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GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT

FOR
PROPOSED “ADITYA’S GARDEN
FLORAA” RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
COMPLEX WARJE, PUNE

Client ADITYA PROMOTERS PUNE


INDEX
SR.
NO. DESCRIPTION

1 INTRODUCTION

2 SITE LOCATION

3 PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION

4 SCOPE OF SERVICES

5 FIELD WORK

6 SUB SOIL PROFILE

7 GROUND WATER LEVEL

8 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS

9 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

12 SAFE BEARING CAPACITY

13 LOCATION PLAN

14 PROFILES

15 BORELOGS

16 LAB TEST RESULTS


INTRODUCTION:
It is proposed to construct residential buildings. To assess the subsoil
strata from safe bearing capacity point of view, soil investigation work was
entrusted to Soil Tech (I) Pvt. Ltd, Pune, by Aditya promoters, Pune
SITE LOCATION:
The site is located about 10 Km from Pune at Warje off Kartaj bye pass
road. Open areas bound the plot from all the four sides. Ground elevation at
the boreholes is uneven. At locations of buildings top layer consisting of
weathered rock was removed with in the investigated area. Thickness of
weathered rock layer varied from 1.0m to 1.5m.

PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION:
It is proposed to construct residential building complex at the site.
Typically the complex will consist of, multi storey buildings, and clubhouse. It
is anticipated that the structures will be constructed mainly reinforced concrete
and area around the buildings will be suitably land scalped.

FIELD WORK:
Drilling and sampling in soil and rock was carried out using rotary drilling
rig. Borehole in soil was advanced using rotary drilling method, while NX size
double tube core barrel with diamond bit was used to drill in rock. Water was
circulated to cool the drilling bit. Ground water table was recorded after 24
hours of completion of drilling. On completion of drilling, soil samples were
packed in plastic containers with proper identification tags. Rock cores were
numbered and kept in core boxes.

SUB SOIL PROFILE:


ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 2
Sub-soil conditions described below are based on drilling and sampling in
boreholes. A generalized sub-soil profile for each borehole investigated is
described below.

Layer - I YELLOW SILTY CLAYEY GRAVEL (MURRUM)


This layer was encountered from ground surface
existing at the time of investigation up to 3m depth.
Standard Penetration Test (S. P. T.) was performed
and 38 blow counts were recorded.
Layer - II DISINTEGRATED, FRACTURED, WEATHERED,
BASALT
This layer was encountered below layer I up to 6m
depth. Standard Penetration Test (S. P. T.) was
performed and refusal to penetration was recorded.
Recovery (Rec.) varies from 0% to 32% and Rock
Quality Designation (RQD) varies from 0% to 21%.
Based on RQD quality of rock can be considered as
very poor.
Layer - III WEATHERED, AMYGDALOIDAL BASALT
This layer was encountered below layer II up to 9m that
is the maximum depth reached. Recovery (Rec.) in this
stratum varies from 60% to 96% and Rock Quality
Designation (RQD) varies from 52% to 79%. Based on
RQD quality of rock can be considered as fair to good.
Saturated unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was
185 Kg/cm2 and 420 Kg/cm2. Based on UCS rock can
be classified as moderately strong.

ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 3


Layer - III FRACTURED, WEATHERED, BASALT
This layer was encountered below layer II up to 6.5m
that is the maximum depth reached. Recovery (Rec.)
varies from 41% to 55% and Rock Quality Designation
(RQD) varies from 0% to 48%. Based on RQD quality of
rock can be considered as very poor to poor. Saturated
unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was 373
kg/cm2. Based on UCS rock can be classified as
moderately strong.

(Above classification is based on driller’s comments, our experience of the area


and values of core recovery and Rock Quality Designation. They should not be
considered for classifying rock from ease of excavation or payment point of
view).

GROUND WATER LEVEL:

ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 4


Water level was encountered in some of the boreholes on completion of
drilling. It may be noted that this may not be permanent ground water level but
level of water used for drilling and not dissipated. Permeability of basalt is low;
it takes long time for drilling water to dissipate. Correct method to determine
Ground water table is to install standpipe piezometer and monitor over long
period of time. Since the area is yet to be developed possibility of flooding the
Area during rainy season and surrounding irrigation cannot be ruled out.

