STAT 3090: Test 2 Review - KEY

1. Suppose that individuals applying for a driver’s license in South Carolina are given 4
attempts to pass the driver’s test. The following probability distribution shows the
number of attempts, X, that were required by individuals who passed their exam in 2016.

x 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.25 0.30 0.15 0.30

A. What is the probability that a randomly selected individual who attained a driver’s
license required more than one attempt?
P(X>1)=0.75

B. 𝑷(𝟏 < 𝑿 ≤ 𝟑) = 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟐) + 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟑) = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓

C. What is the expected number of attempts to pass the driver’s test? 𝝁𝑿 = 𝟏(𝟎. 𝟐𝟓) +
⋯ + 𝟒(𝟎. 𝟑𝟎) = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐬
D. If it costs $30 for each attempt to take the driver’s test, what is the expected cost per
driver to obtain their license?
Expected cost = 𝝁𝑿 (𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐭) = 𝟐. 𝟓(𝟑𝟎) = $𝟕𝟓

2. A department store reports that 84% of their customers pay their bills on time. We are
interested in the probability that at least 12 out of 15 randomly selected customers will
pay their bill on time. Assume that customer payment habits are independent.
A. What type of distribution appropriately describes this situation? Binomial
B. Let B= the number of individuals who pay their bills on time. Find 𝑃(𝐵 ≥ 12).
𝑷(𝑩 ≥ 𝟏𝟐) = 𝑷(𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐) + ⋯ + 𝑷(𝑩 = 𝟏𝟓)
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
= ( ) (𝟎. 𝟖𝟒)𝟏𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟏𝟔)𝟑 + ⋯ ( ) (𝟎. 𝟖𝟒)𝟏𝟓 (𝟎. 𝟏𝟔)𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟗𝟎𝟖
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟓
C. Find 𝑃(9 < 𝐵 < 12).
𝑷(𝟗 < 𝑩 < 𝟏𝟐) = 𝑷(𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎) + 𝑷(𝑩 = 𝟏𝟏)
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
= ( ) (𝟎. 𝟖𝟒)𝟏𝟎 (𝟎. 𝟏𝟔)𝟓 + ( ) (𝟎. 𝟖𝟒)𝟏𝟏 (𝟎. 𝟏𝟔)𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟓
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏

3. X is a binomial random variable with n=10 and p=0.9.

A. What is the expected value of X or μX ? 𝛍𝐗 = 𝒏𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎(𝟎. 𝟗) = 𝟗
B. What is the standard deviation of X or σX ? 𝛔𝐗= √𝒏𝒑(𝟏 − 𝒑) =
√𝟏𝟎(𝟎. 𝟗)(𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟏) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟕

4.
At Ingles Market is has been determined that customers arrive at the checkout section
according to a Poisson distribution at an average rate of 12 customers per hour.
A. What is the probability that exactly 1 customer will arrive at the checkout section in
the next 30 minutes?

𝟔𝟏 𝒆−𝟔
𝒏𝒆𝒘 𝝀 = 𝟔 𝒄𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒔 ; 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟏) = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗
𝟏!

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STAT 3090: Test 2 Review - KEY

B. What is the probability that at most 1 customer will arrive at the checkout section in
the next 30 minutes?
𝟔𝟎 𝒆−𝟔 𝟔𝟏 𝒆−𝟔
𝑷(𝑿 ≤ 𝟏) = 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟎) + 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟏)= + =0.0174
𝟎! 𝟏!

C. What is the probability that at least 2 customers will arrive at the checkout section in
the next 30 minutes?
𝑷(𝑿 ≥ 𝟐) = 𝟏 − 𝑷(𝑿 ≤ 𝟏) = 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟖𝟐𝟔

5. Suppose that on average, 5 students who are enrolled in a state university in Atlanta, GA
have their cars stolen during the semester and the number of cars has a Poisson
distribution.
A. Determine the expected number of cars stolen per semester.
𝝁 = 𝟓 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓

B. Determine the standard deviation of the number of cars stolen per semester.
𝝈 = √𝟓 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒔

6. Suppose we have a loaded die that gives the outcomes 1 to 6 according to the
probability distribution
X 1 2 3 4 5 6_
P(X) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 2m

Note that for this die all outcomes are not equally likely, as it would be if this die
were fair.
A. P(X = 6) = 0.1 (probabilities must add to 1) 2m=0.1 so m = 0.05
B. If this die is rolled many times, then the mean of the number of spots on the many
rolls, should be about what value?
𝝁𝑿 = 𝟏(𝟎. 𝟏) + ⋯ + 𝟔(𝟎. 𝟏) = 𝟑. 𝟑 𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒔

