Ramirez 8th Math
Ramirez 8th Math
Name:__________________________Period:____________Date:______________
Algebra 1
Day 1 and 2
Algebra 1
Day 3 and 4
2 Term
3 Coefficient
4 Constant
one terms
7 Binomial
8 Trinomial
9 Multinomial
10 Degree of a
Polynomial
11 Degree of a Term
12 Like Terms
13 Unlike Terms
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Algebra 1
Day 5 and 6
I can Add, subtract, and multiply polynomials and understand that polynomials
are closed under these operations.
I can apply polynomial addition and subtract to contextual problems
Learning Targets
I Can Statements
Essential How does the degree of a polynomial change its graph? How do we perform
Question(s) operations on polynomials? How do we factor polynomials?
Khan Academy Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra2/x2ec2f6f830c9fb89:poly-
arithmetic/x2ec2f6f830c9fb89:poly-add-sub/v/adding-and-subtracting-
polynomials-1
Read and solve the problem. You may write on this test.
Circle your response on the accompany scantron.
Use the expression for problems 1 and 2.
1. What is the degree of the expression?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
2. What is the leading coefficient of the expression?
A. -4 B. 3 C. 15 D. 2
3. Find the sum.
A. C.
B. D.
4. Subtract
A. C.
B. D.
5. Simplify
A. C.
B. D.
6. Simplify.
A. -5x – 2 C. 6x – 6
B. 6x – 2 D.
Match the polynomial?
7. 2d A. Trinomial
8. B. Monomial
9. C. Binomial
10. Write in stanard form: .
_____
Exponents
exponent
Power
5 3
base
53 means 3 factors of 5 or 5 x 5 x 5
The Laws of Exponents:
#1: Exponential form: The exponent of a power indicates
how many times the base multiplies itself.
x x x x x x x x
n
n times
n factors of x
Example: 5 5 5 5
3
#2: Multiplying Powers: If you are multiplying Powers
with the same base, KEEP the BASE & ADD the EXPONENTS!
m n
x x x
m n
2
Powers, you
subtract the 16
exponents!
Try these:
12
s
1. 3 3
2 2 7. 4
s
2. 52 54 3 9
8.
a a
5 2 5
3. 3
12 8
4. 2s 4s
2 7 s t
9. 4 4
st
5. (3) (3)
2 3
5 8
36a b
10.
s t s t
2 4 7 3 4 5
6. 4a b
SOLUTIONS
2 2
1. 3 3 3 3 81
2 2 4
2 4
2. 5 5 5 5
2 4 6
5 2
3. a a a
5 2
a 7
2 7
4. 2s 4s 2 4 s
2 7
8s 9
23
5. (3) (3) (3)
2 3
(3) 243
5
6. s t s t
2 4 7 3
s 2 7 43
t s t
9 7
SOLUTIONS
12
s 12 4
8
7. 4
s s
s
9
3 9 5
4
8. 5
3 3 81
3
12 8
s t 12 4 8 4
8 4
9. 4 4
s t s t
st
5 8
36a b 5 4 8 5
3
10. 4 5
36 4 a b 9 ab
4a b
#4: Power of a Power: If you are raising a Power to an
exponent, you multiply the exponents!
x
n
m
x mn
So, when I
take a Power
to a power, I
multiply the
exponents x
3 5
= x 35
=
15
x
#5: Product Law of Exponents: If the product of the
bases is powered by the same exponent, then the result is a
multiplication of individual factors of the product, each powered
by the given exponent.
xy x y
n n n
all factors of
the product.
#6: Quotient Law of Exponents: If the quotient of the
bases is powered by the same exponent, then the result is both
numerator and denominator , each powered by the given exponent.
n
x x n
n
y y
So, when I take a
Power of a
Quotient, I apply 4
2 2 16
4
the exponent to
all parts of the 4
quotient. 3 3 81
Try these: 5
s
1. 3
2 5
7.
t 2
2. a 3 4
39
8. 5
3. 2a 2 3
3
2
4. 2 a b 5 3 2 st
8
2
9. 4
rt
5. (3a ) 2 2
5 8 2
36a b
10.