LABORATORY TESTING:
On completion of drilling samples were sent to the laboratory for further
testing. Samples were classified in the laboratory and representative samples
were selected for testing. Following tests were performed.
Rock samples
 Dry and Wet Density
 Soaked unconfined Compression Test
 Percentage absorption

Soil samples
 Mechanical and moisture content
 Liquid and plastic limit Test

ENGINEERING ANALYSIS:

ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 5


Engineering analysis of the subsoil was performed to determine net safe
bearing capacity. Parameters obtained are based on various field and
laboratory tests.
At some locations shadu is encountered followed by murrum while at
other locations only murrum is encountered.
Rock is encountered at variable depth. Rock is considered as very
dense cohesion less material.
It is considered that foundations shall be placed on Hard murrum or rock.
Formulae used are as follows:
1. Bearing Capacity calculation from shear failure consideration of Strip
or spread foundation.
Ultimate bearing capacity = qu = C N C S C + q (Nq – 1) Sq + 0.5  B N  S
Where, C = Cohesion and  = angle of internal friction
Nq, N bearing capacity factors based on 
Sc, Sq, S Shape factors based on 
q = Overburden stress at the bottom of the foundation
 = Unit weight of subsoil
B = Width of foundation.

2. Settlement of Strip or spread foundation


2.1 Modified Schmertmann Method is used for calculating settlements for
foundations placed on rock or murrum.
Settlement = Sd = C1 C2P (Iz / E) Zi
Where, C1 = 1- 0.5(o / P) 0.5
C2 = 1+ 0.2 log (t / 0.1)
P = Stress due to foundation
Iz = Strain influence factor
ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 6
E = Modulus of elasticity of the layer
Zi = Thickness of the layer
2.2 Foundations placed on “shadu” sandy silty clay (consolidation settlement)
Settlement = (Cc / 1+ eo) H log {(Po + P) / Po}
Where Cc = compression index
eo = Initial void ratio
H = Thickness of compressible layer
Po = In situ overburden stress
P = Incremental stress due to foundation

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:


Conclusions and Recommendations are based on following accepted
norms.
 Foundations should not fail in shear. Factor of safety of 2.5 is considered
against shear failure.
 Anticipated settlements should be less than allowable total and differential
settlement and should not exceed 25 and 18 mm resp .for spread or strip
foundations.
It is essential to ensure that black cotton soil is not present below
foundations, pavements or floor slab. Black cotton soil in case encountered,
shall be disposed out side the project boundary. Back fill required below the
foundations or floor slab shall be granular non-swelling soil. Typical
specifications of backfill material shall be as follows:
Percent passing sieve 200 shall not exceed 20% with 100% passing
50mm sieve. Back fill shall be compacted to 95% proctor density for
well-graded or cohesive soils or to minimum 75% of relative for
cohesion less soils. Back fill shall not be compacted with free water
on the surface.

ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 7


Net safe bearing capacity be adopted for strip or spread foundations to
be placed at different depths below the ground surface existing at the time of
investigation is tabulated below for each building location. Foundation width
should not exceed 3.0m.
It is essential to ensure that there are no loose pockets on rock surface.
In case of loose pockets or over excavation, it shall be filled by plain cement
concrete.
In case foundations are placed on shadu or murrum, prior to placement of
blinding concrete, wherever possible it is advisable to compact bottom of
excavation to 95% of proctor density using light compactor.
It shall be ensured that all the foundations of a building shall rest on one
type of sub soil to minimize differential settlements.

SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS:
It is essential to ensure that trees and other landscaped area will be
about 3 m away from the building boundary. Area around the building shall
have proper slope so that the water is drained away from the building
boundary. It is expected that concrete apron will be provided around the
building. This will reduce ingress of water.
MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION:
Modulus of sub grade reaction is determined from plate load test data.
In the absence of such data empirical co-relation may be used. One such
correlation is listed below:
Modulus of sub grade reaction Ks = 40 F x qa KN/m3 (Bowles)
F = Factor of safety
qa = Allowable bearing capacity KN/m2
Notes:

ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 8


1. This report is issued based on the subsoil condition revealed at the
location of boreholes and laboratory tests performed on recovered
samples. If during construction of foundations it is observed that sub soil
conditions vary from those revealed during investigation it is essential that
Soil Tech (I) Pvt. Ltd, Pune shall be contacted so that on confirmation
supplementary report shall be issued.