C. What is the standard deviation of the number of spots rolled?

𝝈𝑿 = √(𝟏 − 𝟑. 𝟑)𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟏) + ⋯ + (𝟔 − 𝟑. 𝟑)𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟏) = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟐 𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒔
7. Evaluate 𝑃(−1.25 ≤ 𝑍 ≤ 2.21).
0.8808
8. A special coin has the probability of 0.65 of landing heads. Assume that tosses of this
coin are independent. This is binomial with n=7, p=0.65, let X=number of heads
A. What is the probability that it will land heads exactly 3 times in 7 tosses?
𝟕
𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟑) = ( ) (𝟎. 𝟔𝟓)𝟑 (𝟎. 𝟑𝟓)𝟒 =0.1442
𝟑
B. What is the probability that it will land heads in fewer than 3 in 7 tosses?
𝟕 𝟕
𝑷(𝑿 < 𝟑) = ( ) (𝟎. 𝟔𝟓)𝟎 (𝟎. 𝟑𝟓)𝟕 +. . + ( ) (𝟎. 𝟔𝟓)𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟑𝟓)𝟓 =0.0556
𝟎 𝟐

C. What is the probability that it will land heads in 3 or more tosses out of 7?
𝑷(𝑿 ≥ 𝟑) = 𝟏 − 𝑷(𝑿 < 𝟑) = 𝟏 −0.0556=0.9443
D. What is the expected number of heads tossed in 7 tosses of the coin?
𝝁𝑿 = 𝒏𝒑 = 𝟕(𝟎. 𝟔𝟓) =4.55 tosses

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STAT 3090: Test 2 Review - KEY

9. Refer to the uniform distribution, illustrated below.

𝟐+𝟎
A. 𝝁𝑿 = = 𝟏 units .5
𝟐
𝟐−𝟎 𝟐
B. 𝝈𝑿 = = 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
√𝟏𝟐 √𝟏𝟐
C. What is P(0.1 < 𝑋 < 0.7)? (0.6)(0.5)=0.3
D. What is P(𝑋 > 0.5)? 0.75 0 1 2

X
X

10. Find the z-score in the standard normal distribution such that the area to the right of z is
0.18.
0.9154

11. Suppose that the amount of time that it takes a clerk to process an employment
application is uniformly distributed between 5 minutes and 12 minutes.
A. What is the mean amount of time that a clerk requires to process an employment
application?
𝟓 + 𝟏𝟐
𝝁𝑿 = = 𝟖. 𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔
𝟐

B. What is the standard deviation of the amount of time that a clerk requires to process an
employment application?

𝟏𝟐 − 𝟓 𝟕
𝝈𝑿 = = 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔
√𝟏𝟐 √𝟏𝟐
C. What is the probability that the clerk will take more than 7 minutes to process a
randomly selected application?
P(time > 7) = 5/7

12. It is known that the resistance of carbon resistors is approximately normally distributed
with µ=1200 ohms and σ = 120 ohms. If 10 resistors are randomly selected from a
shipment, what is the probability that the average resistance will be less than 1250
ohms?
𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎−𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎
̅ < 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎) = 𝑷 (𝒁 <
𝑷(𝑿 𝟏𝟐𝟎 ) = 0.9062
√𝟏𝟎

13. The time that it takes a Clemson student to find parking once they have arrived on
campus is approximately normally distributed with a mean 25 minutes and standard
deviation 5 minutes. If a student arrives on campus at 8:15 AM, what is the probability
that the student will find parking before 8:45 AM?
P(X<30 minutes) = P(Z< 1) = 0.8413

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STAT 3090: Test 2 Review - KEY

14. The height of an adult male is known to be normally distributed with mean of 175 cm
and standard deviation 6 cm.
A. What is the value of Q3 in this distribution of heights? 179.05 cm
B. What is the value of the 65th percentile? 177.31 cm

15. Random samples of size n were selected from a population with a known standard
deviation. How is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
affected if the sample size is increased from 50 to 200?
The standard deviation is divided by two because the sample size is quadrupled.

16. Let X be a random variable that has a bimodal distribution with mean 12 and standard
deviation 1.5. We take random samples of size 100.

A. Describe the shape of the sampling distribution of 𝑥̅ . The distribution will be

approximately normal because the sample size is greater than 30.
B. State the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution for 𝑥. Use
appropriate symbols.
𝝁𝑿̅ = 𝟏𝟐, 𝝈𝑿̅ = 𝟏. 𝟓/√𝟏𝟎𝟎
17. A machine that cuts corks for wine bottles operates in such a way that the distribution of
the diameter of the corks produced is well approximated by a normal distribution with
mean 3 cm and standard deviation 0.1 cm. The specifications call for corks with
diameters between 2.9 and 3.1 cm. A cork not meeting specifications is considered
defective. What proportion of corks will be considered defective?
0.3173

18. For which of the following will the sample mean tend to differ least from sample to
sample?
𝝈
Check 𝒏 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞
√
A. Random samples of size 50 from a population with σ = 0.1
B. Random samples of size 60 from a population with σ = 0.1
C. Random samples of size 40 from a population with σ = 0.5
D. Random samples of size 50 from a population with σ = 0.6

19. Let X describe the number of defective tires on a randomly selected sport utility vehicle
(SUV) at a certain inspection center. Assume that the following is a valid probability
distribution.

X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) .42 .26 .06 .04 ??

