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Assignment #1 TNE Updated

This document contains 8 questions related to digital communication concepts such as source coding, data compression, signal constellations, and digital modulation. Question 1 involves applying Huffman coding to memoryless sources. Question 2 uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm to encode a binary sequence. Question 3 computes entropy and efficiency for an English text memoryless source model. The remaining questions involve signal constellations, modulation schemes such as PAM, PSK, FSK, and their properties such as minimum distance, average power, and bit rates.

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71 views4 pages

Assignment #1 TNE Updated

This document contains 8 questions related to digital communication concepts such as source coding, data compression, signal constellations, and digital modulation. Question 1 involves applying Huffman coding to memoryless sources. Question 2 uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm to encode a binary sequence. Question 3 computes entropy and efficiency for an English text memoryless source model. The remaining questions involve signal constellations, modulation schemes such as PAM, PSK, FSK, and their properties such as minimum distance, average power, and bit rates.

Uploaded by

Mountain Kingdom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment #1

Due Date: 21 – July - 2016


1. Consider a discrete memoryless source with alphabet {s0, s1, s2} and statistics {0.7,

0.15, 0.15} for its output.

a. Apply the Huffman algorithm to this source and compute the average code-word

length of the code.

b. Let the source be extended by encoding two sources alphabet at a time. Apply the

Huffman algorithm to the resulting extended source and compute the average

code-word length of the new code.

c. Compare the efficiency of the code in part (b) with the efficiency of the original

source.

2. Consider the following binary sequence

11101001100010110100…

Use the Lempel-Ziv algorithm to encode this sequence.

3. The probability of any letter occurring in English text is estimated as the frequency of

occurrence of that letter in a collection of sample text. A table of the frequency of

occurrence of the letters of a memoryless model of English language based on

inspection of many samples of the English text is shown in the Table below. (Hint:

Use Matlab to solve this question)

a. Computer the entropy of this memoryless source.

b. Compute the efficiency if ASCII code is used to encode the letters.

c. What do you observe from the above results?


Source symbol ai Probability pi Source symbol ai Probability pi
Space 0.186 N 0.057
A 0.064 O 0.063
B 0.013 P 0.015
C 0.022 Q 0.001
D 0.032 R 0.048
E 0.103 S 0.051
F 0.021 T 0.080
G 0.015 U 0.023
H 0.047 V 0.008
I 0.058 W 0.017
J 0.001 X 0.001
K 0.005 Y 0.016
L 0.032 Z 0.001
M 0.020

4. Consider the four signal waveforms as shown in Figure below.

a. Determine a set of basis functions for these waveforms.

b. Use the basis functions to represent the four waveforms by vectors.

c. Determine the minimum distance between all the vector pairs.

5. Consider the sequence 01001011100111110100 to be transmitted from a transmitter

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a. Assuming a 4-ary pulse-amplitude modulation system, draw the waveform

generated by it when transmitting. State all your assumptions clearly and use

Matlab the plots.

b. Repeat (a) for the case that 4-Phase Shift Keying is used.

6. Consider the octal signal point constellation shown in Figure below.

a. The nearest neighbor signal points in the 8-QAM signal constellation are separated

by a distance of A. Determine the radii a and b of the inner and outer circles.

b. The adjacent signal points in the 8-PSK are separated by a distance of A. Determine

the radius r of the circle.

c. Determine the average transmitter powers for the two signal constellations and

compare the two powers. What is the relative power advantage of one

constellation over the other? (Assume that all signal points are equally probable.)

d. Is it possible to assign three data bits to each point of the signal constellation such

that nearest neighbor (adjacent) points differ in only one-bit position?

e. Determine the symbol rate if the desired bit rate is 90 Mbps.

7. Consider a 4-PSK constellation with dmin = √2. What is the additional energy required

to send one extra bit (8-PSK) while keeping the same minimum distance (and thus

with the same bit error probability)?

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8. Consider the waveform shown in Figure below. Using Matlab and any sinusoidal

function as a modulating signal

a. Plot the ASK modulated waveform

b. Plot the PSK modulated waveform

c. Plot the FSK modulated waveform of the original signal

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