2. Structural designer should ensure overlap between adjacent foundations is


minimum. To minimize overlap minimum clear distance between two
adjacent foundations shall not be less than minimum width of the two.

ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 9


Calculations For Safe Bearing Capacity
Calculations are based on following assumptions:
Foundation width = 0.6m for Bearing capacity calculations
Foundation width = 3.0m for settlement calculations
Foundation depth = 1.5m below the ground surface existing at the time of
investigation
Ground water table at foundation depth.
Unit weight of subsoil above ground water level =1.7 T /m3
Following subsoil profile is considered for design calculations (BHH)

Depth (m) Type of subsoil o C (T / m2) E (T/m2)


0.0 to 1.0 Black cotton soil - - -
1.0 to 1.5m Shadu/ Murrum - - -
1.5 to 7.5 Fractured weathered 38 - 7000
basalt

Shear Failure Criteria (IS 6403)


Ultimate bearing capacity = qu = C N C S C + q (Nq – 1) Sq + 0.5  B N  S
Where, C = 0 T / m2 and  = 380
Nq = 48.93, N = 78.03, Sq = 1.78, S = 0.6
q = Overburden stress at the bottom of the foundation
= 1.5 X 1.7 = 2.55T/ m2
 = Unit weight of subsoil = 1.7 T / m3
B = Width of foundation = 0.6m
qu = C N C S C + q (Nq – 1) Sq + 0.5  B N  S
= 2.55 x 47.93 x 1.78 + 0.5 x 0.7 x 0.6 x 78.03 x 0.6
= 217.55 + 9.83 = 227.38 T / m2
Factor safety = 3, qsafe = 227.38 / 3 = 75.79 T / m2
ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 10
B) Settlement of foundations
Modified Schmertmann Method is used for calculating settlements.
Settlement = Sd = C1 C2P (Iz / E) Zi
Where, C1 = 1- 0.5(Po / P) 0.5
C2 = 1+ 0.2 log (t / 0.1)
P = Stress due to foundation
Iz = Strain influence factor = 0.5 + 0.1(P / vp)½
E = Modulus of elasticity of the layer
Zi = Thickness of the layer
vp = In-situ stress at B/2 below foundation
P0 = In-situ stress at foundation depth
Foundations placed on fractured weathered rock
A typical foundation of size 3 x 3 m in plan with stress intensity of 35 T / m2 is
considered for settlement calculation.
3m wide foundation
Stress 35 T / m2 1.5m

1.5m 0.1

0.812
1.5m

3.0m

ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 11


Above figure illustrates distribution of strains according Schmertmann. In the
above figure fractured weathered basalt with E = 7000 T/ m2 is present up to
6m below foundation depth.
Settlement = Sd = C1 C2P (Iz / E) Zi
Where, C1 = 1- 0.5(Po / P)  0.5 = 1 - 0.5 (2.55 / 35) = 0.964
Po = In-situ stress at foundation depth = 1.5 X 1.7 = 2.55 T/ m2
C2 = 1+ 0.2 log (t / 0.1) = 1+ 0.2 log (5 / 0.1) = 1.34
P = Stress due to foundation
Iz = Strain influence factor = 0.5 + 0.1(P / vp)½
vp = In-situ stress at B/2 below foundation
= 1.5 X 1.7 + 1.5 x 0.7= 3.6 T/ m2
Iz = 0.5 + 0.1 (35 / 3.6)½ = 0.5 + 0.312 = 0.812
E = Modulus of elasticity of the layer
Zi = Thickness of the layer
Thickness of sub soil contributing to the settlement is 6m.
This zone is divided in three layers as shown above. Influence factor is
calculated at the center of each layer.
Settlement = C1 C2P (Iz / E) Zi
= 0.964 x 1.34 x 35(0.456 x 1500 / 7000) + (0.6765 x 1500 / 7000) +
(0.2705 x 3000 / 7000)
= 45.21 0.098 + 0.15 + 0.12 = 45.21 (0.368)
= 16.63mm less than allowable value of 25mm.

