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PROJECT TITLE: DESIGN OF SECURE SMART WEATHER SYSTEM

Course Slot: B1
Course Instructor: Dr. B.D. DEEBAK/ SCOPE

Project Associates:
1. Yashwardhan Khemka [Reg. No. 18BCE0735]
2. Sahil Singh [Reg. No. 18BCI0167]
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INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OBJECTIVES

3. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION

4. METHODOLOGY

5. TOOLS DESCRIPTION

6. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

7. LITERATURE SURVEY TABLE

8. RESEARCH FINDING

9. LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING WORK

10. CONTRIBUTION

11. FURTHER RESEARCH

12. CONCLUSION

13. REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION

Internet of things (IoT) extends its features and options beyond the common way of device
interfacing. With the emergence of new advanced technologies such as cloud, security and Big Data.
The cloud has become the main technology used along with IoT as a means to access the sensors
and all the given control elements remotely. As an outcome the resultant system is able to read and
maintain sensing data of smart weather systems from a given server and the same information can
be sent over to a plethora of devices with the push of a button. We intend to create awareness,
understanding and a design approach to understand and implement a Smart Weather System
integrated with current cloud technologies in order to bring modernization to the age old practice of
weather monitoring and make a concise effort to bring changes as to how the information can be
used to benefit the society as a whole.

OBJECTIVES

a. Implement a design approach to create a Secure Smart Weather System in Practical Life
b. Learn various methodologies involved in creation of such a system
c. Comparative study and analysis of available technologies, their benefits and limitations
d. Define application domains and uses for the said system in real time.

We wish to design and do a theoretical analysis (Quantitaive) of the technological knowhow and
infrastructure as well as the cost considerations of implementing and designing a Secure smart
weather system for portable use at home or any other commercial spaces. As we move ahead, we
wish to do an analysis of the practical technologies available in conception of such a device
stating their benefits and limitations based on use and capital required.

BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION

a. Weather reporting systems consist of multiple devices which are playing a dynamic role in
producing dynamic environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air
pollution. It is a huge task to bring all the devices under one roof and make them interleaving
to produce relevant measurements.

b. Recent change in trends have shown that Internet of Things has been bringing all the devices
and peripheral in one place to make a more flexible and smart measurement system. In the
conventional weather monitoring system measurements done are not in real time, they are not
continuous and also a take a considerable amount of time and job to take continuous
measurements. But, the introduction of IoT has completely changed the measurement
scenario and improved the consistency of the measurement.
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c. We intend to create system software which shall upload the information on a secure
cloudwhich can be accessed by users to get Smart Weather information at their
fingertips

d. The motivation to take this project is the huge and impactful use of wireless weather
monitoring in rich areas ranging from agrarian based growth and development to industrial
development. The data from the sensors are collected by the raspberry-pi module and also
sends the sensors data to a remote server location. The systems mainly focused on
monitoring the up or down condition of the room temperature and humidity and sending data
to a remote server. It is the future technology of connecting the entire world in one place.

e. The traditional technologies like home automation, wireless sensor networks and control
systems work efficiently and smarter because of the involvement of Internet of Things. By
connecting this weather station to the internet, the IoT can be made much more extensive in
predicting and knowing the weather data in particular places.

METHODOLOGY

Creating a Secure Smart Weather System involves getting to know the Physical as well as
Technical aspects of how information is gathered in the domain.

1. Understanding Physical Concepts involved such as Monitoring System, Wind and

Precipitation Hardware
2. Technical Aspects such as Calculation based on the Metric System, Conversion of Data
into Human Understandable form , Various Visualization Techniques involved

The Proposed system is an advanced solution to already existing technology for weather
monitoring albeit a smaller and much more compact version which can be used commercially as
well. The system shall deal with monitoring weather and climate changes like-

a. Temperature
b. Humidity
c. Carbon Monoxide or other gas levels in air
d. Light Intensity
e. UV Radiation using Solar Sensor
f. Wind Speed using Anemometer/Fan
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TOOLS DESCRIPTION

1. Light Dependent Resistor - The resistance of this sensor decreases with increasing incident
light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photo conductivity practices.

