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Lecture Three: Engineering Drawing & Design (EDRD101)

The document discusses relays, including: 1) Relays are electrical switches that use electromagnets to control the position of contacts and allow low-power signals to control high power loads. 2) Relays have three main parts - an electromagnetic coil, contacts (normally open and normally closed), and a movable armature. 3) Relays operate by using a magnetic field generated by an energized coil to pull the armature and close the normally open contacts, completing the load circuit. When de-energized, a spring returns the armature to open the contacts.

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Makhosonke Mkhonza
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37 views

Lecture Three: Engineering Drawing & Design (EDRD101)

The document discusses relays, including: 1) Relays are electrical switches that use electromagnets to control the position of contacts and allow low-power signals to control high power loads. 2) Relays have three main parts - an electromagnetic coil, contacts (normally open and normally closed), and a movable armature. 3) Relays operate by using a magnetic field generated by an energized coil to pull the armature and close the normally open contacts, completing the load circuit. When de-energized, a spring returns the armature to open the contacts.

Uploaded by

Makhosonke Mkhonza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE THREE

Engineering Drawing & Design


(EDRD101)
What is a RELAY?
Definitions of Relay
• A relay is a device that opens or closes its contacts to cause the
operation of the other electric control. It detects the intolerable or
undesirable condition with an assigned area and gives the commands
to the circuit breaker to disconnect the affected area.
• A relay is an electrical switch that uses an electromagnet to move the
switch from the off to on position instead of a person moving the
switch. A relay is an electrical switch that uses an electro-magnetic
solenoid to control the position of a mechanical power contactor.
Definitions of Relay
• A relay is a switch that
is turned on or off
using electricity. Relays
allow a low-power
signal to control a large
amount of power.
• It takes a relatively
small amount of power
to turn on a relay but
the relay can control
something that draws
much more power.
Difference Between Relay and Circuit Breaker
RELAY CIRCUIT BREAKER
• Is a switching device which gives a • It breaks the circuit
signal to the circuit breaker as soon
as the fault occurs in the power automatically when receives the
system. signal from the relay.
• Does not break the contact. It only • It breaks the circuit contacts.
senses the error and send the
signal to the circuit breaker. • It is an isolating or disconnecting
• Is a switching and sensing device. device.
• It operates on low power input
voltage. • It is an automatic on load device.
• It is used to control or select one • It uses one per circuit.
among many circuits.
• It acts an electrical amplifier for
• It does not act as an amplifier.
discrete signal.
Construction of Relay
• A relay essentially consists of a coil to
which a voltage is applied, a core upon
which the coil is wound, relay contacts,
and a movable steel armature which is
held against one of the contacts by means
of the spring.
• Before the voltage is applied to the coil
the relay is said to be in its normal or de-
energized position. Its action depends on
the interaction of the magnetic field set
up by the coil carrying the current and the
movable steel armature. Thus, the relay
consists of two separate
• electrical circuits that are connected to
each other only through a magnetic
connection,
• and the relay is controlled by controlling
the switching of the electromagnet.
Construction of Relay
• Relays have basically have 3 main parts :
a. Electromagnetic coil
b. Contacts- Normally Open (NO) and
Normally Closed (NC)
c. A Movable Armature.
• There are two types of the contacts
a. Normally Open contacts are making
contacts when the coil is energized
b. Normally Closed contacts are making
contacts when the coil is not energized.
• Movable Armature- It makes the contact
with the Normally Closed point when the
coil is not energized and makes the
contacts with the Normally Open
contacts when coil is energized as shown
in the figure above.
Basic Operation of Relay
• Relays have two circuits:
Control Circuit (Green)
Load Circuit (Red)
• The control circuit has a small
control coil while the load
circuit has a switch
• The coil controls the operation
of the switch
Basic Operation of Relay
• When the coil is supplied with voltage a
magnetic field is generated around it which
pulls the hinged armature down onto the
contact. This completes the 'high' current
circuit between the terminals and the relay is
said to be energised.
• When voltage is removed from the coil
terminal the spring pulls the armature back
into it's 'at rest' position and breaks the circuit
between the terminals. So by applying or
removing power to the coil (the low current
circuit) we switch the high current circuit on
or off.
Working Condition of Relay
• There are two condition
of the working of the Relay
Normally Open Condition
: In the Normal condition
the contacts are open.
When the coil is energized
the contacts are closed
Normally Closed
Condition :- In the normal
condition the contacts are
closed. When the coil is
energized the contacts
opened
Labeling of Relay Pins
Four Pin Relays
Five Pin Relays
Application of NO NC Relay in process control

A process switch will be in its


resting (“normal”) condition
when the stimulus value is less
Electromechanical relays may be
than the trip threshold, and will
connected together to perform logic
be in its actuated condition
and control functions, acting as logic
when the stimulus exceeds the
elements much like digital gates
threshold.
(AND, OR, etc.).
Example
Determine the statuses of all
lamps and relay coils in this
circuit, given the following
process conditions:
 Flow = 3.5 GPM
 Pressure = 41 PSI
 Temperature = 155°F
 Level = 1.3 ft
 Pushbutton A = unpressed
 Pushbutton B = unpressed
Exercise
Determine the statuses of all
lamps and relay coils in this
circuit, given the following
process conditions:
 Flow = 4 GPM
 Pressure = 24 PSI
 Temperature = 190°F
 Level = 2.5 ft
 Pushbutton A = pressed
 Pushbutton B = pressed
Example
Solution
Exercise
Solution
References
• https://circuitglobe.com/relay.html
• Know about Different Types of Relays by Edgefx Kits and Solutions
• http://www.railway-technical.com/relay.gif
• Relay Operation by Matthew Whitten,Brookhaven College
• Electric Relays, Principles and Application by Vladimir Gurevich
• Understanding Relays by Kevin R Sullivan
• http://www.vegoilguy.co.uk/auto_electrics_relays.php

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