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Implementation of an energy monitoring system based on Arduino

Conference Paper · December 2019

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 Implementation of an energy monitoring system
based on Arduino
1st Houssem Eddine Degha1 , 2nd Fatima Zohra Laallam1 ,3rd AYACHI OMAR Chaima 1 , 4th SEGGAR Maroua1
1
Lab.Laboratoire de l’Intelligence Artificielle et des Technologies de l’Information
Faculté des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication
Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla
Ouargla,30000, Algérie
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract—A precise and timely knowledge of energy con- easy supply and continuous measurement [2]. We will show
sumption is an essential requirement for enforcing any energy in these report strategies for measuring energy. Systems for
saving strategy. Measuring energy consumption in the building is energy monitoring can be classified according to different
the basic functionality of energy building management systems.
The monitoring of energy consumption in buildings indirectly criteria, for example, the type of sensors they use, or the
provides information about the user habits, kind of activities spatial granularity used for collecting data. With respect to
carried on by the inhabitants, prediction the future energy sensors, it is possible to distinguish between direct, indirect,
consumption in building and many other proposes. This issue can and hybrid monitoring systems. Direct monitoring systems use
be addressed during the design phase of a monitoring system. electricity sensors for directly measuring energy consumption,
This work intended to developing of energy measuring system
that ensures the awareness and economy of energy consumption while indirect systems infer energy consumption by measuring
through an accurate display of energy consumption data for these other quantities such as temperature and/or noise. Finally,
devices used in the home. hybrid systems rely on both approaches. Direct monitoring
Index Terms—Smart Home; Energy Efficiency; Building En- systems can be further classified into fine-grained, medium-
ergy Management System; Arduino; Energy Measuring Con- grained, and coarse-grained systems, depending on the level of
sumption.
spatial granularity they use in collecting data about electrical
energy consumption. The rest of this paper is structured as
I. I NTRODUCTION
follows: the following section reviews existing approaches for
Measuring energy consumption is important because it energy measurement based on Arduino (section 2). Section
relates to the cost to run a system because technological 3 presents how to configure the Arduino to use in the smart
advancements new products and services which however result home in section 4 that illustrates the system scenario and some
in intensive resource (eg energy) consumption. Therefore, what images of the system interface and show how to use it in
is the definition of energy? Energy is defined, as the ability section 5 the planned future work for this project.
to do work utilitarian perspective of energy however, it is a
useful definition for engineering where the aim of machines II. R ELATED W ORKS
is to convert energy to work? As a more general description, As smart metering is one of the key points for the future
we would say that energy is a fundamental entity whose smart grid and the way to improve energy awareness of
availability and flow are required for all phenomena natural homes, several commercial products monitoring the homes
or artificial [1]. The excessive consumption of energy lead energy consumption exist. For examples TED Pro Home [8]
to substantial damage to the environment high temperature and NEUR [9] These commercial products are usually very
and emissions of CO2 and expansion of the Ozone Layer limited in their applicability and lack of adaptability and Pro-
and as a result, an increasing number of governments are grammability. Do not recommend these commercial products
encouraging policies for sustainable development and clever because they do not inherently reduce energy usage, but only
use of global energy resources. Their ultimate object is a help indirectly. There exist a few, non-commercial open-source
significant reduction of the overall polluting emissions and metering solutions such as the open-energy-monitor [10]. This
the adoption of suitable strategies for reducing. Here come monitoring solution offers an open-source metering solution,
the role and importance of measuring energy consumption the where the monitoring shield is operated either with an Arduino
understanding of how energy is generated and measured is board or individually and this last one -Arduino board- that
central to our decisions concerning the use and conservation is our theme in measurement energy consumption. Systems
of energy. Large-scale production of energy evolved over for energy monitoring can be classified according to different
centuries but grew radically in the last 400 years and especially criteria, for example, the type of sensors they use, or the
since the Industrial Revolution. A century of development and spatial granularity used for collecting data. With respect to
commercialization of electric power technology has ensured an sensors, it is possible to distinguish between direct, indirect,
 Fig. 2. Equation of energy consumption calculation