2. CO Sensor -Carbon Monoxide (CO) sensor, suitable for sensing CO concentrations in the
air. The detector can sense Carbon Monoxide gas concentrations ranging from 20 to 2000ppm

3. DHT -11 Sensor - Ultra low cost Digital Temperature and humidity sensor.

• Temperature range: 0℃-50℃ / ±2℃

• Humidity Range: 20℃-80℃ / ±2℃
• Sampling: 1Hz (one reading every second)

4. ML8511 Solar Sensor - Detects amount of UV Light and helps in determining day
temperatureand weather.
• Supply Voltage: DC 5V
• Operating Temperature: -20~70°C
• Sensitivity Region ：UV-A and UV-B

5. Anemometer - Device used to determine air speed and is a common weather instrument.
• Supplyvoltage: DC 9-24V
• Power consumption Voltage MAX≤0.3W
• Start wind speed：0.4-0.8m/s
• resolution：0.1m/s
• Effective wind speed measurement range：0- 30m/s
• System error：±3%

6. Azure - Open source IoT hub and API to store and retrieve weather data collected from
things using HTTP protocols over the internet via LAN.

7. Microcontroller - a low cost, credit-card sized computer that pads into a computer monitor
or TV,and uses a standard keyboard and mouse.
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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

DIAGRAM 1: ARCHITECTURE OF IOT DEVICE

LITERATURE REVIEW TABLE

S.no Year Journal Name Highlights Content

Iot Based Environment
1 2017 ARPN Journal Quality of sensor and precision of
Monitoring System
ofEngineering measurement, location can
and Applied determine reliability of weather
Sciences data

2 2017 SSRO Smart Weather Weather Conditions are required to

International Monitoringsystem be monitoredto maintain healthy
Journal of ECE using IoT growth in crops
Zigbee based weather
3 2015 IRJET By using IoT objects it gives
monitoring system
opportunity to
connect physical world with
computer based system
4 2020 IJAST Weather Monitoring Defines the use case of Cloud
System Using IoT and computing as a means of sending IoT
Cloud computing information across platforms
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RESEARCH FINDINGS
PAPER - Smart weather monitoring and real time alert system using IoT
1. Understanding Physical Concepts involved such as Monitoring System, Radar information,
Telemetry, Wind and Precipitation Hardware
2. Technical Aspects such as Calculation based on the Metric System, Conversion of Datainto Human
Understandable form , Various Visualization Techniques involved
3. Understanding Security Metrics and Current Trends in Cyber security for encryption aswell as
decryption of information

LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING WORK

1. Heavy and take a lot of space, hence not portable or eco friendly

2. High Power requirements lead to higher cost

3. The use of thermometers to measure external temperature is outdated

4. Manual Data Logging from instrument to system

5. Expensive instruments and require technical skill for operation and management

6. Current System results in delay in warnings, ex- Floods that struck Kashmir in 2014

7. The use of cloud computing as a means to connect a network of things is still limited

Upon completion of analysis of our comparative study to already existing technology and the
research work done over the years, it has been found that use of modern equipment is becoming
much more prevalent than it was years ago. The advancement in microchip and microcontroller
industry has led to a boom in sensor production hence reducing the cost capital required to
acquire such equipment, therefore making the system much more affordable and accessible for
production purposes. With advancements in Computer Sciences and development of cyber
security over the years, a system can be proposed to form a portable product for the purpose of
weather monitoring and secure access to this information to its users.
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CONTRIBUTION

1. Based on the research as well as the in depth study conducted over time studying
various Peer Reviewed papers, It is to be understood that even if there is a system
architecture and design in place along with all the necessary equipments,

2. It will not be beneficial to a lot of people unless the information is available for all.
And for this purpose the hardware must work in accordance with the software leading
to smaller design packages, use to technological know-how to find work around for
ageing and old measurement equipments.

3. For the purpose of mass communication, the use of Cloud Services is very much
needed. Cloud has the potential for combining the hardware and software under the
same roof along with benefits such as mass communication, singular and streamlined
updates.

4. In the context of Secure Smart Weather System, The use of an IoT hub with various
endpoints, routes and varied queries can be used and implemented to assess,
implement and understand the information provided by the hardware and then this
information shall be used to be sent to a variety of other devices and users.

