Introduction to C++

Julian Thijssen
Computer Graphics and Visualization
TU Delft

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Common Programming Languages

• C
• C++
• C#
• Java
• Python
• JavaScript
• Perl
• Ruby
• Rust
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C++ Use In Graphics

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What is a computer program?
• Source code – Human-readable code defining a program

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What is a computer program?
• Source code – Human-readable code defining a program

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What is a computer program?
• Machine code – Language understood by the computer

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What is a computer program?

Source code Machine code

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Programming is data manipulation

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Programming is data manipulation

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Primitive Data Types

• Integer (Whole numbers)

• Floating point (Fractional numbers)
• Character (Letters, Digits, Symbols)
• String (String of Characters)
• Boolean (True or False)

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Example Primitive Data Types

• Integer (5, 8, 294, -7594) New-line

• Float (5.344, 9.2, -84.0)
• Character (‘e’, ‘K’, ‘6’, ‘$’, ‘\n’)
• String (“Pie”, “50% Off”, “Learn C++”)
• Boolean (True, False)

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Data Types in C++

• int – Integer
• float – Floating point
• char – Character
• std::string – String
• bool - Boolean

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Storing data in memory
Data can be stored in memory for later use

Now how do we get it back when we need it??

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Variables

• Has a name
• Represents some location in memory

Put data in memory Label the memory location

Retrieve data from labelled location

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Variables

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A Basic C++ Application

Return success

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A Basic C++ Application

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A Basic C++ Application

Type Identifier Value

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A Basic C++ Application

Assignment End of
Operator Statement

Type Identifier Value

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Statements

• Instruction to perform some action

• Ends in a semicolon

Operators
Assignment Operators:
• Assignment (=)

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A Basic C++ Application

Assignment End of
Operator Statement

Type Identifier Value

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Output

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Output Include output functionality

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Streams

• Stream – Sequence of data flowing in

and out of the program

• Cout – Standard output stream

• Cin – Standard input stream

• Stream insertion operator (<<)

Stream extraction operator (>>)

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Output Include output functionality

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Operators

Arithmetic Operators:
• Addition (+)
• Subtraction (-)
• Multiplication (*)
• Division (/)
• Modulo (%)

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Output

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Exercise 1
Write a program that:

1. Outputs the number 10

2. Outputs the first 4 digits of PI (3.141)

3. Calculates the result of 312 * 40

4. Calculates the result of 100 + 40 * (61 / 9) + 7

5. Stores the previous result and calculates and displays

the result multiplied by 100.

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Declaration and Initialization

• Declaration – Declaring the type of the variable

• Initialization – Setting of initial value

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Input

Stream extraction operator

Stream insertion operator

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Conditions

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Conditions

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Conditions

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Conditions

Condition

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Conditions

Condition

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Operators

Relational Operators:
• Equal to (==)
• Not equal to (!=)
• Less than (<)
• Greater than (>)
• Less than or equal to (<=)
• Greater than or equal to (>=)

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Conditions

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Scope and Block Structure

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Scope and Block Structure
• Global Variables – Variables defined outside all blocks
• Local Variables - Variables defined within a block

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Exercise 2
Write a program that:

1. Allows the user to type a number and displays it

2. Allows the user to type a number, and displays whether

this number is positive or negative.

3. Allows the user to type a number, and displays whether

this number is greater than or equal to -10.

4. Allows the user to type a number, and displays “In

Range” when the number is bigger than 10 and smaller
than 20, otherwise “Out Of Range”.

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Loops

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While Loops

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For Loops

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For Loops

Increment operator

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Exercise 3

Write a program that:

1. Displays the first 10 natural numbers

(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
2. Finds the sum of these numbers
3. Displays the cube of a user-inputted
number. (e.g. 5^3 = 125)
4. Displays the factorial of a user-inputted
number. (e.g. 5 factorial = 120)

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