weight of overburden / Soil γs = 20000 N / m3
Depth of water level from Grade Hw = 0 m Assumed

Shape factor Df = 4.5 (As per Table 5-1 of AWWA M45)

Modulus correction factor for Poisson’s ratio kν = 0.74 (As per Cl. 5.7.5 of AWWA M45)

Trench width Bd = 0 mm If Bd is not given, it shall be (1.25 x OD) + 300 as per

sec 6.6.1 Page 78 of AWWA M45)
433.750 mm

Assumed Parameters:
Minimum Design Factor FS = 1.8 ( As per Cl. 5.7.1.1 of AWWA M45)

Safety Factor for Calculating max allowable deflection FS = 1.5 ( As per Cl. 5.7.2 of AWWA M45)

Design Factor (For Buckling check) FS = 2.5 ( As per Cl. 5.7.5 of AWWA M45)

Deflection lag factor to compesate for the time DL = 1.5 ( As per Cl. 5.7.3.3 of AWWA M45)

Bedding coefficient KX = 0.1 ( As per Cl. 5.7.3.4 of AWWA M45)

Multiple presence factor Mp = 1.2 ( As per Cl. 5.7.3.6 of AWWA M45)

Length of tire footprint tl = 0.25 m ( As per Cl. 5.7.3.6 of AWWA M45)

Factor to account for live load distribution with depth of fill LLDF = 1.15 ( As per Cl. 5.7.3.6 of AWWA M45)

Width of tire footprint tw = 0.5 m ( As per Cl. 5.7.3.6 of AWWA M45)

Bending design factor FSb = 1.5 ( As per Cl. 5.7.4 of AWWA M45)

Page 1 of 7
 Appendix - 1
Structural Design Calculations for Buried GRE Pipeline
( As per AWWA M45: 3rd edition)

Client : BASRAH GAS COMPANY Subject: Structural Design calculations for Buried GRE Pipelines

Project : BASRAH NGL OSBL FEED PROJECT Revision: 01R

Proj. No. : WG011

Page 2 of 7
 Appendix - 1
Structural Design Calculations for Buried GRE Pipeline
( As per AWWA M45: 3rd edition)

Client : BASRAH GAS COMPANY Subject: Structural Design calculations for Buried GRE Pipelines

Project : BASRAH NGL OSBL FEED PROJECT Revision: 01R

Proj. No. : WG011

1.0: Confirmation of Pressure Class (Stress Basis HDB):

As per Cl 5.7.1.1, Eq. 5-1 of AWWA M45:
P_C<(HDB/FS) = 3887.821 Kpa
(2t/D)× 〖 10 〗 ^3 OK

2.0: Check for Working Pressure:

As per Cl 5.7.1.2, Eq. 5.3 of AWWA M45:
P_C≥P_W = OK Kpa

3.0: Check for Surge Pressure:

As per Cl 5.7.1.3, Eq. 5.4 of AWWA M45:
P_C≥((P_W+P_S ))/1.4 = 2000.000 Kpa
OK

4.0: Calculation for limiting deflection:

As per Cl 5.7.2, Eq. 5-6 of AWWA M45:

ε_b=D_f ( 〖∆ y 〗 _a/D) 〖∆ y 〗 _a≤(S_b ∆ya = 4.578 mm

(t_t/D)≤S_b/FS D^2)/(FS D_(f ) t_t )

Limiting Deflection = (∆ya / D) x 100 = 4.402 %

Permitted deflection ≤ Limiting Deflection OK

5.0: Calculate Soil Load:

As per Cl 5.7.3.5, Eq. 5-9 of AWWA M45:
At HMin. Depth of cover W_C=ƴ_s H_min WC = 20.000 KN/m2

At HMax. Depth of cover W_C=ƴ_s H_max WC = 50.000 KN/m2

6.0: Calculate Live Load:

As per Cl 5.7.3.6, Eq. 5-10 of AWWA M45:

Where:
If = Impact Factor at Hmin I_f=1+0.33[((2.44-H_min ))/2.44] If = 1.195

I_f=1+0.33[((2.44-H_max ))/2.44]
If = Impact Factor at Hmax If = 0.992

L1 = Load width parallel to direction of travel

At Hmin L_1=t_I+LLDF . H_min L1 = 1.400 m

At Hmax L_1=t_I+LLDF . H_max L1 = 3.125 m

Hint = Depth at which load from wheels interacts

H_int=((1.83- Hint = 1.157
t_w ))/LLDF

Page 3 of 7
 Appendix - 1
Structural Design Calculations for Buried GRE Pipeline
( As per AWWA M45: 3rd edition)