4 5
6. s t 2 4 3
4a b
SOLUTIONS
1. 3 2 5
310
2. a 3 4
a12
3. 2 a 2 3
2 a
3 23
8a 6
2
4. 2 a b 5 3 2
222 a 52b32 24 a10 b 6 16a10 b 6
6. s t 2 4 3
s t
23 43
s t
6 12
SOLUTIONS
5
s
5
s
7.
t
5
t
2
3 9
8. 5 34 2 38
3
2
st 8
st 4 2
s 2 8
t
9. 4 2
rt
r r
2
36 a b
5 8
10 4 5
4a b
9ab 3
2
9 a b
2 2 32
81a b
2 6
#7: Negative Law of Exponents: If the base is powered
by the negative exponent, then the base becomes reciprocal with the
positive exponent.
m 1
So, when I have a
x m
Negative Exponent, I x
switch the base to its
reciprocal with a
Positive Exponent.
Ha Ha! 31 1
5 3
If the base with the 5 125
negative exponent is in and
the denominator, it
moves to the 1
numerator to lose its 2
3 2
9
3
negative sign!
#8: Zero Law of Exponents: Any base powered by zero
exponent equals one.
x 1
0
So zero 50 1
factors of a
and
base equals 1.
That makes a0 1
sense! Every and
power has a (5a ) 0 1
coefficient
of 1.
Try these: 1
2
2
1. 2a b 2 0
7.
x 2
2. y 2 y 4 39
8. 5
3. a 5 1
3
2
4. s 4s 2 7 s t
2 2
9. 4 4
s t
5. 3 x y 2
3 4
36a
5 2
10. 4 5
6. s t
2 4 0
4a b
SOLUTIONS
1. 2 a b 1
2
0
3. a 5
5 1
1
a
2
4. s 4s 4s
7 5
8
2 3 4 4 12 x
5. 3 x y 3 x y 8
81 y12
6. s t 2 4 0
1
SOLUTIONS
1 1
2 2 4 x
7.
x x 4
9 2
3
3
4 2 8 1
8. 5 3 8
3 3
2
9. 4 4 s t s t
s t 2 2
2 2 2 4 4
s t
2 10
36a 5 b
10. 4 5 9 2
a 2
b10
2
81a
4 a b
Let’s Define it.
P O LY N O M I A L V O C A B U L A R Y
Degree of a term
To find the degree, take the sum of the exponents on the
variables contained in the term.
Degree of a constant is 0.
Degree of the term 5a4b3c is 8 (remember that c can be
written as c1).
Degree of a polynomial
To find the degree, take the largest degree of any term of the
polynomial.
Degree of 9x3 – 4x2 + 7 is 3.
E VA L U AT I N G P O LY N O M I A L S
Example
2x3 – 3x + 4 = 2( 2)3 – 3( 2) + 4
= 2( 8) + 6 + 4
= 6
COMBINING LIKE TERMS
Like terms are terms that contain exactly the same variables raised
to exactly the same powers.
Warning!
Only like terms can be combined through addition and
subtraction.
Example
Combine like terms to simplify.
x2y + xy – y + 10x2y – 2y + xy
= x2y + 10x2y + xy + xy – y – 2y (Like terms are grouped together)
Adding Polynomials
Combine all the like terms.
Subtracting Polynomials
Change the signs of the terms of the
polynomial being subtracted, and then
combine all the like terms.
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING POLYNOMIALS
Example
Add or subtract each of the following, as indicated.
1) (3x – 8) + (4x2 – 3x +3) = 3x – 8 + 4x2 – 3x + 3
= 4x2 + 3x – 3x – 8 + 3
= 4x2 – 5
2) 4 – (– y – 4) = 4 + y + 4 = y + 4 + 4 = y + 8
3) (– a2 + 1) – (a2 – 3) + (5a2 – 6a + 7)
= – a2 + 1 – a2 + 3 + 5a2 – 6a + 7
= – a2 – a2 + 5a2 – 6a + 1 + 3 + 7 = 3a2 – 6a + 11
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING POLYNOMIALS
Let’s Multiply!
M U LT I P LY I N G P O LY N O M I A L S
Multiplying polynomials
• If all of the polynomials are monomials, use
the associative and commutative properties.
• If any of the polynomials are not monomials,
use the distributive property before the
associative and commutative properties.
Then combine like terms.
Multiplying Polynomials
Example
Multiply each of the following.
1) (3x2)(– 2x) = (3)(– 2)(x2 · x) = – 6x3
2) (4x2)(3x2 – 2x + 5)
= (4x2)(3x2) – (4x2)(2x) + (4x2)(5) (Distributive property)
(2x2 + x – 1)(x2 + 3x + 4)
Let’s multiply!