A. Find P(X = 4). P(X=4)=0.22

B. Find the expected number of defective tires on a randomly selected SUV.
𝝁𝑿 or E(X) = 0(0.42)+1(.26)+2(0.06)+ 3(0.04+ 4(0.22) = 1.38 tires

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STAT 3090: Test 2 Review - KEY

C. What is the probability that the number of defective tires on a randomly selected SUV
exceeds the mean?
P(X>1.38) or P(X>=2)= 0.06+0.04+0.22= 0.32
20. The Keowee Corporation buys parts from suppliers all over the country. One part is
currently being purchased from a supplier in California under a contract that calls for at
most 5% of the parts to be defective. When a shipment arrives, the Keowee Corporation
randomly samples 10 parts. If it finds 2 or fewer defective parts in the sample, it keeps
the shipment; otherwise, it returns the entire shipment to the supplier.

A. Assuming that the conditions for a binomial distribution are satisfied, what is the
probability that the sample will lead the Keowee Corporation to reject the shipment if the
defect rate is actually 5%?
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝑷(𝑿 > 𝟐) = 𝟏 − (( ) (𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)𝟏𝟎 (𝟎. 𝟗𝟓)𝟎 + ( ) (𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)𝟗 (𝟎. 𝟗𝟓)𝟏 + ( ) (𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)𝟖 (𝟎. 𝟗𝟓)𝟐 )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟓

B. Suppose that actually 10% of the shipment from the supplier is defective. What is the
probability that the sample will lead Keowee to keep the shipment anyway?
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝑷(𝑿 ≤ 𝟐) = (( ) (𝟎. 𝟏𝟎)𝟏𝟎 (𝟎. 𝟗𝟎)𝟎 + ( ) (𝟎. 𝟏𝟎)𝟗 (𝟎. 𝟗𝟎)𝟏 + ( ) (𝟎. 𝟏𝟎)𝟖 (𝟎. 𝟗𝟎)𝟐 ) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟗𝟖
𝟎 𝟏 𝟐

21. A manager of an online shopping website finds that on average 10 customers per minute
make a purchase on Mondays and the number of customers is well approximated by a
Poisson distribution.

Let X = the number of customers who make a purchase in a one-minute interval on

Monday.

A. What is the probability that during a one-minute interval on Monday, exactly 4

purchases will be made?
𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒆−𝟏𝟎
P(X=4)= = 0.0189
𝟒!

Let W = the number of customers who make a purchase in a 30-second interval on

Monday.

B. What is the probability that during a 30-second interval on Monday, at least 4

purchases will be made?

𝟓𝟎 𝒆−𝟓 𝟓𝟏 𝒆−𝟓 𝟓𝟐 𝒆−𝟓 𝟓𝟑 𝒆−𝟓

𝑷(𝑾 ≥ 𝟒) = 𝟏 − 𝑷(𝑾 < 𝟒) = 𝟏 − ( + + + ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟓𝟎
𝟎! 𝟏! 𝟐! 𝟑!

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STAT 3090: Test 2 Review - KEY

22. The scores for Test 1 in STAT 3090 are approximately normally distributed with mean
80.3 points and standard deviation 6.8 points.

A. What score would a student need to score in the top 15% of student’s scores?
Score = invNorm(0.85, 80.3, 6.8) = 87.35 points

OR
1.04 = (X – 80.3) /6.8 - solve for X

B. What is the probability that a randomly selected group of 43 students will have a
mean score of more than 83 points?

𝑷(𝑿̅ > 𝟖𝟑) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟔

C. Describe the sampling distribution for 𝑥̅ for samples of size 43.
The sampling distribution for 𝒙 ̅ is approximately normal with mean 80.3 and
standard deviation 𝟔. 𝟖/√𝟒𝟑.

23. The following graph shows the uniform distribution of wait times, in minutes, for the
Catbus at the bus stop in front of Sikes Hall.

1 3 6 14 time (min)

A. Find the area of the shaded region. Area = 3/13

B. Interpret the area that you found in part A using words.

The probability that a randomly selected student will have to wait between 3 and 6
minutes is 3/13.

24. According to a report published by U.S. News and World Report, 41% of Clemson
students live on campus.

A. Is the proportion of Clemson students who live on campus in a sample of 60 students

normally distributed? Support your response with the appropriate calculation(s). (2
points)

Yes, 60(.41)>=5 and 60(1 – 0.41) >=5

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STAT 3090: Test 2 Review - KEY

B. Calculate the mean and standard error of the sampling distribution of the proportion
of Clemson students who live on campus in a sample of 60 students. Label your answers
with the appropriate symbol. Round your answer for standard deviation to four decimal
places. (3 points)

𝝁𝒑−𝒉𝒂𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏 𝝈𝒑−𝒉𝒂𝒕 = √𝟎. 𝟒𝟏(𝟎. 𝟓𝟗)/𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟓

C. What is the probability that 43.5% or more of the students sampled live on campus?
Show all your calculations and label your answer with appropriate probability
notation. You may use calculator syntax. (3 points)
𝟎. 𝟒𝟏(𝟎. 𝟓𝟗)
𝑷(𝒑̂ > 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟓) = 𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒅𝒇(𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟓, 𝟏𝑬𝟗𝟗, . 𝟒𝟏, √ = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟔𝟗
𝟔𝟎
Z-score = 0.39, probability = 0.3483