Fig. 1. Arduino UNO

and hybrid monitoring systems. Direct monitoring systems use

electricity sensors for directly measuring energy consumption,
while indirect systems infer energy consumption by measuring
other quantities such as temperature and/or noise. Finally,
hybrid systems rely on both approaches. One of the states
of artwork in monitoring home energy usage is Non-Intrusive
Load Monitoring(NILM).The NALM approach proposed a
system for measuring current and voltage at the root of the
energy distribution network [1] This approach requires detailed
knowledge of each branch of the energy distribution network,
and this may seem very complex. In [2] the feedback of
devices and Effect of external factors like noise and ambi-
Fig. 3. the smart home dataset of applicants energy consumption tracking
ent temperature. That leads to difficulty in determining the
machine running. With developing the smart sensor, it has
become available, easy to use, and determining data accurately. B. Energy measurement
IN [5] described our energy monitoring system, CSK Energy,
which provides tailored feedback for different environments. In order to monitor energy, we used Arduino to measure
In [6] Provides advanced energy consumption measurement energy and collect accurate data with sensor accessories that
system which is characterized by low energy consumption an sense the state of the device. These elements do not require
unobtrusive, reliable and we will put him in a house plan using any complexity in its installation and consumption of power.
a smart sensor with some modifications The readings of the sensor are taken every 5 seconds for a
good and accurate reading. It is also possible to know the
amount of energy consumed by the device only by knowing
III. CONFIGURE THE A RDUINO TO USE IN THE SMART the calculation of the time when the device is in the case
HOME
of energy consumption (on/off) as show in the table below
(Table1) and the device can know the amount of energy that
A. Arduino Uno
it consumes. For example, if the device is a lamp capable of
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the 25 WH has been operated for one hour, this device will have
ATmega328 (Figure1). It has a reset button and 14 digital consumed 25KJ and thus can be generalization this way on
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), all existing devices
6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz, a USB connection, a power jack, The previous Figure2 shows the structure of the measure-
an ICSP header. It contains everything needed to support the ment of energy consumption and shows how to link the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB Arduino with sockets for to measure the energy consumption.
cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to Will use Arduino board with the parts called INA219 this part
get started. The Arduino Uno is the microcontroller used in is used to measure the voltage and current for each device
the Smart Home Energy Management System. Moreover, it This will be programmed with Arduino Assuming we have 4
supplies the different sensors through a 5V and a ground pin. sockets in one room. We use two functions, first to get value
The analog pins of the Arduino are connected to the different voltage ina219.getShuntVoltage_mV(); Then, we can calculate
sensors and the relay to allow the monitor and control of the the actual voltage loadvoltage =ina219.getBusVoltage_V() +
appliances. This microcontroller also serves as a support for (shuntvoltage / 1000); and the second function is get value
the radio communication. current current_mA = ina219.getCurrent_mA(); Finally the
 Fig. 6. the code calculated current and voltage by sensor INA219

