Presentation On Guillain Barre Syndrome: Submitted To: Submitted by

PRESENTATION ON
GUILLAIN BARRE
SYNDROME
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

MRS.BHAGYAMMA MADEM G. MOUNIKA
ST
ASST.PROFESSOR MSC NURSING 1 YEAR

GOVT COLLEGE OF NURSING GOVT COLLEGE OF NURSING
GUIllAIN-BARRE SYNDROME
INTRODUCTION:
Guillain _barre syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute,flaccid neuro muscular paralysis in the
United states.guillain barre syndrome was first discovered more thean century ago.advance in the past
century include investigating the immune _mediated pathophysiology of the diseases recognized the
spectrum of presantations, advancing diagnostic modalites , prognostic modeles and performing randomized
trials of treatments to improve outcomes. given the morbidty that can occur with out treatment on physicians
should have a knowledge of this rare diseases.
DEFINITION:
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) Or Landry's paralysis

It is a disorder in which the body's immune system
attack part of the peripheral nervous system. It is an
acute, progressive, autoimmune, inflammatory
demyelination of polyneuropathy Of the peripheral
sensory and motor nerves and nerve roots.
INCIDENCE:
• 1-2 cases per 1,00000 people annually,
• Men are one and a half times more likely to be affected

than women.
• It is the most common cause of acute non-trauma-

related paralysis in the world.
• The syndrome is named after the French physicians

Georges Guillain and Jean Alexander Barre and strohl.
who described it in 1916.
CAUSES
The exits causea of GBS or still not known the candition ofter developed a
few days or of weeks ofter an infection of the digestive or respiratary tract
.this auggesta that they could be relates to GBS.in rare casess the syndrome
can occur fallowing surgery orher indections or immunizations
THER OR SOME KNOWN RISK FACTORS INCLUDING

*Sex: males are slitely more likely to contact GBS
*Age: risk increases with age
*Compylobacter jejuni bacterial infection: a common cause of food poisoning

this infectionns some times occure before GBS
*Influenza virus:Hiv or epstin_ barr virus : this have occures in the associa2
qith cause of GBS.
*Mycoplasama pnemonia: this is abacterial infection od the lungs.
*surgery: some surgeryies can trigger GBS
*hodgkin ‘s lymphoma: cancer of the lymphatic system can leads to GBS.
*Influenza vaccination or some childhood vaccinations: this have also been

linked to GbS in rare cases.
CLASSIFICATION
1) Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

(AIDP)
• Most common.
• Auto immune response against Schwan cell.
2) Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS)
• Rare variant
• Manifest as a descending paralysis.
• Usually affects the eye muscles first and presents with

the triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and reflex ion.
3) Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)
• Also known as Chinese paralytic syndrome,
• Attacks motor nodes of Ranvier and is prevalent in China

and Mexico.
4) Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN)
• Similar to AMAN
• Affect the sensory with several axonal damage.
5) Acute Pan autonomic Neuropathy
• Is the most rare variant of GBS, sometimes

accompanied by encephalopathy.
• Frequently occurring symptoms include impaired

sweating, lack of tear formation, photophobia, dryness
of nasal and oral mucosa, itching and peeling of skin,
nausea, dysphagia, and constipation unrelieved by
laxatives or alternating with diarrhea.
• Initial nonspecific symptoms of lethargy, fatigue,

headache, and decreased initiative are followed by
autonomic symptoms including orthostatic
lightheadedness, blurring of vision, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, dryness of eyes, and disturbed micturition.
Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) .
• It is characterized by acute onset of ophthalmoplegia,

ataxia, disturbance of consciousness, hyperreflexia.
Large, irregular hyper intense lesions located mainly in
the brainstem, especially in the pons, midbrain and
medulla, are describe in the literature.
CLINICAL FEATURES
• The 1st symptoms of Guillain-Barre syndrome is...
1) Pain.
2) Progressive muscle weakness.
3) Diminished reflexes of lower extremities.
4) Prickly, tingling
sensations.
5) Low blood
pressure.
6) Parenthesis.
7) Tenderness and
muscle pain.
8) Dysthesias &
muscle spasms.
9) Palpitation.
10) Hearth rate change.

11) Sweating abnormalities.
12) Cardiac arrhythmia.
13) Neuromuscular respiratory failure.
14) Difficulty in eye movement, facial movement, speaking,

chewing, or swallowing.
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• Medical history
• Physical examination
• Tests –
• Nerve conduction studies (NCS)

• CSFexamination
• Electromyography
(EMG)
• Electrocardiogram
(ECG)
• Pulmonary Function(PFT
Test
)
Criteria
• Progressive weakness in leg &areflexia.

arm &
• Features that strongly support
diagnosis are progressive
of symptoms over daysweek,
to 4 relatively symmetry
symptoms mild sensory symptoms/signs, cranial nerve
involvement.
MEDICAL TREATMENT
• Plasmapheresis
• High dose immunoglobin therapy Mechanical ventilator
• Pain control
• Supportive care
• Start after the 4th week from the onset.

• Approximately 80% of patient have a complete recovery.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Treatment is non specific and symptomatic.
• Observe continuously for adequacy of respiratory effort.
• . Continuous ECG monitoring.
• Supportive nursing care measures indicated by the

patients degree of paralysis.
• Residual efforts are rare, but prolonged flaccid paralysis

lead to muscle atrophy requiring rehabilitation and
physiotherapy.
•
•

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PRESENTATION ON

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

ASST.PROFESSOR MSC NURSING 1 YEAR

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) Or Landry's paralysis

• 1-2 cases per 1,00000 people annually,

• Men are one and a half times more likely to be affected

• It is the most common cause of acute non-trauma-

• The syndrome is named after the French physicians

THER OR SOME KNOWN RISK FACTORS INCLUDING

*Age: risk increases with age

*Compylobacter jejuni bacterial infection: a common cause of food poisoning

*Mycoplasama pnemonia: this is abacterial infection od the lungs.

*surgery: some surgeryies can trigger GBS

*hodgkin ‘s lymphoma: cancer of the lymphatic system can leads to GBS.

*Influenza vaccination or some childhood vaccinations: this have also been

1) Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

• Auto immune response against Schwan cell.

2) Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS)

• Manifest as a descending paralysis.

• Usually affects the eye muscles first and presents with

• Also known as Chinese paralytic syndrome,

• Attacks motor nodes of Ranvier and is prevalent in China

4) Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN)

• Affect the sensory with several axonal damage.

5) Acute Pan autonomic Neuropathy

• Is the most rare variant of GBS, sometimes

• Frequently occurring symptoms include impaired

• Initial nonspecific symptoms of lethargy, fatigue,

• It is characterized by acute onset of ophthalmoplegia,

• The 1st symptoms of Guillain-Barre syndrome is...

2) Progressive muscle weakness.

3) Diminished reflexes of lower extremities.

10) Hearth rate change.

13) Neuromuscular respiratory failure.

14) Difficulty in eye movement, facial movement, speaking,

• Nerve conduction studies (NCS)

• Progressive weakness in leg &areflexia.

• High dose immunoglobin therapy Mechanical ventilator

• Start after the 4th week from the onset.

• Observe continuously for adequacy of respiratory effort.

• . Continuous ECG monitoring.

• Supportive nursing care measures indicated by the

• Residual efforts are rare, but prolonged flaccid paralysis

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