Element Simply Supported Rectangular Beam (Doubly Reinforced)
By MOHD SAMSUDIN ABDUL HAMID
Clause Design Justification
2
Brickwall = 2.5 kN/m @ 3.0 m
Finishes = 0.25 kN/m
Services = 0.15 kN/m
Varible action = 3.0 kN/m
350 mm
150 mm
5250 mm
Given; Nominal cover = 45 mm
Concrete Grade = C25
Steel Grade = S500
Diameter bar = 12 mm
Diameter link = 8 mm
Exposure condition = XS1
1) Design action
Permanent action;
Self-weight of beam = 25 x 0.15 x 0.35 = 1.313 kN/m
Brickwall = 2.5 x 3.0 = 7.500 kN/m
Finishes = 0.250 kN/m
Services = 0.150 kN/m
Total Permanent Action, Gk = 9.213 kN/m
EN1991
Variable Action, Qk = 3.00 kN/m
Design action, N = 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk
= 1.35(9.213) + 1.5(3.00)
= 16.94 kN/m
Shear Force Diagram and Bending Moment Diagram
16.94 kN/m
5250 mm
44.47
0 kNm
0 kN
58.36
44.47
Vmax = WL/2 Mmax = WL2/8
= (16.94)(5.25)/2 = (16.94)(5.25)2/8
= 44.47 kN = 58.36 kNm
2) Design main reinforcement
Effective depth, d = h – Cnom – Ølink – Øbar/2
= 350 – 45 – 8 – (12/2)
= 291 mm
K = __M__ = __58.36 x 106___ = 0.183 > 0.167(Kbal)
fckbd2 (25) (150) (291)2 :- compression reinforcement is required
(doubly reinforced)
Z = d [0.5 + (0.25 – K/1.134)1/2] = d [0.5 + (0.25 – 0.183/1.134)1/2]
= 0.80d < 0.95d
:- use Z = 0.80d
Check d’/x = Cnom + Ølink + Øbar/2 = ___45 + 8 + (12/2)__ = 0.41 > 0.38
(d – 0.82d)/0.4 (291 – 0.82(291))/0.4
Therefore,
(𝐾− 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 )𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2 (0.183− 0.167)(25)(150)(291)2
𝐴𝑠 ′ = =
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘 (𝑑−𝑑 ′ ) 0.87(500)(291−59)
= 50.35 mm2
:- provide 2H12 (226 mm2)
𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2 𝑓𝑠𝑐 𝑑′
𝐴𝑠 = + 𝐴𝑠 ′ × 𝑓𝑠𝑐 = 700(1 −
𝑥
)
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧𝑏𝑎𝑙 0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘
𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.95𝑑
𝑑′
(𝑜.167)(25)(150)(291)2 700(1− )
𝑥
= + 50.35 × 0.87 (500)
0.87 (500)(0.95)(291)
= 440.989 + 47.804
= 488.79 mm2 :- provide 2H20 (628 mm2)
Asmin = 0.26fctmbd/fyk > 0.0013bd
Cl 9.2.1.1 = 59.01 mm2 < 68.25 mm2
= 78 mm2
Asmax = 0.04Ac = 0.04(b)(h)
= 0.04 (150) (350)
= 2100 mm2
:- Asmin (78 mm2) < Asprov (628 mm2) < Asmax (2100 mm2) - Ok!
3) Design shear reinforcement
VEd = Vmax = 44.47 kN
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.12𝑘(100𝜌𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
1
200 𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 3 K < 2.0 mm
= 0.12(1 + √( )) (100( )(25)) 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑑 𝑏𝑤𝑑
1 ρ1 < 0.02
3
200 628
= 0.12(1 + √( )) (100 ( ) (25)) (150)(291)
291 (150(291)
= 0.12(1.83)(3.30)(150)(291)
= 31.63 kN
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2 ] 𝑏𝑤 𝑑}
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [0.035(1.83)2 (25)2 ] (150)(291)}
= 19.91 kN
VEd > 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐
:- shear reinforcement is required,
𝑓𝑐𝑘
0.36 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (1 − )𝑓
250 𝑐𝑘
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.0 ≤ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 ≤ 2.5 (22° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 45°)
(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃)
25
0.36 (150)(291) (1 − ) 25
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 250
(𝑐𝑜𝑡 22 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 22)
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 122.80 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑒𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∶ −𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘
𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑉𝐸𝑑
=
𝑠 0.78𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑑 cot 𝜃
𝐴𝑠𝑤 44.47 𝑥 103
=
𝑠 0.78(500)(291) cot 22
𝐴𝑠𝑤
= 0.158
𝑠
:- provide H8 – 300 c/c (0.335)
4) Deflection check
ρ = Asreq/bwd = 488.79 / (150 x 291) = 0.011
ρ₀ = √fck x10-3 = √25 x10-3 = 0.005
K = refer
:- ρ₀ < ρ - Equation 7.16(b) Table 7.4N
𝜌 ′ = 𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞′ /𝑏𝑤𝑑
𝑙 𝜌0 1 𝜌′
( ) = 𝐾 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∙ ′
+ √𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∙ √ ]
𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝜌−𝜌 12 𝜌
𝑙 0.005 1 0.001
( ) = 1.0 [11 + 1.5√25 ∙ + √25 ∙ √ ]
𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 0.005 − 0.001 12 0.005
= 20.56
𝑙 𝑙
( ) = ( ) 𝑥 𝑀𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓 𝑥 𝑀𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐
𝑙 628
( ) = 20.56 𝑥 ( ) 𝑥 1.0
𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙 488.79
= 26.42
𝑙 𝐿
( ) =( )
𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑
𝑙 5250
( ) =( )
𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 291
= 18.04
𝑙 𝑙
:- ( ) < ( ) - Deflection check pass!
𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙
EN1992:
Section 7.3
5) Cracking Check
fs = __fyk (Gk + 0.3Qk)__
1.15(1.35Gk + 1.5Qk)
= 500 (9.213 + 0.3(3))__
1.15(1.35(9.213) + 1.5(3))
= 260 N/mm2
Table 7.1N Wk = 0.3mm
/NA4
By interpolation:
Table 7.3N Sall = 175 mm
Sact = (b – 2Cnom - 2ølink - 2øbar)/1
= 150 – 2(45) – 2(8) – 2(20)
= 4 mm
Smin(25 mm) > Sact(4 mm) < Sall(175 mm)
:- Deflection check fail!
Solution:
i) Reduce the diameter of bar or number of bar.
ii) Increase the dimension of beam width in order to increase the spacing of
bar.
6) Detailing
2H12
2H12
H8 – 300 c/c
H8 – 300c/c
2H20
2H20
Longitudinal Section Cross-Section
