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DC-DC Converters - Buck Converter - 1

Here are the steps to solve this example buck converter problem: (a) Output voltage: Vo = VsD = 50V × 0.4 = 20V (b) Maximum and minimum inductor current: Imax = Vo(1/R + 1/(2Lf)) = 20V(1/20Ω + 1/(2×400uH×20kHz)) = 1A Imin = Vo(1/R - 1/(2Lf)) = 20V(1/20Ω - 1/(2×400uH×20kHz)) = 0.5A (c) Output voltage ripple: ∆Vo = Vo(1

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515 views17 pages

DC-DC Converters - Buck Converter - 1

Here are the steps to solve this example buck converter problem: (a) Output voltage: Vo = VsD = 50V × 0.4 = 20V (b) Maximum and minimum inductor current: Imax = Vo(1/R + 1/(2Lf)) = 20V(1/20Ω + 1/(2×400uH×20kHz)) = 1A Imin = Vo(1/R - 1/(2Lf)) = 20V(1/20Ω - 1/(2×400uH×20kHz)) = 0.5A (c) Output voltage ripple: ∆Vo = Vo(1

Uploaded by

Ashraf Yusof
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POWER ELECTRONICS

DC-DC CONVERTERS
BUCK CONVERTER

ILI SALWANI MOHAMAD


EMT 369
Profile
 Shahrir Rizal bin Kasjoo
[email protected]
 0193345851
 Lecturer, Blok 11, level 2.
DC-DC CONVERTER
(CHOPPERS)

 DEFINITION:
Converting the unregulated DC input
to a controlled DC output with a
desired voltage level.
 General block diagram:

 APPLICATIONS:
Switched-mode power supply (SMPS),
DC motor control, battery chargers
Linear Regulator

 Transistor is
operated in linear
(active) mode.
 Output voltage:

VO = ILRL

 The transistor can be


conveniently
modeled by an
equivalent variable
resistor, as shown.
 Power loss is high at
high current due to:
Switching Regulator

 Power loss is zero


(for ideal switch):
 when switch is
open, no current
flow in it,
 when switch is
closed no voltage
drop across it.
 Since power is a
product of voltage
and current, no
losses occurs in the
switch.
 Power is 100%
transferred from
source to load.
 Switching regulator
is the basis of all
DC-DC converters
example
Buck Converter

Circuit

Switch closed,
diode OFF

Switch open,
diode ON
Buck Converter
▪ Waveforms

closed open
Inductor
voltage

Inductor
current

Capacitor
current
Buck Converter

 Switch closed, diode off

di L
v L = Vs − Vo = L
dt
di L i L i L Vs − Vo
= = =
dt t DT L
 Vs − Vo 
( i L )closed =  DT
 L 
Buck Converter

 Switch open, diode on

di L
v L = − Vo = L
dt
i L i L Vo
= =−
t (1 − D ) T L

 Vo 
( i L )open = −  (1 − D ) T
 L 
Buck Converter

 Steady-state Operation
 Steady-state operation requires that iL
at the end of switching cycle is the same
at the beginning of next cycle.
 The change of iL over one period is
zero, i.e:

( i L )closed + ( i L )open = 0

 Vs − Vo   Vo 
 L  DT −  L  (1 − D ) T = 0
   

Vo = Vs D
Buck Converter

 Average, Max & Min Inductor Current

i L Vo 1  Vo   1 (1 − D ) 
I max = IL + = +  (1 − D ) T  = Vo  + 
2 R 2 L   R 2Lf 

i L Vo 1  Vo   1 (1 − D ) 
I min = IL − = −  (1 − D ) T  = Vo  − 
2 R 2 L  R 2Lf 

Vo (1 − D )
L=
i L f
Buck Converter

iC = i L − i R
Buck Converter

 Output Voltage Ripple

1  T   i L  Ti L
Q =    =
2  2  2  8

Q = CVo

Q = CVo

Q
Vo =
C

Vo (1 − D )
Vo =
8LCf 2
Buck Converter

• Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)

Vo,ESR = iC rC = i L rC

Total Output Voltage Ripple:

∆𝑉𝑜 = ∆𝑉𝑜,𝐶 + ∆𝑉𝑜,𝐸𝑆𝑅

𝑉𝑜 1 − 𝐷
8𝐿𝐶𝑓 2
Example
 A buck converter is supplied from a 50V
battery source. Given L=400uH,
C=100uF, R=20 Ohm, f=20KHz and
D=0.4. Calculate:

 (a) output voltage

 (b) maximum and minimum inductor


current

 (c) output voltage ripple.


Solution

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