Client : BASRAH GAS COMPANY Subject: Structural Design calculations for Buried GRE Pipelines

Project : BASRAH NGL OSBL FEED PROJECT Revision: 01R

Proj. No. : WG011
L2 =Load width perpendicular to direction of travel
At Hmin
L2 = tw + (LLDF x Hmin) , (If Hmin < Hint ) L2 = 1.650 m (If Hmin < Hint use Eq. 5-13 or Use Eq. 5-14 to
calculate L2)
L2 = tw + 1.83 + (LLDF x Hmin) , (If Hmin > Hint )
At Hmax
L2 = tw + (LLDF x Hmax) , (If Hmax < Hint ) L2 = 2.603 m (If Hmax < Hint use Eq. 5-13 or Use Eq. 5-14 to
calculate L2)
L2 = tw + 1.83 + (LLDF x Hmax) , (If Hmax > Hint )

W_L=(M_P P I_f)/((L_1
Live Load: ) (L_2 ) )

At Hmin WL = 55.238 KN/m2

At Hmax WL = 13.025 KN/m2

7.0: Calculate the composite constrained soil modulus:

As per Cl 5.7.3.8, Eq. 5-19 of AWWA M45: M_s=S_c M_sb

Constrained modulus of the native soil at pipe elevation Msn = 10.3 Mpa (Medium: As per Table 5-6 of AWWA M45)

Constrained soil modulus of the pipe zone embedment Msb = 9.44 Mpa (Medium: As per Table 5-4 of AWWA M45)

(Dry Condition, Class II at SPD 90; At Hmin)

Constrained soil modulus of the pipe zone embedment Msb = 10.3 Mpa (Medium: As per Table 5-4 of AWWA M45)

(Dry Condition, Class II at SPD 90; At Hmax)

Bouyancy Factor 0.85 Refer Note 7 at Table 5-4 Page 57

Constrained soil modulus of the pipe zone embedment Msb = 8.024 Mpa
(Wet Condition, Class II at SPD 90; At Hmin)
Constrained soil modulus of the pipe zone embedment Msb = 8.755 Mpa
(Wet Condition, Class II at SPD 90; At Hmax)
Dry Condition, At Hmin Msn / Msb = 1.091
Dry Condition, At Hmax Msn / Msb = 1.000
Wet Condition, At Hmin Msn / Msb = 1.284
Wet Condition, At Hmax Msn / Msb = 1.176
Bd / D = 4.054 Where D is considered as OD

Soil support combining factor (Dry Condition, At Hmin) SC = 1.00 (As per Table 5-5 of AWWA M45)

Soil support combining factor (Dry Condition, At Hmax) SC = 1.00 (As per Table 5-5 of AWWA M45)

Soil support combining factor (Wet Condition, At Hmin) SC = 1.00 (As per Table 5-5 of AWWA M45)

Soil support combining factor (Wet Condition, At Hmax) SC = 1.00 (As per Table 5-5 of AWWA M45)

Composite soil constrained modulus (Dry Condition, At H min) Ms = 9.440 Mpa

Composite soil constrained modulus (Dry Condition, At H max) Ms = 10.300 Mpa
Composite soil constrained modulus (Wet Condition, At H min) Ms = 8.024 Mpa
Composite soil constrained modulus (Wet Condition, At H max) Ms = 8.755 Mpa

Page 4 of 7
 Appendix - 1
Structural Design Calculations for Buried GRE Pipeline
( As per AWWA M45: 3rd edition)

Client : BASRAH GAS COMPANY Subject: Structural Design calculations for Buried GRE Pipelines

Project : BASRAH NGL OSBL FEED PROJECT Revision: 01R

Proj. No. : WG011
8.0: Calculate the predicted deflection:
As per Cl 5.7.3, Eq. 5-8 of AWWA M45:

∆y/D=((D_L W_C+ W_L ) K_x)/

((149PS+61000 M_S ) )

The Minimum Values of ( δd / D, ∆Ya / D ) ≥ ∆Y / D

Dry Condition, At Hmin ∆Y / D = 1.348 %

OK

Dry Condition, At Hmax ∆Y / D = 1.285 %

OK

Wet Condition, At Hmin ∆Y / D = 1.348 %

OK

Wet Condition, At Hmax ∆Y / D = 1.490 %

OK

9.0: Check combined loading:

As per Cl 5.7.4, For Stress Basis HDB, Eq. 5-20 & Eq. 5-21 of AWWA M45:

Pressure design factor FSpr = 1.8 (As per Cl. 5.7.4 of AWWA M45)

