Cell Signaling Signal Transduction
Cell Signaling Signal Transduction
Cell Signaling Signal Transduction
Cell signaling
Signal transduction
In mul<cellular organisms, cells with different func<ons
exchange a wide variety of signals.
The signal represents informa/on that is detected by
specific receptors and converted to a cellular response,
which always involves a chemical process. This
conversion of informa<on into a chemical change, signal
transduc<on, is a universal property of living cells.
Signal transduc/on is the process by which a chemical
or physical signal is transmiBed through a cell as a series
of molecular events, most commonly protein
phosphoryla<on catalyzed by protein kinases, which
ul<mately results in a cellular response.
Cell signaling
(Brief History)
In 1970, Mar<n Rodbell examined effects of glucagon on rat’s liver
cell membrane receptor
He revealed about guanosine triphosphate and s<mulated G-
protein role in cells metabolism
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Example:
Tumor cells: release growth factors for their own survival and
prolifera<on
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Func<on
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Types of Signaling
Endocrine signaling
• Signaling molecules act on distant target cells
• hormones
Paracrine signaling
• Signaling molecules act on nearby target cells
• neurotransmiBers, growth factors, cytokines
Autocrine signaling
• Signaling molecules act on origina<ng cell
• tumor growth factors
Juxtacrine signaling
• ABached signaling molecules act on adjacent
target cells
• integrins, cell adhesion molecules
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