DIAGRAM 2: SATELLITE VIEW OF MUMBAI AND BUOY

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Here we can see that we can setup a network of Weather Monitoring system along the
coastline of Mumbai mounted on the Guiding Buoy’s in the sea. This network of weather
monitoring system is connected remotely to a Cloud System on land at precisely 3 locations,

A – Mumbai Airport B – Victoria Terminus Station C - Gateway of India

To monitor wind, humidity and other information we have a network with Hubs setup at these
3 locations to monitor entire meteorological information and send it to all the subscribers.

Example – A secure smart weather system has a Module named ‘Wind speed calculator’
which records the wind speed of a particular location where the hardware has been
setup. This information of wind speed is sent over to the IoT hub where a variety of
devices can be connected and the information about the wind speed can be relayed. In
this way we can design a system for early weather warning based on the wind speed in a
remote location hours before a calamity strikes. Another use case is the prediction of
weather by setting up a group of hardware in distant location, connecting them together,
relaying the wind speed information from all of them and predict what location the wind
may blow on land giving users a deep information about whether they should carry an
umbrella or not on a rainy day.

This is just one example of the use case of how Cloud can help IoT in bridging the gap
between Hardware and software and user experience.

Further we will be discussing the implementation of an IoT device such as a Secure Smart
Weather System in a IoT Hub, with custom endpoints with custom query routes!
For this we are addressing Microsoft Azure for the purpose
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IOT HUB ROUTES

IoT Hub routes service offers custom endpoints and routes which can allow users to route IoT
Hub messages to their own Event Hubs, Service bus queues and or endpoints.

Use Cases – It can be useful for users who want to segregate messages for security reasons.
Imagine if the user is using IoT Hub to build their SaaS product with a variety of tenants. The
user will push all the information into their personal Event Hub from the tenants so that he/she
can easily map Event Hub costs. Endpoints and routes is one great way to integrate all the
services under one roof such as logic apps or notification services or any other custom service.

DIAGRAM 3: IOT HUB AND ROUTES

A demonstration of how this process is done will be shown.

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CODE
'use strict';

var Protocol = require('azure-iot-device-amqp').Amqp;

// var Protocol = require('azure-iot-device-amqp').AmqpWs;
// var Protocol = require('azure-iot-device-http').Http;
// var Protocol = require('azure-iot-device-mqtt').Mqtt;
// var Protocol = require('azure-iot-device-mqtt').MqttWs;
var Client = require('azure-iot-device').Client;
var Message = require('azure-iot-device').Message;
var connectionString = 'HostName=TitansIoTHub.azure-
devices.net;DeviceId=routetest1;SharedAccessKey=BoZQ4Gprx5k6geDuggI71toh9SlL9Uctb5U6EHNWQN8=';

var client = Client.fromConnectionString(connectionString, Protocol);

var connectCallback = function (err) {

if (err) {
console.error('Could not connect: ' + err.message);
} else {
console.log('Client connected');
client.on('message', function (msg) {
console.log('Id: ' + msg.messageId + ' Body: ' + msg.data);
client.complete(msg, printResultFor('completed'));

});

var sendInterval = setInterval(function () {

var windSpeed = 10 + (Math.random() * 4);
var data = JSON.stringify({ deviceId: 'myFirstDevice', windSpeed: windSpeed });
var message = new Message(data);
message.properties.add("tenant", "abcd");
message.properties.add("location", "Mumbai");
console.log('Sending message: ' + message.getData());
client.sendEvent(message, printResultFor('send'));
}, 2000);

client.on('error', function (err) {

console.error(err.message);
});

client.on('disconnect', function () {
clearInterval(sendInterval);
client.removeAllListeners();
client.open(connectCallback);
});
}
};

client.open(connectCallback);

function printResultFor(op) {
return function printResult(err, res) {
if (err) console.log(op + ' error: ' + err.toString());
if (res) console.log(op + ' status: ' + res.constructor.name);
};
}
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The following code emulates and creates a connection between the Software and sends it to
the IoT hub, emulating a Wind speed calculator that sends information packets every 2
seconds for demonstration purposes.

OUTPUT

Finally, we can see that we are getting the graph with IoT Edge simulator. The graph
Represents Latency which indicates how long it takes for the packets to reach their destination
and throughput which indicates the number of packets that are processed within a specific
period of time.