THE FOIL METHOD
F O I L
(y – 12)(y + 4) = y2 + 4y – 12y – 48
= y2 – 8y – 48
Using the FOIL Method
Example
Multiply (2x – 4)(7x + 5)
F L F O I L
(2x – 4)(7x + 5) = 2x(7x) + 2x(5) – 4(7x) – 4(5)
I
O = 14x2 + 10x – 28x – 20
= 14x2 – 18x – 20
We multiplied these same two binomials together in the
previous section, using a different technique, but arrived at the
same product.
Special Products
In the process of using the FOIL method on products of
certain types of binomials, we see specific patterns that
lead to special products.
Squaring a Binomial
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
Multiplying the Sum and Difference of Two Terms
(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2
Special Products
Let’s divide!
D I V I D I N G P O LY N O M I A L S
3 3
12 a 36 a 15 12 a 36 a 15
Example
3a 3a 3a 3a
2 5
4a 12
a
DIVIDING POLYNOMIALS
D I V I D I N G P O LY N O M I A L S
So our answer is 4x – 5.
Dividing Polynomials
D I V I D I N G P O LY N O M I A L S
GOODBYE!
6-4 Adding and Subtracting
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Polynomials
Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz
Holt
Holt McDougal
Algebra
Algebra 1 1Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Warm Up
Essential Objective
Add and subtract polynomials.
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example: Adding and Subtracting Monomials
B. 5x2 – 6 – 3x + 8
5x2 – 6 – 3x + 8 Identify like terms.
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
I do….
C. t2 + 2s2 – 4t2 – s2
t2 + 2s2 – 4t2 – s2 Identify like terms.
t2 – 4t2 + 2s2 – s2
–3t2 + s2
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Remember!
Like terms are constants or terms with the same
variable(s) raised to the same power(s).
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
We d0....
Add or subtract.
a. 2s2 + 3s2 + s
2s2 + 3s2 + s
5s2 + s
b. 4z4 – 8 + 16z4 + 2
4z4 – 8 + 16z4 + 2
4z4 + 16z4 – 8 + 2
20z4 – 6
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
You do….
Add or subtract.
c. 2x8 + 7y8 – x8 – y8
x8 + 6y8
b3c2
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example: Adding Polynomials
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example: Subtracting Polynomials
(x3 – 2x3) + 4y
–x3 + 4y Combine like terms.
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
We do….
(–10x2 – 3x + 7) + (–x2 + 9)
(–10x2 – 3x + 7) + (–x2 + 9)
–10x2 – 3x + 7
–x2 + 0x + 9
–11x2 – 3x + 16
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
You do….
9q2 – 3q + 0
+ − q2 – 0q + 5
8q2 – 3q + 5
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Example: Application
A farmer must add the areas of two plots of
land to determine the amount of seed to
plant. The area of plot A can be represented
by 3x2 + 7x – 5 and the area of plot B can
be represented by 5x2 – 4x + 11. Write a
polynomial that represents the total area of
both plots of land.
(3x2 + 7x – 5) Plot A.
+ (5x2 – 4x + 11) Plot B.
8x2 + 3x + 6 Combine like terms.
Holt Algebra 1
6-4 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Lesson Quiz 01/06/17
Add or subtract.
1. 7m2 + 3m + 4m2
Holt Algebra 1
SOUTHEAST MIDDLE SCHOOL
Horrel Hill Road, Hopkins, South Carolina
Name:__________________________Period:____________Date:______________
Math 8
Day 1 through 5
1. 3 3 2 2 s12
7. 4
s
2. 52 54
39
8.
3. a a
5 2
35
4. 2s 2 4s 7 s12 t 8
9. 4 4
st
5. (3) 2 (3)3
36a 5b8
6. s 2t 4 s 7 t 3 10. 4 5
4a b
5
2 5 s
1. 3 7.
t
2. a 3 4
2
3 9
3. 2 a 2 3
8. 5
3
4. 2 a b 2 5 3 2
2
st 8
9. 4
5. (3a ) 2 2
rt
6. s t 2 4 3
36a 5b8
10. 4 5
2
4a b
1. 2a b
2 0
2 2
1
7.
4
2. y y
2
x
a
2
5 1 3
9
3. 8. 5
3
4. s 2 4s 7
2
s t 2 2
9. 4 4
5. 3 x y 2
3 4
s t
s t
2
2 4 0
36a 5
6. 10. 4 5
4a b
Power
5 3
base
53 means 3 factors of 5 or 5 x 5 x 5
The Laws of Exponents:
#1: Exponential form: The exponent of a power indicates
how many times the base multiplies itself.
x x x x x x x x
n
n times
n factors of x
Example: 5 5 5 5
3
#2: Multiplying Powers: If you are multiplying Powers
with the same base, KEEP the BASE & ADD the EXPONENTS!
m n
x x x
m n
2
Powers, you
subtract the 16
exponents!