Fig. 4. the Arduino smart home prototype of your system

Fig. 7. ZigBee Shield

Fig. 5. An electric circuit that is installed in a room with four sockets

Arduino board to communicate wirelessly using Zigbee. This
Shield will be used to interface the XBee radio Series 2 with
power consumption power = current_mA * loadvoltage; our Arduino boards. The purpose of this test is to remotely
send the data collected with the sensors from one station to
C. Collecting data another using the XBee communication protocol and a star
Arduino input limited to include all components and elec- topology. Two end node stations will be sending data to the
trical devices may require us to use more than one Arduino same base station I order to determine the presence of any
and therefore there is a need for a cooperative environment possible interference between the two end node stations.
that supports the transfer of information and data properly. To get most interference situations a ZigBee coordinator was
The Arduino board supports wireless connectivity through the installed in the position where the circle red who receive the
ZigBee The XBee ship is a radio that has embedded solutions data and display it. And the other circles blue are the ZigBee
providing wireless end-point connectivity to devices. This ship routers was installed away from the ZigBee coordinator so
is the component that allows the communication between the that the most remote about the ZigBee coordinator is greater
smart plug and the gateway. All information sent to and re- than (10 m) and also because the walls the ZigBee routers
ceived from the device should be processed by the XBee ship. exchange between them so that the data reaches to the ZigBee
The XBee radio series 2 manufactured by Digit International coordinator As shown in the figure below:
and illustrated by. An XBee shield is placed on top of the
Arduino to connect the various Arduino pins to a new set of D. Data Processing
pins compatible with the XBee ship pins. The XBee shield is a Sensors produce large data for analysis and imaging. A data-
platform that allow the connection of the microcontroller to the processing component Collecting sensor readings to provide
XBee radio. The XBee shield represented in figure 4, allows an values that are analyzed, summarized and presented in a
 Fig. 8. Home configuration with the position of the ZigBee and sensors

Fig. 10. Architecture System Measurment

statistics and also enables the user to control the devices

remotely
2) Agent engine: Each agent engine monitors devices con-
trols them and analyzes data and Interact with the user
3) Agent monitoring: It creates an intelligent network that
collects the energy consumed and sends it to agent engine.
4) End device: It is a sensor measures the second con-
Fig. 9. diagram activity of system sumption of energy
B. Arduino IDE
graphical interface to illustrate to the consumer how much The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to
energy consumption and energy economy. In the future, we write code and upload it to the board. It runs on Windows,
plan to exploit the accuracy of this data to determine individual Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java
devices and based on Processing and other open-source software. This
software can be used with any Arduino board.
IV. I MPLEMENTATION
C. Fritsing
In this section, we will explain the system scenario, which Fritzing is an Electronic Design Automation software for
analyzes the data collected by the Arduino and then converts designers, artists and just anyone who has interest in physi-
the data into curves and relative measurements to show the cal computing and prototyping. Fritzing’s goal is to provide
user the amount of energy consumed and the awareness easy tools for documenting and sharing physical computing
to the correct consumption to save energy After Arduino projects, producing layouts for Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)
calculates the measurements, collects them and sets the state and teaching electronics.
of the devices, it sends them to our system that identifies and
processes the data. If these devices consume power too much, D. Eclipse IDE
the device will automatically react, repair damage, and send an In the context of computing, Eclipse is an integrated devel-
alert to the user. If the device is in good condition, the extent opment environment (IDE) for developing applications using
of consumption with the possibility that the user controls the the Java programming language and other programming lan-
devices available through the system interface guages such as C/C++, Python, PERL, Ruby etc. The Eclipse
platform, which provides the foundation for the Eclipse IDE,
A. Architecture System Measurment
is composed of plug-ins and is designed to be extensible
1) Interface: in the interface shows the amount of energy using additional plug-ins. Developed-using Java; the Eclipse
consumed by each device separately and with giving graphic platform can be used to develop rich client applications,
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Fig. 11. the interface of the main window of our smart home energy
monitoring system

Fig. 12. the interface of the applicant stats in living room

integrated development environments and other tools. Eclipse

can be used as an IDE for any programming language for
which a plug-in is available.

V. R ESULTS P RESENTATION
In this phase, we will present some screenshots about the
interface system.figure 11 presented the main interface of our
energy measuring system, which includes general statistics
of smart home energy consumption. the figure 12 present
applicants stats in the living room. this interface could control
devices switch them on and off and consult energy consump-
tion for each one.

VI. C ONCLUSION
This work is a start for a big project to develop energy
building management system. In this paper, We used Zigbee
protocol, but in the future, we will work with a new platform
that supports a large number of protocols. We will benefit from
artificial intelligence approaches to treat the energy measuring
data to produce a helpful information and decisions for saving
energy in a building.

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