21st Century Literature

from the Philippines and

the World

LESSON 2: IDENTIFYING REPRESENTATIVE

TEXTS FROM THE REGIONS

NAME: EDWIN C. PERALTA IIIG

GRADE & SECTION: 11 STEM PYTHAGORAS
TEACHER: MRS. MADELEINE CABALAN-AYO
 LESSON 2: IDENTIFYING REPRESENTATIVE
TEXTS FROM THE REGIONS

What’s In

1. What are the different Literary Periods in Philippine Literature?

 Literature in the Philippines evolved as the country's history changed. Pre-Spanish
Literature, Spanish Colonial Period, Enlightenment Period, American Regime, Japanese
Period, Philippine Literature in English, Activism Period, Period of the New Society,
Period of the Third Republic, Post-EDSA 1 Revolution, and finally the Twenty-First
Century Period are the different literary periods in Philippine literature.
2. What are the basic elements of the literary pieces under the Japanese
Regime? American Period? Spanish Period?
 Japanese Regime between 1941 to 1945
 Nationalism, country, love, faith, religion, arts, and life in barrios were all major themes
in Filipino poetry at the time.
 Because literary blossomed in our country, this time was dubbed the "Golden Period" of
literature.
 This had an advantageous effect on Filipino Literature, which experienced renewed
attention because writers in English turned to write in Filipino.
 American Period between 1898 to 1944
o Change in themes: during this period, the writers were influenced to write
according to American themes and methods of writing.
o Change in language: The authors switched from Spanish, Tagalog, and different
regional dialects to American English.
 Spanish Period
o Folk songs became popular
o The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs,
corridos, and moro-moros.
o There are many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish
times and this literary pieces are extremely religious in nature. Almost all of them
were in a poetic form such Cenaculo, Panunuluyan, Salubong and Zarzuela.
3. What are changes in Literature during the 21st Century?
 Over the last century, the form and aim of literature has evolved dramatically. We can't
say that it hasn't altered much over time. To satisfy the needs and tastes of the next
generation, new trends have been adopted and introduced. New codes or lingos are being
utilized to give flavor to literary works created today since 21st Century learners are
expected to be ICT savvy with contemporary technologies in order to compete with the
style and structure of writing as well.
What’s New
Imagery is a poetic element that tries to create a picture in the mind of the reader or a mental
image through the use of figural language. It represents objects, places, ideas, or even actions
that appeal to the senses of the readers.

Gabu
by Carlos A. Angeles
The battering restlessness of the sea And neutral where the sea has beached
Insists a tidal fury upon the beach its brine,
At Gabu, and its pure consistency Where the spilt salt of its heart lies
Havos the wasteland hard within its spread
reach. Among the dark habiliments of Time.
Brutal the daylong bashing of its heart The vital splendor misses. For here,
Against the seascape where, for miles here
around, At Gabu where the ageless tide recurs All
Farther than sight itself, the rock- things forfeited are most loved and dear.
stones part It is the sea pursues a habit of shores.
And drop into the elemental wound. The
waste of centuries is grey and dead

1. What image does the poem, Gabu, try to create?

 Gabu shows a shoreline that is continuously subjected to the sea's pounding restlessness,
which morphs across time perceptions and memory dimensions. With its daylong
pounding, the water that returns to the beach appears furious and vicious, wreaking
devastation on the wasteland. The water has been there for ages, and being able to see
enormous tidal surges wreak havoc on the island, as typhoons often strike Gabu's beach,
is a unique experience.
2. Which word or group of words from the poem help you form this image?
Draw this on a separate sheet of paper.
 The words “The battering restlessness of the sea Insists a tidal fury upon the beach At
Gabu, and its pure consistency Havos the wasteland hard within its reach.” and “The
waste of century is grey and dead. And neutral where the sea has beached its brine.”
helped me envision the idea of a sea prone to typhoons.
 What’s More
ACTIVITY1. GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Directions: Delve deeper into the poem Gabu by Carlos A. Angeles using the graphic organizer.
You may re-read the poem to get the details that would complete the organizer.

Title of the Text: Gabu

Author: Carlos A. Angeles
QUESTIONS RESPONSE
Gabu is all about the frequent occurrence of typhoons and how this
TOPIC: What is the text all about? phenomenon affected creatures living on that island. The author of
the poem used group of words that describe and represents people’s
lives as being restless like the sea.
SITUATION: What is the setting referred A coastline in Ilocos it is bordered to the west by the turbulent South
to or described in the text? China Sea and because of its geographical boundaries, people often
experience heavy rains and violent typhoons, especially during rainy
seasons.
CLIENT: Who is the target group of The poem Gabu by Carlos Angeles is referring to the residents living
readers of the text? near the coastline which is the Ilocanos being vulnerable to the
impact of the typhoons.
Historically, the people of the Ilocos Region are resourceful and
industrious, their resilience, probably, stemming from their
geographical location and extreme weather patterns. Their high
How would you describe the group in inclination to save, misread by non-Ilocanos as characteristic of a
terms of skills, values, beliefs and typical tightwad, is evident in the high average savings rate of the
attitudes region throughout the years. Ilocanos have an elaborate network of
beliefs and practice which he applies when he deals with the people
around him. Ilocanos are known to be hardworking and frugal, hardy
in the face of adversity. Respect and humility in everyday dealings
mark the Ilocano personality; they live simply, concentrating on
work and productivity. Local artisans like fabric weavers and potters
are famous for their skilled craftwork.
PURPOSE: Why was the text written We all know that most of the inhabitants of the Ilocano homeland
What does it hope to achieve especially are concentrated along a narrow coastal plain, people are prone to
among its client? heavy rains and violent typhoons, especially during rainy seasons,
the text was written to raise awareness and encourage people to
appreciate and care for nature. The poetry, on the other hand, as a
depiction of life, provides the readers a new goal or purpose. It
informs us that no matter what life throws at us, we should believe
that stability will arrive and that we will be able to overcome
obstacles.
PERSONA: Who is the voice behind the The voice behind the text is most likely a portrayal of someone on the
text? What is known about him or her? beach, contemplating life while watching the waves, and we may
assume that this is one of the people of the island of Gabu in the
Ilocos Norte area.
 ACTIVITY 2. OUTLINE
What does the writer want to say about the use of Filipino especially in awakening the social and
moral consciousness of the masses? Outline the main points of the essay through the graphic
organizer below.