B) Settlement of foundations
Calculations are based on following assumptions:
Foundation width = 0.6m for Bearing capacity calculations
Foundation width = 3.0m for settlement calculations

ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 12


Foundation depth = 1m below the ground surface existing at the time of
investigation
Ground water table at foundation depth.
Unit weight of subsoil above ground water level =1.7 T /m3
Following subsoil profile is considered for design calculations (BHC)

Depth (m) Type of subsoil o C (T / m2) E (T/m2)


0.0 to 1.0 Black cotton soil - - -
1.0 to 3.0m Shadu/ Murrum - 15 -
3.0 to 7.5 Fractured weathered 38 - 7000
basalt

Shear Failure Criteria (IS 6403)


Ultimate bearing capacity = qu = C N C S C + q (Nq – 1) Sq + 0.5  B N  S
Where, C = 15T / m2 and  = 00
Nc =5.14, Nq = 1, N = 0, Sc = 1.2,
q = Overburden stress at the bottom of the foundation
= 1 X 1.7 = 1.7T/ m2
 = Unit weight of subsoil = 1.7 T / m3
B = Width of foundation = 0.6m
qu = C N C S C + q (Nq – 1) Sq + 0.5  B N  S
= 5.14 x 15 x 1.2 = 92.52 T / m2
Factor safety = 3, qsafe = 92.52 / 3 = 30.84 T / m2

Settlement of foundations
Foundations placed on silty clay (consolidation settlement)
Settlement = (Cc / 1+ eo) H log {(Po + P) / Po}
Where Cc = compression index
ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 13
eo = Initial void ratio
H = Thickness of compressible layer
Po = In situ overburden stress
P = Incremental stress due to foundation

Foundations placed on sandy silty clay


Settlement for stress intensity 0f 25 T/m2 for foundation placed at 1m depth
below the ground surface existing at the time of investigation.

3m x 3m foundation
2m

4m

Settlement of foundation will consist of settlement of silty clay and settlement


of soft rock.
Stress intensity at the center of each stratum is calculated below
A. Stress at center of silty clay: 25 (3 x 3) / 4 x 4 = 14.06 T/m2
B. Stress at center of soft rock: 9 (5 x 5) / 9 x 9 = 2.78 T/m2
a. Consolidation settlement in silty clay
Po at 1m depth below foundation depth = 1.7 x 1 + 0.7 x 1 = 2.4 T/m2
Cu = 15 T/m2 Pc (based on correlation) = 45 T/m2 say 25 T/m2
Po + P = 16.46 T/m2 less than Pc, therefore soil will be in recompression.
Cc / 1 + eo based on correlation = 0.15
Cr is about 10% of Cc
Settlement = (Cc / 1+ eo) H log {(Po + P) / Po}
Where Cc = compression index

ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 14


eo = Initial void ratio
H = Thickness of compressible layer
Po = Insitu overburden stress
P = Incremental stress due to foundation
Settlement = 0.015 (2000) log (16.46 / 2.4) = 3.61mm
b. Settlement of soft rock
Settlement = 2.78 x 4000 / 6000 = 1.85mm
Total settlement = 3.61+ 1.85 = 5.46 mm
Less than allowable value of 25mm

ADITYA GARDEN FLORAA,WARJE,PUNE Page 15


LIST OF IS CODES REFERRED IN THE REPORT

FIELD TESTS

Drilling and sampling in soil and rock IS 1892


Standard Penetration test IS 2131

LABORATORY TESTS

Sample preparation IS 2720 (Part I)


Moisture content IS 2720 (Part II)
Sieve analysis IS 2720 (Part IV)
Liquid and Plastic limit IS 2720 (Part V)
Soil classification as per IS IS 1498
Direct shear test IS 2720 (Part XIII)
Consolidation test IS 2720 (Part XV)
Unconfined compression on rock IS 9143
Unit weight / density of rock

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