Also we can see the speed (KB/sec) with which the packets are received.

With all this information, we can deduce important results according to our need.

This project has many important real life applications like sending notifications to millions of
people, sending and analyzing different sensor’s data to different receivers.
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FUTHER RESEARCH

Service Bus Explorer

The Service Bus Explorer enables users to efficiently administer messaging entities by
connecting to a Service Bus namespace. Advanced features like import/export functionality or
the ability to test topic, queues, subscriptions, relay services, notification hubs and events hubs
are provided in this tool.

Azure Service Bus

It is a reliable information delivery service that makes communication easier. A
communication facilitator is needed when 2 or more parties need to exchange information.
Service Bus is a third-party communication mechanism (Similar to postal services). Postal
services can send different kinds of letters and packages anywhere in the world very easily,
with different delivery guarantees. Just like the postal service delivering letters, Service Bus is
flexible information delivery for both the recipient and the sender. The messaging service
ensures that the delivery of information even if the two parties are never both online at the
same time, or if they aren't available at the exact same time. In these methods, messaging is
similar to sending a letter, while non-brokered communication is similar to placing a phone
call.
The sender can also specify as compulsory many delivery characteristics including
transactions, duplicate detection, time-based expiration, and batching like techniques. These
patterns have postal significance as well such as: repeat delivery, required signature, address
change, or recall.

Service Bus supports two ways for messaging patterns which are completely distinct: Azure
Relay and Service Bus Messaging.

Integration of Cloud Computing with Internet of Things:

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Benefits of Integrating Cloud

with IoT

1. Communication
2. Storage
3. Processing
Capabilities
4. Scope
5. New Abilities
6. New Models
a. SaaS(Sensing)
b. EaaS(Ethernet)
c. SAaaS(Sensing
and Actuation)
d. IPMaaS(Identity
and Policy
Management)
e. DBaaS(Database)
f. SEaaS(Sensor
Event)
g. SenaaS(Sensor)
h. DaaS(Data)

Challenges in Cloud Based

IoT Integration

1. Security and Privacy

2. Heterogeneity
3. Big Data
4. Performance
5. Legal Aspects
6. Monitoring
7. Large Scale
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CONCLUSION

With emerging technology and current trends in the IoT sector, We are emerging towards a
future where most technologies are going to be converted to or make use of Internet Of Things
and with the given use case we have in essence implemented, discussed the pros and cons as
well as define how a Weather Monitoring System can be transformed into a portable system
which can be eco friendly as well as sustainable for years to come along with the added
benefit of providing information to the masses with the integration of Cloud technology.

This paper shall stand as a proof of theory and give critical insight into the deployment of IoT
technology along with Cloud Integration stating a Secure, Smart, Intelligent and unanimous
Secure Smart Weather Monitoring System and a means to identify the pitfalls and the open
issues surfacing in the current cloud development and integration with Internet of Things.

REFERENCES

 https://blog.jongallant.com/2016/12/azure-iot-hub-routes/

 https://github.com/paolosalvatori/ServiceBusExplorer
 https://github.com/Azure/azure-iot-sdks/releases

 [1] Nisha Gahlot, Varsha Gundkal, Sonali Kothimbire, Archana Thite, “ Zigbee based weather
monitoring system.” The International Journal Of Engineering And Science(IJES) Volume 4,
Issue 4, Pages PP.61-66, 2015.
 [2] Internet of Things (IOT) Based Weather Monitoring system . AUTHOR : Bulipe Srinivas
Rao, Prof. Dr. K. Srinivasa Rao, Mr. N. Ome
 [3] IOT BASED ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SYSTEM. AUTHOR : Snehal R. Shinde ,
A. H. Karode, Dr S. R. Suralkar
 [4] Mobile APP & IoT Based Station Weather Station. AUTHOR : K. N. V.
SATYANARAYANA , S. R. N. REDDY , K. N.V. SURESH VARMA & P. KANAKA RAJU
 [5] Weather Monitoring System Using IoT and Cloud computing. AUTHOR: Mohit Tiwari,
Deepak Narang, Priya Goel, Anupama Gadhwal, Abhinav Gupta, Ankush Chawla, IJAST, vol
29, no.12, 2020