Because the Philippines was colonized by several countries, it is well-known for its rich and diverse literature.
Nonetheless, we have a wealth of literature that we can call "ours," which came from our forefathers and was
passed down down the centuries. However, as time passes, Filipinos have become increasingly affected by
foreign literature, abandoning our own and allowing it to perish.

Many people are looking forward Today's literature is mostly A plea for the development of
to the resurgence of literature. concerned with public demand. Philippine literature

Authors such as Efren R. Albueg, The first edition of the anthology Both the third and fourth editions,
Dominador B. Mirasol, Rogelio L. came out in 1964 where each author published in 1993 and 2010, had 25
Ordo-ez, Edgardo M. Reyes, and had three works published. In the tales. Their short stories dealt with
Rogelio R. Sikat were acknowledged second edition in 1974, Mirasol's themes affecting the working class,
and acknowledged in the middle stories were added; there were 20 peasants, the poor, women, and
1960s for their outstanding literary short stories in the anthology. He youth. Many of the pieces received
works that captivated the Filipino noted that "Mga Agos sa Disyerto" praise and attention. The anthology
public. Agos sa Disyerto is a went along the tradition of social spread like wildfire, ushering in a
remarkable compilation in many consciousness of Rizal novels and new age in Philippine literature.
asspects. But what's most striking departed in method and temper from This drew the attention of the
about the writing is how it avoids the writings of earlier generations. Filipino people because they write
the typical Tagalog narrative flow. The authors demonstrated skill in the to educate and move society, not
craft of modern fiction" and their only to entertain. The text
works far exceeded those written in emphasizes the relevance of
English in terms of "structure, tone literature in citizens' daily lives as
and texture. something that symbolizes culture,
creates knowledge, encourages
instruction, and allows stories to
transcend time.

In conclusion to that, the Mga Agos sa Disyerto wave ushered in a new era in Filipino literature, one in which
nationalistic pride in the 1960s and 1970s aided in bringing about a shift in attitude among a new breed of Filipinos
concerned about their "Filipino identity," and a period in which writers seriously grappled with issues of our own
literature being neglected by Filipinos.
What I Can Do
ACTIVITY1. VERSE OF THE DAY
The text you are about to encounter is written by a native Visayan who was born in
Maribojoc, Bohol. Considered by many as a feminist Filipina who strongly promotes
women’s rights, Marjorie Evasco is not only a Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awardee
but also recipient to several accolades here and abroad. Give the meaning of the
following verses: 1, 6, & 7

VERSE 1- We have the right to our own experiences, which shape how things look to us. What
it's attempting to say is that though women all over the globe, may differ from one another,
there is one thing we can call our common ground, and that is our rights and talents as women.
A woman has the right to live in dignity, free from hunger and fear.
VERSE 6- Women are more powerful as a group. It implies that women all around the
world are connected, resulting in a varied pool of female-driven expertise and
experience. It's a gathering place for women to meet, learn from, and support one
another. Without an invisible jet and a lasso of truth, there are numerous ways for a
woman to be powerful.
VERSE 7- It reveals the physical, spiritual, and mental capabilities of women. Women
are not supposed to be strong and independent; they are supposed to constantly be
under a man's protection and never think for themselves. Women are now proving that
theory incorrect. They are beginning to ascend and demonstrate that they deserve to
be recognized as men who work hard and are capable.

Additional Activities
ACTIVITY 1 SHORT REFLECTION
1. In what ways can you as a Filipino reader be affected by such works (short stories in Tagalog)
that endeavor to open the minds of people on socio-political and moral issues confronting the
country.

Me, as a Filipino reader, whenever I am affected by the story or been touched by it, I
usually send some good remarks unto them and the best way to do to also share the good works
to everyone, I let others recommend to read the story, a passage, or even an article that I know
that it could change their life. Such as history, there are a lot that we still need to know and
others would know because some of them had heard the story but haven't read and it is better to
portray in reality so they may apply to it for the goodness of our country. For example there is
something “intuitively appealing” to the claim that reading novels can change the hearts and
minds of readers and by doing so contribute to the development of a liberal and democratic
society, as Simon Stow says in a recent review of the work of Nussbaum and Rorty on the novel.7
The big question, however, is: how does the novel accomplish this job? Stow demonstrates how
both philosophers uncritically put their trust in the message of the novel for its impact on
society. The story is supposed to contain lessons that, when taken to heart, move people to look
differently at the fate of their fellow men.