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4.7 Transition Elements

Transition elements are metals located between Groups 3 and 12 on the periodic table, with the exceptions of scandium and zinc. They have characteristic properties like forming colored ions and existing in multiple oxidation states. Some key transition elements and their uses include iron acting as a catalyst in the Haber process to produce ammonia, and manganese used as a coloring agent to make stained glass windows. Transition elements have important industrial applications as catalysts in various chemical processes and as coloring agents.

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111 views12 pages

4.7 Transition Elements

Transition elements are metals located between Groups 3 and 12 on the periodic table, with the exceptions of scandium and zinc. They have characteristic properties like forming colored ions and existing in multiple oxidation states. Some key transition elements and their uses include iron acting as a catalyst in the Haber process to produce ammonia, and manganese used as a coloring agent to make stained glass windows. Transition elements have important industrial applications as catalysts in various chemical processes and as coloring agents.

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Nursaiyidah Roni
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4.

7 Transition Elements
(Metals)
Learning objectives:

• Determine the position of transition elements


in the Periodic Table of Elements
• Explain the special characteristics of a few
transition elements with examples.
• List the uses of transition elements in industry.
Elements
• Element from Group 3 to Group 12

Eg:
Copper
Iron
Cobalt
Manganese

Except
for:
Scandium
Zinc
Physical properties

1. Metals
2. Shiny surfaces
3. Very hard compared to
metals in Group 1 and
Group 2
4. High densities
5. High melting and boiling
points
Special characteristics of
transition elements

1. Form coloured ions or compounds


2. Transition elements have more than one
oxidation number.
3. Transition elements can form complex ions.
4. Function as catalyst in a chemical reaction.
1. Form coloured ions or compounds.

Transition element ions Colour of


solution
Chromium (III) ion, Cr 3+ ion Green
Dichromate (VI) ion, Cr2O2−7 Orange

ion
Manganese (II) ion, 𝑀𝑛2+ ion Pink
Iron (II) sulphate solution. Manganate (VII) ion, MnO42− Purple
ion
Iron (II) ion, Fe2+ ion Green
Iron (III) ion, Fe3+ ion Brown
Copper (II) ion, Cu²⁺ion Blue

Potassium manganate (VII)


solution
2) Have more than 1 oxidation number.

Transition element Oxidation Compound


number
Chromium, Cr +3 Chromium (III) chloride, CrCl3
+6 Potassium dichromate (VI), K2Cr2O7
Mangan, Mn +2 Manganese (II) chloride, MnCl2
+4 Manganese (IV) oxide, MnO₂
+7 Potassium manganate (VII), KMnO₄
Iron, Fe +2 Iron (II) sulphate, FeSO4
+3 Iron (III) chloride, FeCl3
Copper, Cu +1 Copper (I) oxide, Cu₂O
+2 Copper (II) oxide, CuO

Must mention the


Oxidation number!

Copper (II) oxide, CuO


3. Transition elements can form complex ions.
Transition Element Ion of transition Formula
element
Copper Tetraaminecopper [Cu(NH3)4 ]+2
(II) ion
Iron Hexacyanoferrate [Fe(CN)6 ]3−
(III) ion
Iron Hexacyanoferrate [Fe(CN)6 ]4−
(II) ion
Iron Hexaaquaferrate [Fe(H2O)6]2+
(II) ion
4. Function as catalyst in a chemical reaction.

• Catalyst is a substance that can increase the rate of reaction


without changing the end product of reaction.
• For example, iron filings are used as a catalyst in the Harber
Process. Type equation here.

Fe
Uses of Transition Elements in Industry

1. As catalyst:
Vanadium in Contact process:
• Manufactured of sulphuric acid, H2SO4
• Catalyst: Vanadium(V) oxide, V2O5

Nickel or platinum in Manufacture of


margarine
• Catalyst: Nickel, Ni / Platinum, Pt
Iron in Harber Process:
• Manufactured of ammonia, NH3
• Catalyst: Iron, Fe

Platinum in Ostwald Process:


• Manufactured nitric acid, HNO3
• Catalyst: Platinum, Pt
2. As colouring agent:

-Titnium is used to make paint

-Manganese is used to make


stained glass windows.

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