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Logic Logic Equivalance Relations: TR1333 Tutorial 1 W 2

This document contains a tutorial on logic and proofs with 10 exercises: 1. Find the truth values of logic propositions assuming certain variables are true or false. 2. Determine the truth values of conditional statements. 3. Determine if logic propositions are logically equivalent. 4. Write quantified statements using predicates in words and symbols and determine if they are true given a domain. 5. Determine if quantified statements using a propositional function are true given a domain of real numbers. 6. Determine if quantified statements using a relation are true given a domain of positive integers and provide negations. 7. Formulate arguments from exercises 1-5 symbolically and determine validity. 8. Give

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135 views3 pages

Logic Logic Equivalance Relations: TR1333 Tutorial 1 W 2

This document contains a tutorial on logic and proofs with 10 exercises: 1. Find the truth values of logic propositions assuming certain variables are true or false. 2. Determine the truth values of conditional statements. 3. Determine if logic propositions are logically equivalent. 4. Write quantified statements using predicates in words and symbols and determine if they are true given a domain. 5. Determine if quantified statements using a propositional function are true given a domain of real numbers. 6. Determine if quantified statements using a relation are true given a domain of positive integers and provide negations. 7. Formulate arguments from exercises 1-5 symbolically and determine validity. 8. Give

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Sazs Gaming
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© © All Rights Reserved
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TR1333

TUTORIAL 1

W Logic; Logic equivalance relations


2
1 Assuming that p and r value are false and that q and s are true, find the truth value of each
proposition.
a) p → q
b) ¬ p → ¬ q
c) ¬ (p → q)
d) ( p → q ) ^ ( q → r )
e) (p → q ) → r
f) p → (q → r )
g) ( s → ( p^ ¬ r) ) ^ ( ( p → ( r ¿ q ) ) ^ s )
h) (( p ^ ¬ q ) → (q ^ r )) → ( s ¿ ¬ q )

2 Determine the truth value of each proposition.


a) If 3 + 5 < 2, then 1 + 3 = 4
b) If 3 + 5 < 2, then 1 + 3 ≠ 4
c) If 3 + 5 > 2, then 1 + 3 = 4
d) If 3 + 5 > 2, then 1 + 3 ≠ 4
e) 3 + 5 > 2 if and only if 1 + 3 = 4
f) 3 + 5 < 2 if and only if 1 + 3 = 4
g) 3 + 5 < 2 if and only if 1 + 3 ≠ 4
h) If the earth has six moons, then 1 < 3.
i) If 1 < 3, then the earth has six moons.

3 For each pair of propositions P and Q, state whether or not P ¿ Q.


a) P = p, Q = p ¿ q
b) P = p ^ q, Q = ¬ p ¿ ¬ q
c) P = p → q, Q = ¬ p ¿ q
d) P = p ^ (¬ q ¿ r), Q = p ¿ (q ^ ¬ r)
e) P = p ^ (q ¿ r), Q = (p ¿ q) ^ (p ¿ r)
f) P = p → q, Q = ¬ q → ¬ p
g) P = p → q, Q = p ↔ q
h) P = (p → q) ^ (q → r), Q = p → r
i) P = (p → q) →r, Q = p → (q → r)
j) P = (s → (p ^ ¬ r)) ^ (( p → (r ¿ q)) ^s), Q=p ¿ s

W Predicates & Quantifiers


3
4 a) T1(x,y) is the propositional function “x is taller than y”. Write each proposition in words.
i. xy T1(x,y)
ii. xy T1(x,y)
iii. xy T1(x,y)
iv. xy T1(x,y)

b) Write the negation of each proposition in (a) in words and symbolically.

c) Tell whether each proposition in (a) is true or false if the domain of discourse is D x D
where D consists of three students: Gan, who is 5’ 11” tall; Erin, who is 5’ 6” tall; and
Man who is 6’ tall.
5 Let P(x) be the propositional function “x ≥ x²”. Tell whether each proposition is true or false.
The domain of discourse is R.
a) P(1)
b) P(2)
c) P(1/2)
d) x P(x)
e) Ǝx P(x)
f) ¬( x P(x))
g) ¬(Ǝx P(x))
h) x ¬P(x)
i) Ǝx¬P(x)

6 Let P(x,y) be the propositional function x  y. The domain of discourse is Z+ x Z+. Tell
whether each proposition is true or false. Then, give negation of each proposition.
a) xy P(x,y)
b) xy P(x,y)
c) xy P(x,y)
d) xy P(x,y)

W Proofs
4
7 Formulate the arguments of Exercises 1-5 symbolically and determine whether each is valid.
Let
p: I study hard.
q: I get A’s.
r: I get rich.

a) If I study hard, then I get A’s.


I study hard.
∴ I get A’s.

b) If I study hard, then I get A’s.


If I don’t get rich, then I don’t get A’s.
∴ I get rich.

c) I study hard if and only if I get rich.


I get rich.
∴ I study hard

d) If I study hard or I get rich, then I get A’s.


I get A’s.
∴ If I don’t study hard, then I get rich.

e) If I study hard, then I get A’s or I get rich.


I don’t get A’s and I don’t get rich.
∴ I don’t study hard.

8 Give a direct proof of the following statements.


a) For all integers m and n, if m is odd and n is even, then m + n is odd.
b) For all rational numbers x and y, x + y is rational.

9 Use proof by contrapositive to show that for all x  R, if x2 is irrational, then x is irrational.
10 Use induction to prove statement.
11ⁿ - 6 is divisible by 5, for all n ≥ 1.

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