Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 5: Analysis of Beams For Bending
Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 5: Analysis of Beams For Bending
Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 5: Analysis of Beams For Bending
MATERIALS
CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF BEAMS FOR
BENDING
LEARNING OUTCOME
• Calculate the reactions at support for simply supported,
cantilever or overhanging beams.
• Analyse the beam to evaluate the shear force and bending
moment due to various loadings condition using moment
equations and graphical technique due to point load, UDL,
linearly distributed load, external moment or combined loads.
• Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram.
• Locate the maximum shear force and bending moment and
their location.
INTRODUCTION
• Beams: Members with support loadings applied
perpendicular to their longitudinal axis
• Beams are subjected to a variety of loading pattern:
➢ Normal concentrated load
➢ Inclined concentrated load
➢ Uniformly distributed loads
➢ Linearly distributed loads
➢ Moment
Normal Concentrated Load
P
Inclined Concentrated Load
P cosØ
Ø
Uniformly Distributed Loads
W (kN/m)
Linearly Distributed Loads
W (kN/m)
W (kN/m)
Concentrated Moment
When a moment act on beam at a point in a manner
that tends to cause it to undergo pure rotation
M (kNm) P
d
M=Pd
P
REVISION
RAx
Welding
MA
RAx
Overhanging Beam
One end overhanging, as in cantilever but exceed the
support. Can also have both ends overhanging
Statically Indeterminate Beam
Fixed Beam
Continuous Beam
Both ends are fixed rigidly or
Has more than two supports
built in into the wall
BEAMS TAXONOMY
Roof Beam
Ground Beam
WRONG ANALYSIS
SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS
• Shear and moment functions can be plotted in
graphs called shear and moment diagrams.
• Positive directions indicate the distributed load
acting downward on the beam and clockwise
rotation of the beam segment on which it acts.
Shear force:
• It is internal forces developed in the material of a
beam to balance externally applied forces in order to
secure equilibrium of all parts of the beam
+V
+V
*Sign convention for shear force (V) – positive internal V
• Acts downward on right hand face of a beam
• Acts upward on the left hand face of a beam
Bending moment:
• Bending moments are internal moments developed
in the material of a beam to balance the tendency for
external forces to cause rotation of any part of the
beam
+M +M
9 kN 9 kN 9 kN 9 kN
5 m x1 10 m,
+ Fy = 0; 5.75 − 15 − 5( x2 − 5) − V = 0 V = (15.75 − 5 x2 ) kN (3)
x −5
+ M = 0; − 80 − 5.75 x1 + +15 + 5( x2 − 5) 2 +M = 0
2
M = (− 2.5 x22 + 15.75 x2 + 92.5) kNm (4)
Solution:
6 kN/m
2 kN/m
18 m
GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING SHEAR
AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS
Slope of
moment dM Shear at
=V
diagram at dx each point
each point
• We can integrate these areas between any two
points to get change in shear and moment.
Change in
moment M = V (x )dx
Area under
shear diagram
Common loading cases
Exercise 6.4
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam
and the given loading
9 kN 9 kN 9 kN 9 kN
x
Solution:
STEP 1:
Replace the 45 kN load with an equivalent force-couple
system at D. Thus, find the reactions at B by considering
the beam as a rigid body.
Try This
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam by
using graphical method
30 kN/m
45 kNm