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Low Impedance Restricted Earth Fault Protection Function

The document discusses low impedance restricted earth fault protection relay characteristics and behavior under different testing scenarios. The relay uses a formula to determine if a fault is internal or external based on angle and magnitude of the residual current. Testing showed that for correct differential summing, the neutral current transformer wires must be swapped and connected to the relay with the star point on the odd terminal and non-star point on the even terminal.

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Engr Fahimuddin Qureshi
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96 views5 pages

Low Impedance Restricted Earth Fault Protection Function

The document discusses low impedance restricted earth fault protection relay characteristics and behavior under different testing scenarios. The relay uses a formula to determine if a fault is internal or external based on angle and magnitude of the residual current. Testing showed that for correct differential summing, the neutral current transformer wires must be swapped and connected to the relay with the star point on the odd terminal and non-star point on the even terminal.

Uploaded by

Engr Fahimuddin Qureshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.1.

Low Impedance Restricted Earth Fault


Protection Function:
1.1.1. Relay Characteristics:
When external fault i.e. IAngle,REF > 0 then,
IREF(operate) = Iy* - k×I*Angle
When internal fault i.e. IAngle,REF ≤ 0 then,
IREF(operate) = |Iy*|

1.1.2. Relay Behaviour Observed During Testing Under


Various Conditions:
Scenario-A: CT Wires to Transformer Neutral Not Swapped While Connecting to Relay Element

Scenario-B: CT Wires to Transformer Neutral Swapped While Connecting to Relay Element


Conclusion:
While Considering all three currents being injected via odd terminal number sides of protection relay;
the relay adds additional 180 degrees phase shift in the neutral current phasor, therefore for correct
differential sum by relay, externally neutral CT wires must be swapped & then connected to relay
terminals i.e. Star point connected to odd side & Non Star Point Connected to Even Side as shown in
scenario-B.
Scenario-C: Through Fault

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