Answer

Q1) A hotel store is interested in how much money, on average; their customers spend each
visit in the produce department. Using their store records, they draw a sample of 800 visits and
calculate each customer's average spending on produce. The study finds that the mean amount
spent on produce per visit by the customers in the sample is 12.84 ETB. Then, identify the
population, sample, parameter, statistic, variable, and data for this example.

Answer

• Population: all the shopping visits by all the store’s customers

• Sample: the 800 visits drawn for the study
• Parameter: the average expenditure on produce per visit by all the store’s customers
• Statistic: the average expenditure on produce per visit by the sample of 800
• Variable: the expenditure on produce for each visit
• Data: the birr amounts spent on produce; for instance, 15.40, 11.53, etc

Q2) Classify the following statements as belonging to the area of descriptive statistics or
inferential statistics.

a) Financial analyst says that sugar factory may soon hit down.

b) The monthly average expenditure per household for Jimma city last year was 500
ETB.

c) In Ethiopia, ministry of tourism analyzes the effect of social media advertisements on

the tourists’ preference on the different enlisted tourist destinations.

d) The political views of the youth in the urban areas and the inflation rate in the
Ethiopia were correlated.

e) In the year 2022, 18 million Ethiopian people will be enrolled in poorest

f) Expenditures in the textile industry were 566 million ETB in 2020.

g) Allergy therapy makes yellow fever go away.

h) Eating poison food can raise typhoid disease by 67%.

i) The national average annual medicine expenditure per person is $1052.

Answer
 a) Inferential statistics

b) Descriptive statistics

c) Inferential statistics

d) Inferential statistics

e) Inferential statistics

f) Descriptive statistics

g) Descriptive statistics

h) Inferential statistics

i) Descriptive statistics

Q3) Classify the scale of the following variables as nominal scale, ordinary scale, interval
scale, or ratio scale of measurement.

a) Pages in this assignment

b) Ranking of football players

c) Weight of Oda bus

d) Temperatures in Jimma town

e) Salaries of the top 15 CBO workers

f) Rating of eight local plays (poor, fair, good, excellent

g) Times required for this assignment

h) Age of students in your classroom

i) Marital status of patients in a Jimma hospital

Answer

a) Ratio scale

b) Ordinal scale

c) Ratio scale

d) Interval scale
 e) Ratio scale

f) Ordinal scale

g) Ratio scale

h) Ratio scale

i) Nominal scale

Q4) Classify and identify each of the following as continuous or discrete variable.
a) Number of outcomes in tossing a pair of coin
b) Ages of people working in a Jimma Municipality
c) Number of cups of tea served at a grocery
d) The amount of drug injected into a pregnancy women
e) The time it takes a student to complete this assignment
f) Student enrolment in the Bulti Adda school in the Oromia
g) Amount of money spent in annual for school aid of Reft Valley University
Answer

a) Discrete variable

b) Continuous variable

c) Discrete variable

d) Continuous variable

e) Continuous variable

f) Discrete variable

g) Discrete variable

Q5) Discuss in detail the stage statistical investigation.

Answer (Elsa)

The Stages of a Statistical Investigation

a) Make sure you understand the problem and then formulate it in statistical
terms. Clarify objectives of the investigation.
 b) Plan the investigation and collect the data in an appropriate way.
c) Assess the structure and quality of the data. Scrutinize for errors, outliers and
missing values. Modify, if necessary, by transforming variables.
d) Carry out an initial examination of the data to obtain summary descriptive
statistics and perhaps get ideas for a more formal analysis.
e) Select and carry out an appropriate formal statistical procedure.
f) Compare the findings with any previous results and acquire further data if
necessary
g) Interpret and communicate the results

Answer (Ruta)

The main steps utilized in a statistical investigation include four components: clarifying the
problem and formulating questions or hypotheses that can be answered with the data, designing
or creating an appropriate experiment that can collect the data required, finding and using the
appropriate techniques needed to accurately analyze the collected data, and interpreting the
collected data and results so as to answer the questions and hypotheses that were proposed in
the first place.

Q6) Discuss the difference between tabular presentation of data, diagrammatical and
graphical presentation of data. Give at least three examples for each.
Answer (Ruta)

Tabulation may be defined as the systematic presentation of numerical data in rows or/and
columns according to certain characteristics. It expresses the data in concise and attractive form
which can be easily understood and used to compare numerical figures. The advantages of a
tabular presentation over the textual presentation are: (i) it is concise; (ii) there is no repetition
of explanatory matter; (iii) comparisons can be made easily; (iv) the important features can be
highlighted; and (v) errors in the data can be detected.

A graphical or diagrammatical presentation of data is a visual representation of a relationship

between, but not restricted to, two variables. Commonly it consists of two axes called the x-
axis (horizontal) and y-axis (vertical). Quantitative data may also be presented graphically by
using bar charts, pie diagrams, pictographs, line diagrams, etc

Answer (Elsa)
A tabular data presentation is the clear organization of data into rows and columns to facilitate
communication. Tables can clearly convey large amounts of information that would be
cumbersome to write in paragraph form.

A graph or chart is a device for showing numerical values or relationships in pictorial form.
Qualities of a Good Graph include: Accuracy, Clarity, Simplicity and Appearance. Examples
of the graphical presentation of data includes: line graph. Bar graph, pie chart, etc.

Q7) Construct grouped frequency distribution for the following data using 7 classes.
10 28 6 31 12 31 22 27 16 20
15 13 22 38 23 26 28 37 39 27
Then, draw; histogram, frequency polygon, less than and more than ogive curve
Answer

Class interval Frequency Relative frequency

6-10 2 0.1
11-15 3 0.15
16-20 2 0.1
21-25 3 0.15
26-30 5 0.25
31-35 2 0.1
36-40 3 0.15
 Frequency
6

0
6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40

Chart Title
25

20 36, 20
Axis Title

15

Less than
10
Morethan
5

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Axis Title

Q8) Discuss and give at least one examples for the following terms
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Range
e) Relative Range
f) Variance
g) Standard Deviation
h) Coefficient of variation
Q9) Discuss probability, some probability terms, rules of counting and axiom of probability
QI0) Discuss Probability distribution, Binomial, Poisson and Normal distribution with at least
one example.