Try these:
12
s
1. 3 3
2 2 7. 4
s
2. 52 54 3 9
8.
a a
5 2 5
3. 3
12 8
4. 2s 4s
2 7 s t
9. 4 4
st
5. (3) (3)
2 3
5 8
36a b
10.
s t s t
2 4 7 3 4 5
6. 4a b
SOLUTIONS
2 2
1. 3 3 3 3 81
2 2 4
2 4
2. 5 5 5 5
2 4 6
5 2
3. a a a
5 2
a 7
2 7
4. 2s 4s 2 4 s
2 7
8s 9
23
5. (3) (3) (3)
2 3
(3) 243
5
6. s t s t
2 4 7 3
s 2 7 43
t s t
9 7
SOLUTIONS
12
s 12 4
8
7. 4
s s
s
9
3 9 5
4
8. 5
3 3 81
3
12 8
s t 12 4 8 4
8 4
9. 4 4
s t s t
st
5 8
36a b 5 4 8 5
3
10. 4 5
36 4 a b 9 ab
4a b
#4: Power of a Power: If you are raising a Power to an
exponent, you multiply the exponents!
x
n
m
x mn
So, when I
take a Power
to a power, I
multiply the
exponents x
3 5
= x 35
=
15
x
#5: Product Law of Exponents: If the product of the
bases is powered by the same exponent, then the result is a
multiplication of individual factors of the product, each powered
by the given exponent.
xy x y
n n n
all factors of
the product.
#6: Quotient Law of Exponents: If the quotient of the
bases is powered by the same exponent, then the result is both
numerator and denominator , each powered by the given exponent.
n
x x n
n
y y
So, when I take a
Power of a
Quotient, I apply 4
2 2 16
4
the exponent to
all parts of the 4
quotient. 3 3 81
Try these: 5
s
1. 3
2 5
7.
t 2
2. a 3 4
39
8. 5
3. 2a 2 3
3
2
4. 2 a b 5 3 2 st
8
2
9. 4
rt
5. (3a ) 2 2
5 8 2
36a b
10.
4 5
6. s t 2 4 3
4a b
SOLUTIONS
1. 3 2 5
310
2. a 3 4
a12
3. 2 a 2 3
2 a
3 23
8a 6
2
4. 2 a b 5 3 2
222 a 52b32 24 a10 b 6 16a10 b 6
6. s t 2 4 3
s t
23 43
s t
6 12
SOLUTIONS
5
s
5
s
7.
t
5
t
2
3 9
8. 5 34 2 38
3
2
st 8
st 4 2
s 2 8
t
9. 4 2
rt
r r
2
36 a b
5 8
10 4 5
4a b
9ab 3
2
9 a b
2 2 32
81a b
2 6
#7: Negative Law of Exponents: If the base is powered
by the negative exponent, then the base becomes reciprocal with the
positive exponent.
m 1
So, when I have a
x m
Negative Exponent, I x
switch the base to its
reciprocal with a
Positive Exponent.
Ha Ha! 31 1
5 3
If the base with the 5 125
negative exponent is in and
the denominator, it
moves to the 1
numerator to lose its 2
3 2
9
3
negative sign!
#8: Zero Law of Exponents: Any base powered by zero
exponent equals one.
x 1
0
So zero 50 1
factors of a
and
base equals 1.
That makes a0 1
sense! Every and
power has a (5a ) 0 1
coefficient
of 1.
Try these: 1
2
2
1. 2a b 2 0
7.
x 2
2. y 2 y 4 39
8. 5
3. a 5 1
3
2
4. s 4s 2 7 s t
2 2
9. 4 4
s t
5. 3 x y 2
3 4
36a
5 2
10. 4 5
6. s t
2 4 0
4a b
SOLUTIONS
1. 2 a b 1
2
0
3. a 5
5 1
1
a
2
4. s 4s 4s
7 5
8
2 3 4 4 12 x
5. 3 x y 3 x y 8
81 y12
6. s t 2 4 0
1
SOLUTIONS
1 1
2 2 4 x
7.
x x 4
9 2
3
3
4 2 8 1
8. 5 3 8
3 3
2
9. 4 4 s t s t
s t 2 2
2 2 2 4 4
s t
2 10
36a 5 b
10. 4 5 9 2
a 2
b10
2
81a
4 a b