Working stress due to internal pressure σpr = 34.667 Mpa (As per Cl. 5.7.4, σpr = (Pw x D) / 2t )

Bending stress due to the maximum permitted deflectio σb = 48.522 Mpa (As per Cl. 5.7.4, σb = (Df x E) x (δd/D) x (tt/D) )

Rerounding coefficient rC = 0.333 (As per Cl. 5.7.4, rC = 1 – (Pw / 3,000) (where Pw ≤
3000 kPa)) )

The maximum stress resulting from the combined effects of internal pressure and deflection

(σ_pr 〖 FS 〗 _pr)/HDB+(σ_b r_C)/ 0.590

(S_b E . 〖 10 〗 ^3 ) ≤1
OK

(σ_b r_C 〖 FS 〗 _b)/(S_b E .

〖 10 〗 ^3 )+(σ_pr )/HBD ≤1 0.422
OK

10.0: Check for Buckling:

As per Cl 5.7.5, Eq. 5-24a of AWWA M45:

Scalar calibration factor to account for some nonlinear effects Cn = 0.55 (As per Cl. 5.7.5 of AWWA M45)

Factor to account for variability in stiffness of compacted soil ϕs = 0.9 (As per Cl. 5.7.5 of AWWA M45)

Moment of inertia of unit length I = (t t)3 / 12 I= 3.573 mm4 / mm (As per Cl. 5.7.3.7 of AWWA M45)

Mean pipe radius (r = (OD – t) / 2) r= 52.000 mm (As per Cl. 5.7.3.7 of AWWA M45)

EI= 〖 PS ( 〖 10 〗 ^(-6) ) (0.149)(r+ 〖∆

y 〗 _t/2) 〗 ^3
EI = 9.216 (As per Cl. 5.7.3.7, Eq. 5-18 of AWWA M45)

Correction factor for depth of fill At Hmin Rh = 1.027 (As per Cl. 5.7.5.2 of AWWA M45)

(Rh = 11.4 / (11 + (D /(1000 x h)) ) At Hmax Rh = 1.032 (As per Cl. 5.7.5.2 of AWWA M45)

Page 5 of 7
 Appendix - 1
Structural Design Calculations for Buried GRE Pipeline
( As per AWWA M45: 3rd edition)

Client : BASRAH GAS COMPANY Subject: Structural Design calculations for Buried GRE Pipelines

Project : BASRAH NGL OSBL FEED PROJECT Revision: 01R

Proj. No. : WG011
Allowable Buckling pressure

q_a=((1.2C_n ) (EI)^0.33 (φ_s 〖 10 〗 ^6 M_S

K_V )^0.67 R_h)/((FS) r)

Dry Condition, At Hmin qa = 389.301 Kpa

Dry Condition, At Hmax qa = 415.052 Kpa
Wet Condition, At Hmin qa = 349.137 Kpa
Wet Condition, At Hmax qa = 372.232 Kpa

Check against requirement considering vacuum:

As per Cl 5.7.5, Eq. 5-25 of AWWA M45:
γw = 9800 N/m3
At Hmin hw = 1.000 m
At Hmax hw = 2.500 m
Water buoyancy factor At Hmin Rw = 0.670 (As per Cl. 5.7.5.2 of AWWA M45)

(= 1 – 0.33 x (hw / h) [0 ≤ hw ≤ h]) At Hmax Rw = 0.670 (As per Cl. 5.7.5.2 of AWWA M45)

[γ_w h_w+ R_w (W_c )]× 〖 10 〗 ^(-

3)+P_v≤q_a

Dry Condition, At Hmin 124.525

OK

Dry Condition, At Hmax 159.325

OK

Wet Condition, At Hmin 124.525

OK

Wet Condition, At Hmax 159.325

OK

Check against requirement considering live load:

As per Cl 5.7.5, Eq. 5-26 of AWWA M45:

[γ_w h_w+ R_w (W_c )+W_L ]× 〖 10 〗 ^(-

3)≤q_a

Dry Condition, At Hmin 78.438

OK

Dry Condition, At Hmax 71.025

OK

Wet Condition, At Hmin 78.438

OK

Wet Condition, At Hmax 71.025

OK

Page 6 of 7
 Appendix - 1
Structural Design Calculations for Buried GRE Pipeline
( As per AWWA M45: 3rd edition)

Client : BASRAH GAS COMPANY Subject: Structural Design calculations for Buried GRE Pipelines

Project : BASRAH NGL OSBL FEED PROJECT Revision: 01R

Proj. No. : WG011

Page 7 of 7